104 | id == 104
104 | category_id == 15
104 | category_order == 11
104 | category_name == Diet
104 | category_color == #C47AC0
104 | slug == PPM1K-Diet
104 | title == The Role Of Amino Acids In Diet, Obesity, & Diabetes (PPM1K)
104 | meta_description == The PPM1K gene helps metabolize amino acids. Certain genetic variants may change how the body reacts to diets. Learn more here!
104 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>BCAAs, a type of amino acid commonly found in the food we eat, is metabolized with help from the PPM1K gene. However, certain variants in this gene may impair this process, potentially leading to greater risk of type 2 diabetes, higher insulin resistance, and poor response to specific diets.</strong></p>
104 | overall_score_text == Your Obesity and Diabetes Score (Based On PPM1K Gene)
104 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/PPM1K--Diet.jpg
104 | author_id == 8
104 | author_name == Mathew Eng
104 | author_title == PharmD
104 | author_order == 40
104 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Mathew.jpg
104 | author_intro == <p><strong>Mathew received his PharmD from the University of Hawaii and an undergraduate degree in Biology from the University of Washington.</strong></p>    <p>Mathew is a licensed pharmacist with clinical experience in oncology, infectious disease, and diabetes management. He has a passion for personalized patient care and believes that education is essential to living a healthy life. His goal is to motivate individuals to find ways to manage their chronic conditions.</p>
104 | reviewer == None
104 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
104 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
104 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
104 | publish_date == 2020
104 | publish_date == 2
104 | publish_date == 28
104 | avg_rating == 3.0
104 | tags_id == 274
104 | tags_name == BCAA
104 | tags_id == 127
104 | tags_name == Diabetes Type 2
104 | tags_id == 183
104 | tags_name == Diet
104 | tags_id == 139
104 | tags_name == Insulin
104 | tags_id == 116
104 | tags_name == Insulin Resistance
104 | tags_id == 141
104 | tags_name == Metabolic Health
104 | tags_id == 165
104 | tags_name == Obesity
104 | tags_id == 273
104 | tags_name == PPM1K Gene
104 | permissions_favorite == False
104 | permissions_rate == False
104 | content_article == <h2><strong>The <em>PPM1K</em> Gene</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/ppm1k/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PPM1K</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> helps create a protein named mitochondrial protein phosphatase 1K [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This protein plays an important role in the metabolism of certain amino acids called </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/bcaas-health-benefits-bcaa/"><strong>branched chain amino acids</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/bcaas-health-benefits-bcaa/"><strong>BCAAs</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">), such as </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/leucine-health-benefits-side-effects/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">leucine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There&rsquo;s some evidence that certain genetic variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PPM1K</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may impair the body&rsquo;s ability to metabolize BCAAs, ultimately leading to an increase in BCAA levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29855804"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This may be an issue as several studies have linked high BCAA levels to metabolic problems, such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin resistance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/obesity-causes/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">obesity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucose/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">type 2 diabetes</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29855804"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research also suggests that certain variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PPM1K</span></em> <span style="font-weight: 400;">may affect how the body responds to certain diets [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><strong><em>PPM1K</em>, Diet, &amp; Blood Glucose</strong></h2> <h3><strong>How Does <em>PPM1K</em> Affect Diet And Blood Glucose?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies show that certain genetic variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PPM1K</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may have negative effects on the body.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More specifically, research suggests that the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele in rs1440581 may be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and poor response to certain diets [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29855804"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to researchers, this occurs because the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele may impair the body&rsquo;s ability to metabolize BCAAs, leading to a higher than normal level of BCAAs [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">High levels of BCAAs in the blood have been strongly linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in a number of studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6306832/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5934885/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5127513/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, it&rsquo;s not entirely clear why high BCAA levels have this effect.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some researchers suggest that BCAAs may activate the </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/mtor-natural-mtor-inhibitors/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">mTOR</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> signaling pathway, which can induce insulin resistance [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5934885/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Research On <em>PPM1K</em></strong></h3> <h4><strong>The POUNDS LOST Trial</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Short for &ldquo;Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies&rdquo;, the POUNDS LOST trial is a study that followed 734 overweight or obese adults for a 2-year period [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">During this time, subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 calorie-restricted diets that were either high-fat or low-fat and either high-protein or average-protein [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At the end of the trial, researchers found some interesting results.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Subjects who were on the high-fat diet and carried the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele in rs1440581 had less weight loss and smaller improvements to insulin resistance compared to the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Participants in the study were predominantly white, but there were also black, Hispanic, and Asian groups included [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860590/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">According to the POUNDS LOST trial, people with the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele in rs1440581 may benefit less from a calorie-restricted high-fat diet in terms of weight loss and insulin sensitivity compared to those without this allele.</span></p> <h4><strong>The NUGENOB Trial</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The NUGENOB trial, which stands for &ldquo;Nutrient Gene Interactions in Human Obesity&rdquo;, studied 757 obese adults who were put on a calorie-restricted diet for 10 weeks [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Participants were randomly assigned to 2 different controlled diets, a low-fat diet and a high-fat diet [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similar to the POUNDS LOST trial, researchers found that those carrying the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele experienced </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">worse</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> improvements to weight and insulin resistance while on a calorie-restricted high-fat diet [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On the other hand, the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele was associated with </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">better</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> weight loss and insulin resistance improvements for those on the low-fat diet compared to the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Subjects in this study were all from European countries, including the United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Spain, Czech Republic, Sweden, and Denmark [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The NUGENOB trial suggests that people carrying the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele in rs1440581 may benefit less from calorie-restricted </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">high-fat</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> diets and may benefit more from calorie-restricted </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">low-fat</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> diets in terms of weight loss and improvements to insulin resistance.</span></span></p> <h4><strong>Other Studies</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One study followed over 6,000 Chinese non-diabetic patients for a 5-year period [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29855804"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For those carrying the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele in rs1440581, an increase in BMI resulted in greater increases in insulin levels and insulin resistance compared to those with the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29855804"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The researchers also found that each &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele in rs1440581 is associated with a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29855804"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">A study of Chinese patients found that the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele in rs1440581 is associated with higher insulin levels, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your <em>PPM1K</em> Results for Diet</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You can see your genotype for PPM1K in the table below. However, keep in mind that these associations are based on studies from certain ethnic populations &mdash; so you should interpret your results with caution if you are not descended from one of these specific groups!</span></em></p> <p>*2767632293002406*</p> <p><strong>Primary SNP:&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><a href="../../gene/ppm1k/"><strong>PPM1K</strong></a><strong> rs1440581</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with better improvements to weight and insulin sensitivity when consuming a calorie-restricted </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">low-fat</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> diet</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with better improvements to weight and insulin sensitivity when consuming a calorie-restricted </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">high-fat</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> diet</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele is also associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese populations</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 19% of all people worldwide have the &lsquo;TT&rsquo; genotype</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 33% of all people worldwide have the &lsquo;CC&rsquo; genotype</span></li> </ul> <p>*5628261772979255*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations For Insulin Resistance and Obesity</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you believe you have insulin or weight problems, always speak with your doctor first. These issues may require medical attention and treatment.</span></em></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Also, talk to your doctor before implementing any of the following strategies. There may be unexpected interactions with your current medications or health conditions.&nbsp;</span></em></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">None of these recommendations should ever be used to replace any of the treatments or medications that your doctor gives you.</span></em></p> <p>*7962347931955146*</p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Get Enough Sleep</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-sleep/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">While sleeping</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, the body goes through important metabolic changes. Not getting enough sleep can disrupt this process, potentially leading to an imbalance of blood glucose and insulin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767932/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29510179"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many studies show that short sleep duration and poor sleep quality are strongly linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767932/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29510179"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30439506"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29630921"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some research suggests that even sleep durations of 4 to 5 hours are linked to insulin resistance [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767932/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29510179"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">How much sleep should you get? The ideal sleep duration varies for each person, but most experts recommend that adults get about 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/how_much_sleep.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Exercise Regularly</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research consistently shows that </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reduces blood glucose levels, improves </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin sensitivity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10683091"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569266/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise produces a dose effect, meaning that longer or more intense exercise sessions can have greater benefits to insulin sensitivity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10683091"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569266/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to some studies, a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training (weightlifting) may produce greater benefits than either type of exercise alone [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10683091"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569266/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Physical activity is also, of course, one of the best ways to lose weight and improve overall health [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/index.htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Reduce Stress</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/63-factors-raising-stress-cortisol-level-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Psychological stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can cause several biological changes in the body, including an increase in inflammatory compounds and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/need-know-cortisol-health-effects/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cortisol</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (the stress hormone) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579396/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A number of studies show that mental stress is associated with insulin resistance and is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28664919"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cortisol itself is also linked to higher blood glucose, insulin resistance, and waist circumference [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919480/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research suggests that stress management techniques, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction, may help improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11772897"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015675/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Quit Smoking</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cigarette smoking increases blood glucose, insulin resistance, and the risk of type 2 diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/diabetes.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/health-information/cigarette-smoking-risk-factor-type-2-diabetes"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to some estimates, smokers are 30-40% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to non-smokers [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/diabetes.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking also increases the risk of diabetes-related complications such as diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage caused by diabetes) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3530709/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For those without diabetes, quitting smoking can help prevent the disease [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/diabetes.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/health-information/cigarette-smoking-risk-factor-type-2-diabetes"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even for those that do have diabetes, quitting smoking can make it easier to manage your blood glucose levels [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/diabetes.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/health-information/cigarette-smoking-risk-factor-type-2-diabetes"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As mentioned earlier, your specific genotype of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PPM1K</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can affect how the body responds to certain diets.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The NUGENOB and POUNDS LOST trials found the following results in regards to </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PPM1K </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs1440581 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446828"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Those carrying the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele may benefit more from a calorie-restricted high-fat diet</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Those carrying the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele may benefit more from a calorie-restricted low-fat diet</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">What exactly was the benefit?&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These studies suggest that when an allele is matched with a beneficial diet type (such as a calorie-restricted high-fat diet for those with the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele), the individual may experience more weight loss and better improvements to insulin resistance [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446828"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p>
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104 | content_learn_more_5628261772979255_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your PPM1k gene is somewhat associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk in certain ethnic groups. However, this score represents only one of many different factors that can influence your health. Specific lifestyle and diet changes may help — read on to learn more!
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rsIDs = rs1440581
rsStatus = rs1440581,PPM1K-DT,chr4,88305270,T,A,C,,31,0,Normal
