103 | id == 103
103 | category_id == 9
103 | category_order == 6
103 | category_name == Longevity
103 | category_color == #C47AC0
103 | slug == tp53-longevity
103 | title == The Role of Tumor Suppression in Aging & Longevity (TP53)
103 | meta_description == p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that helps prevent cancer. What variants in TP53 have been associated with increased risk?
103 | summary == <p><strong>When p53 is working correctly, it suppresses tumors; when it&rsquo;s not, it opens the door to all sorts of cancers. What variants in TP53 have been associated with increased risk? Find out here.</strong></p>
103 | overall_score_text == Longevity Score (based on TP53 Gene)
103 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/TP53.jpg
103 | author_id == 1
103 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
103 | author_title == BSc, BEd
103 | author_order == 36
103 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
103 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
103 | reviewer == None
103 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
103 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
103 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
103 | publish_date == 2020
103 | publish_date == 2
103 | publish_date == 14
103 | avg_rating == 4.333333333333333
103 | tags_id == 164
103 | tags_name == Cancer
103 | tags_id == 40
103 | tags_name == DNA Repair
103 | tags_id == 270
103 | tags_name == EGCG
103 | tags_id == 101
103 | tags_name == Longevity
103 | tags_id == 271
103 | tags_name == Polyphenols
103 | tags_id == 269
103 | tags_name == TP53 Gene
103 | permissions_favorite == False
103 | permissions_rate == False
103 | content_article == <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">What is Tumor Protein 53?</span></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TP53</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> codes for tumor protein 53, or p53. For several years after its discovery, researchers tagged p53 as an oncogene &mdash; a gene prone to the types of mutations that can lead to cancer. However, p53 is actually a potent protein that works to &ldquo;guard&rdquo; the genome and prevent damaged and mutated cells from turning into cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933881/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More specifically, p53 binds to specific sections of DNA, regulating gene expression and preventing damage and mutations. p53 also helps repair DNA that has already been damaged; its role in the DNA damage repair (DDR) system appears to be to stop the cell cycle (growth and division) to give the rest of the repair machinery time to work [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5731425/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4852800/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Role of p53 in Aging &amp; Longevity</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As a tumor suppressor, p53&rsquo;s most obvious link to longevity lies in the fact that cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases on Earth. People who live cancer-free are clearly more likely to live exceptionally long lives than those who develop cancer [</span><a href="https://academic.oup.com/annonc/article/26/6/1263/161844"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, p53 is currently under investigation for a separate, but related, link to aging. In mice, overexpression of certain types of mutant p53 led to cancer resistance, but also to premature aging and death [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933881/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6839964/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers believe that DNA damage is among the primary drivers of aging. In response to DNA damage, p53 activates, stops the cell cycle, and allows the DNA damage repair (DDR) system to do its work. However, when the damage is beyond repair, the cell will either die (apoptosis) or simply stop reproducing indefinitely (senescence) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6839964/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Broadly speaking, the three possible outcomes of unrepaired DNA damage are apoptosis, senescence, or cancer. All three of these outcomes can significantly shorten a person&rsquo;s remaining lifespan [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6839964/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">p53, of course, promotes DNA repair, which makes cancer and apoptosis less likely. However, it also stops the cell cycle and appears to make senescence more likely [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6839964/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Variants in the p53 protein can tip the balance toward cancer, apoptosis, or senescence in response to DNA damage. This is at the root of p53&rsquo;s complex relationship with longevity.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mutant p53 and Aging</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Certain p53 variants seem to be more likely to promote senescence and premature aging than others. In a study of 9219 Danish people, the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype at rs1042522 was associated with a lifespan approximately three years longer than the &lsquo;CC&rsquo; genotype [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933881/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256523"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers broadly agree that the &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele confers greater longevity than the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele at this SNP. However, there is debate as to why this association exists. Currently, the hypothesis with the most support seems to be that the &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele decreases apoptosis and increases cell cycle arrest (which would make cancer less likely); some researchers posit that this change allows for increased survival rates in people suffering from many types of disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256523"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Furthermore, people with the &lsquo;CC&rsquo; genotype responded better to chemotherapy than those with the &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele in a study of lung cancer patients. The decrease in apoptosis due to variant p53 may have helped the patients&rsquo; healthy tissues survive the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/63-factors-raising-stress-cortisol-level-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of chemotherapy [</span><a href="https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cncr.23668"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">One SNP, rs1042522, has been associated with a three-year difference in life expectancy; researchers disagree as to the reason why.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Cancer Connection</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There have been a staggering number of studies connecting various p53 SNPs with cancer. For brevity, we will include lists below of the types of cancer connected to various SNPs, but we will not explore each type in detail. Remember: </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TP53</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is just one factor that appears to affect the development of cancer. If you have risk alleles, you can still take steps to reduce cancer risk if you live a healthy lifestyle, eat a healthy diet, and follow your doctor&rsquo;s recommendations.</span></p> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rs1042522</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele is associated with:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Death from all causes and cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5428447/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reduced general longevity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24654968"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256523"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15732191"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lower life expectancy [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23125046"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">General cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676148/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26653978"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31211452"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24863946"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20512840"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5391235/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6639677/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6360307/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21115003"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23573956"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pituitary cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5553295/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thyroid cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286843"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Prostate cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5627694/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24935583"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3844174/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057117/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3720621/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19237173"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Penile cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277628/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lung cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567126/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27614750"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24316395"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25514803"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3877976/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4623062/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24175836"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740961/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21841506"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15564288"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16287156"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17301252"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737020/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Breast cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6311483/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25292094"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6396222/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6311543/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684289/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949804"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27644661"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520609/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6533225/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810023"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6746117/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26666818"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838531"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124483"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1929098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20127253"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768437/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624591"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21790896"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18820009"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cervical cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23534750"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6197843/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5921260/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6323714/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31435875"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19482343"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764239/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23244080"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23210739"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625214"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21897271"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Endometrial cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6559913/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4197345/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19193430"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ovarian cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25060098"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563948/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kidney cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340947/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5328300/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bladder cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5350417/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178231"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4018346/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22901221"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21047201"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gallbladder and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/bile-supplements/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">bile</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> duct cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925680"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3162044/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20544687"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398355/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pancreatic cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4348172/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110284"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mouth cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6102817/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nasopharyngeal cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5581063/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954877/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Esophageal cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4374384/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124483"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23837945"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Salivary gland cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24115240"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Head and neck cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26099726"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28351583"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521206/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370206"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994282/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Eye cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4642541/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5287443/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bone cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6422898/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6160068/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4440149/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17096406"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lymph system cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159297/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5680759/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2375899/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Leukemia [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31128065"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27619989"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28364582"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27282582"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4823650/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537220"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537220"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23653000"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232390"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837266"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536560"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Liver cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6603402/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393630/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22180176"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170208/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25412941"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23632240"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4205030/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24326769"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stomach cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315504/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24534481"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479941"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23423487"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Skin cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5696688/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26148609"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22336942"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Colorectal cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5980905/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28373458"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5352043/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5860727/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6547998/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5131981/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20615891"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22294769"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4101030/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19224585"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Effects of chemo [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24732641"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This allele has also been associated with:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Heart attack [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30686012"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Coronary heart disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6158393/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27436625"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29482350"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252575"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23906684"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Blood pressure [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3355249/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28987347"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21146886"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23269546"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024396/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570412/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Alzheimer&rsquo;s [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19657586"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ALS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741128"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rs17878362</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The insertion mutation (A2) is associated with:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">General cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23412385/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24336192/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26637924"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Breast cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586794"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30430302"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31387111/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/26226484/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26003292"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810023"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838531"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624591"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Endometrial cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19193430"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Skin cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/29167767/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Prostate cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/28454424/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24324286/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18332046"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Colorectal cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28373458"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19224585"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pancreatic cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110284"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bladder cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669776"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This allele has also been associated with diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28987347"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rs12951053</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele is associated with:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bone cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/26045840/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Colorectal cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31205533/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Breast cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24929325"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31528229/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124483"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17683073"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ovarian cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19276375/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20386703/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lung cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17301252"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435014"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Esophageal cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124483"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473292"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Leukemia [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230820"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cervical cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19423538/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Skin cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21536413"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stomach cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473292"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rs1625895</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele is associated with (the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele is protective from):</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lymph system cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430047"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Skin cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/29167767/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Colorectal cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31205533/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lung cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/30048458/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17301252"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17908995"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Breast cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838531"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810023"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624591"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brain cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17151932"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Endometrial cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19193430"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This allele has also been associated with:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kidney transplant rejection [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25394431"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Neural tube defects [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18798306/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rs2287498&nbsp;</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele is associated with:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Laryngeal cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28739733"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ovarian cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563948/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666150/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Breast cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684289/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rs2078486</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele is associated with:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reduced general longevity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946073/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lung cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3877976/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ovarian cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851649/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rs28934578</span></h4> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Breast cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24929325"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a genetic predisposition to cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3727274/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your TP53 Results for Longevity</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The following SNPs have been associated with longevity directly or indirectly through cancer. Again, it&rsquo;s important to remember that while these mutations may affect disease risk in one way or another, they are not the only factor in cancer development! Lifestyle, diet, and exposure to harmful chemicals also play significant (and likely greater) roles. If you are concerned about your results, talk to your doctor about prevention strategies that may be right for you.</span></p> <p>*5607744355957456*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNP Summary and Table</span></h3> <p><strong>TP53 rs1042522</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with longer lifespan (about three years longer for &lsquo;GG&rsquo; than &lsquo;CC&rsquo;)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with average lifespan</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>TP53 rs17878362</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A1&rsquo; = Not associated with cancer</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A2&rsquo; = Associated with several cancers</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>TP53 rs12951053</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Not associated with cancer</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with several cancers</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>TP53 rs1625895</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with some cancers</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Appears protective against some cancers</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>TP53 rs2287498</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with cancer</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with several cancers</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>TP53 rs2078468</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with cancer</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with several cancers</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>TP53 rs28934578</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with cancer</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Rare mutation that may cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome &amp; predisposition to cancer</span></li> </ul> <p>*5422757034837711*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations to Increase Longevity</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The following strategies have been found to increase or improve p53 function in limited clinical studies. However, they should never be used to replace something your doctor recommends or prescribes. Be sure to talk to your doctor before making any significant changes to your health strategies.</span></p> <p>*2495047972867978*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lifestyle</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">p53 appears to play a role in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and recovery; mice without functional p53 genes have reduced exercise capacity, endurance, and strength. Also in mice, exercise has been found to activate mitochondrial p53 and promote the repair of mitochondrial DNA [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24264057"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://skeletalmusclejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13395-016-0075-9"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are no studies on the effect of exercise on p53 activity in humans. However, physical activity is broadly recognized to be a helpful strategy for cancer prevention. 3 hours of walking per week was significantly associated with reduced rates of breast cancer, for example [</span><a href="http://www.cancernetwork.com/survivorship/role-physical-activity-cancer-prevention-treatment-recovery-and-survivorship"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Also in mice, chronic stress was found to hinder p53 activity and promote the development of tumors. Again, it is unknown whether stress reduces p53 in humans, but chronic stress is believed to broadly promote and worsen cancer. We recommend addressing sources of stress in your life, either by taking up a stress-busting hobby or seeking professional help [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3345015/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/73/8_Supplement/784"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3037818/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cigarette smoke and exposure to benzene and other pollutants have been associated with reduced p53 functionality, especially in those with detrimental mutations. We strongly recommend avoiding cigarettes and pollutants if at all possible [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740961/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19505915"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624591"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737020/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Physical activity and stress reduction are among the best lifestyle choices for preventing cancer and increasing longevity. Exposure to cigarette smoke, benzene, and other pollutants is very harmful.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The complex relationship between diet and cancer has been the focus of many studies over several decades, and researchers have found interactions between food and p53.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Broadly speaking, people who eat a so-called &ldquo;Western diet&rdquo; rich in simple carbohydrates and processed foods are more likely than others to have mutant p53 in colon tumors [</span><a href="https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/11/6/541.long"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similarly, some researchers have suggested that a low-carb diet could inhibit DNA damage and tumor growth, but the evidence for this is limited to animal studies [</span><a href="https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/11/6/541.long"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/pdf/S1550-4131(17)30490-4.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In terms of specific foods, cruciferous vegetables and other polyphenol-rich plants have shown the greatest promise. Cruciferous vegetables (which include broccoli, brussels sprouts, kale, and so on) contain a compound called phenethyl isothiocyanate (</span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/panacea-benefits-broccoli-sprouts-sulforaphane/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sulforaphane</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is another compound within the isothiocyanate group); this compound has been observed to preferentially kill cells containing harmful mutant forms of p53. This effect has not been directly observed in humans; however, the available data suggests that people who eat more cruciferous vegetables are less likely to develop cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5041190/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737735/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A new review of dietary polyphenols found that many common fruit and vegetable compounds increase p53 activity. The polyphenols reviewed included caffeic acid, acacetin, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-11-science-based-health-benefits-apigenin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">apigenin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/quercetin-22-scientifically-proven-benefits-quercetin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">quercetin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/15-science-based-health-benefits-fisetin-1-favorite/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">fisetin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">curcumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-15-scientific-health-benefits-of-resveratrol-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">resveratrol</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, ellagic acid, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">EGCG</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Good sources of these polyphenols include coffee, many herbs and spices, onions, apples, berries, grapes, pomegranates, and red wine [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31004736"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The simple carb-rich Western diet appears to be detrimental to p53 function. Among the best dietary options for p53, cancer, and longevity are cruciferous vegetables and antioxidant-rich plant foods.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplements</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">EGCG, one of the polyphenols that has been found to increase p53 activity in cells, also has anti-cancer activity in mice. EGCG is available as a supplement, and it is also abundant in green tea [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31004736"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351151"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16797120"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While the effect of green tea and EGCG on p53 has not been directly studied in humans, green tea consumption has been associated with a reduced rate of stroke, diabetes, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-depression/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">depression</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Furthermore, in a Chinese study of over 9,000 elderly adults, green tea consumption was associated with reduced mortality rates [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24071782"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3830687/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Drugs</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Half of all human cancers have mutated </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TP53</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">; thus, researchers are currently developing drugs and experimental therapies that target p53 for cancer treatment. However, none are currently available [</span><a href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055455"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p>
103 | content_snp_table_5607744355957456_key == 5607744355957456
103 | content_snp_table_5607744355957456_blur == True
103 | content_snp_table_5607744355957456_hidden == False
103 | content_learn_more_5422757034837711_key == 5422757034837711
103 | content_learn_more_5422757034837711_blur == True
103 | content_learn_more_5422757034837711_hidden == False
103 | content_learn_more_5422757034837711_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your TP53 gene is associated with average rates of cancer and average longevity. Staying fit, avoiding cigarettes, and eating a healthy diet are important parts of cancer prevention. Keep scrolling to learn more.
103 | content_recommendation_2495047972867978_key == 2495047972867978
103 | content_recommendation_2495047972867978_blur == True
103 | content_recommendation_2495047972867978_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs12951053,rs17878362,rs1625895,rs2078468,rs28934578,rs1042522,rs2287498
rsStatus = rs12951053,TP53,chr17,7674089,A,C,,,28,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1625895,TP53,chr17,7674797,T,A,C,G,34,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs2078468,,chr11,29923288,C,A,T,,28,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs28934578,TP53,chr17,7675088,C,A,T,,35,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1042522,TP53,chr17,7676154,G,A,C,T,25,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs2287498,TP53,chr17,7689242,C,T,,,39,0,Normal
