11 | id == 11
11 | category_id == 5
11 | category_order == 3
11 | category_name == Inflammation
11 | category_color == #C47AC0
11 | slug == histamine-intolerance
11 | title == How to Combat Histamine Intolerance Through Genetics (DAO)
11 | meta_description == Personalized genetics blog article
11 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Do you get migraines or rashes after eating certain foods? Your genes affect how well two important enzymes clear histamine from your gut, skin, and brain. We&rsquo;ll explore your genetic risk of intolerance and how to combat it.</strong></p>
11 | overall_score_text == Histamine Intolerance Score (based on AOC1 Gene)
11 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/How-to-Combat-Histamine-Intolerance-Through-Genetics_JPG.jpg
11 | author_id == 1
11 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
11 | author_title == BSc, BEd
11 | author_order == 36
11 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
11 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
11 | reviewer_id == 2
11 | reviewer_name == Joe Cohen
11 | reviewer_title == BS
11 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
11 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
11 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
11 | publish_date == 2019
11 | publish_date == 9
11 | publish_date == 9
11 | avg_rating == 4.875
11 | tags_id == 20
11 | tags_name == AOC1 Gene
11 | tags_id == 25
11 | tags_name == DAO
11 | tags_id == 23
11 | tags_name == Food Sensitivity
11 | tags_id == 22
11 | tags_name == Histamine Intolerance
11 | tags_id == 21
11 | tags_name == HNMT Gene
11 | tags_id == 24
11 | tags_name == Inflammation
11 | permissions_favorite == False
11 | permissions_rate == False
11 | content_article == <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">What is Histamine Intolerance?</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with histamine intolerance have too much histamine: they either create it in excess or they can&rsquo;t break it down quickly enough [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17490952"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As a result, when they eat foods that contain histamine, it crosses into their blood, and they experience inflammation; by contrast, a healthy person would break down most dietary histamine before it ever reaches the bloodstream [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17490952"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24286351"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The most common culprit is low diamine oxidase (</span><a href="../../gene/aoc1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">DAO</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">), the enzyme that breaks histamine down in the gut [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17490952"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Allergy-Like Symptoms</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Histamine intolerance mimics an allergic reaction. Symptoms may include diarrhea, headaches, stuffy and runny nose, eye redness, asthma, low blood pressure, arrhythmia, hives, itching, and flushing [</span><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.12330/full"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with less efficient DAO are more likely to suffer from migraine headaches as well. According to one study, those with the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele at rs10156191 or rs2052129 (or both) are at a significantly higher risk of developing migraines [</span><a href="https://headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/head.12493"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">How Can You Tell If You&rsquo;re Intolerant?</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">*3512580663003819*</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Approximately 1% of the population has histamine intolerance. In contrast to food allergies, in which even a small amount of the allergen causes a reaction, the cumulative amount of histamine is crucial to inducing a reaction [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17490952"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although 75 mg of liquid histamine can provoke symptoms in healthy volunteers, defining the safe threshold level in sensitive individuals is difficult. Canned sardines, which are very likely to trigger symptoms in intolerant people, have as much as 20 mg per 100 g, but some people react to foods that contain much less [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604636/#CR71"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604636/#CR72"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1470866"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17490952"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you think you may be intolerant, monitor yourself for allergy-like symptoms after you consume a high-histamine food such as canned sardines.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; display: block; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; padding: 20px; background-color: #e8ebfc;">Histamine intolerance, which is most often caused by deficient or defective DAO enzymes, causes allergy-like symptoms including headaches, rashes, and a stuffy nose.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Why is AOC1 (DAO) Important?</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">AOC1 (or DAO) codes for diamine oxidase, one of the major enzymes that breaks down histamine. DAO is mostly found in the gut, though it&rsquo;s also in the kidneys and connective tissues [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24286351"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6129797/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Because of its location in the gut, this enzyme is our primary defense against histamine and histamine-producing bacteria in our food. Unsurprisingly, DAO deficiency is the primary cause of histamine intolerance [</span><a href="https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/85/5/1185/4633007"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; display: block; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; padding: 20px; background-color: #e8ebfc;">DAO is the major histamine-degrading enzyme in the gut. It is our primary defense against histamine produced by bacteria in our food.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your Histamine Gene Results for Intolerance Risk</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">*3512580663003819*</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Important SNPs</span></h3> <p><strong>AOC1 rs10156191:</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Normal production of diamine oxidase (DAO)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Reduced production of DAO, increased risk of histamine intolerance</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>AOC1 rs2052129:</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Normal production of DAO</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Reduced production of DAO, increased risk of histamine intolerance</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>AOC1 rs1049742:</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Normal production of DAO</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Reduced production of DAO, increased risk of histamine intolerance</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>AOC1 rs1049793:</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Normal DAO enzyme activity</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Reduced DAO enzyme activity, increased risk of histamine intolerance</span></li> </ul> <p>*2702655300316514*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">How Does Defective DAO Cause Problems?</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Defective or deficient DAO is the leading cause of histamine intolerance. Any one of several variations (as shown in the table above) can slow down your DAO enzyme; the more bad variants you have, the more likely you are to be intolerant [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21488903"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/head.12493"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3495953/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">*2397046245193150*</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations to Prevent or Manage Intolerance</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you suspect that you are histamine intolerant, talk to your doctor about the recommendations below. Together, you can discuss your genetic data and find the right diet, lifestyle, and supplement changes for you.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">To Prevent Histamine Release</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Most of the strategies for managing histamine intolerance prevent histamine from being either produced (histidine decarboxylase inhibitors) or released (mast cell stabilizers). Over on SelfHacked, we&rsquo;ve compiled a comprehensive list of supplements and lifestyle options that can help; </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-antihistamines/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">check out this post to see them all</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It&rsquo;s also a good idea to reduce the amount of histamine you consume in your food. </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/low-histamine-diet/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> explains how to make the most of a low-histamine diet. For a dive into which foods are high and low in histamine, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/foods-high-low-in-histamine/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">check out this post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">To Increase DAO Activity</span></h3> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet</span></h4> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lathyrus sativus</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (white pea or grass pea) is a tropical legume that naturally contains DAO. However, it also contains a neurotoxin that can be dangerous if the peas are not properly prepared. If you choose to eat white peas, make sure to closely follow cooking instructions to eliminate the threat [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486577/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16332380"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DAO requires vitamin C, vitamin B6, and copper to function normally. Make sure you get enough of these nutrients in your diet [</span><a href="https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/85/5/1185/4633007"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The omega-3 fatty acids </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/fish-oil-top-22-science-based-health-benefits-of-fish-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">DHA and EPA</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> appear to encourage the release of DAO in the gut. These healthy fats are generally anti-inflammatory, so it&rsquo;s a good idea to increase your intake [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9756524"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956412/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplements</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The simplest solution for reduced DAO activity is also the easiest: diamine oxidase is available as a supplement. DAO supplements reduce or eliminate headaches in people with confirmed enzyme deficiency [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475774"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">You can also get DHA and EPA as a supplement by taking fish oil [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-Consumer/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Drugs</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diphenhydramine (the active ingredient in Benadryl) blocks histamine from binding to the H1R receptor, but it may also increase DAO activity. In one cell study, diphenhydramine enhanced DAO by 19% at the highest studied concentration. Note, however, that this effect has not yet been observed in animals or humans [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9831324"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p>
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11 | content_learn_more_3512580663003819_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your AOC1 gene is not working optimally, somewhat increasing your risk of histamine intolerance. You’ll need to prevent histamine release and increase the effectiveness of histamine-degrading enzymes. Keep scrolling to find out how.
11 | content_recommendation_2397046245193150_key == 2397046245193150
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rsIDs = rs10156191,rs1049742,rs1049793,rs2052129
rsStatus = rs10156191,AOC1,chr7,150856517,C,T,,,28,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1049742,AOC1,chr7,150857465,C,T,,,30,1,HET
rsStatus = rs1049793,AOC1,chr7,150860577,C,G,T,,30,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs2052129,AOC1,chr7,150851884,G,A,T,,36,0,Normal
