122 | id == 122
122 | category_id == 16
122 | category_order == 13
122 | category_name == Gut Health
122 | category_color == #C47AC0
122 | slug == SI-IBS
122 | title == Could Your IBS Symptoms Be Caused by an Enzyme Deficiency? (SI)
122 | meta_description == If sucrase-isomaltase doesn’t work correctly, it may contribute to the symptoms of IBS. What do your genes have to do with it?
122 | summary == <p><strong>Sucrase-isomaltase is a digestive enzyme responsible for breaking down sucrose, maltose, and starch in the small intestine. If this enzyme doesn&rsquo;t work right, it may contribute to symptoms of IBS. What do your genes have to do with it?</strong></p>
122 | overall_score_text == Gut inflammation Score (based on SI)
122 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/SI-Gut-Inflammation-IBS.jpg
122 | author_id == 1
122 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
122 | author_title == BSc, BEd
122 | author_order == 36
122 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
122 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
122 | reviewer == None
122 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
122 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
122 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
122 | publish_date == 2020
122 | publish_date == 3
122 | publish_date == 19
122 | avg_rating == 4.5
122 | tags_id == 322
122 | tags_name == Bloating
122 | tags_id == 324
122 | tags_name == CSID
122 | tags_id == 311
122 | tags_name == Diarrhea
122 | tags_id == 194
122 | tags_name == Gut Health
122 | tags_id == 308
122 | tags_name == Gut Inflammation
122 | tags_id == 73
122 | tags_name == IBD
122 | tags_id == 8
122 | tags_name == IBS
122 | tags_id == 325
122 | tags_name == SI Gene
122 | tags_id == 323
122 | tags_name == Sucrose Intolerance
122 | permissions_favorite == False
122 | permissions_rate == False
122 | content_article == <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">What is Sucrase-Isomaltase?</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sucrase-isomaltase is a digestive enzyme responsible for digesting sucrose (otherwise known as table sugar), starch, and maltose (a sugar found in grains). In the human body, it is found in the small intestine, where it breaks down sugars before they are absorbed into the bloodstream [</span><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7710/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://molcellped.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40348-015-0028-0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sucrase-isomaltase (or SI) is essential for the digestion of most of our staple foods, but most people will never hear of it. Like so many other building blocks of our bodies, it only becomes medically relevant when it isn&rsquo;t working right: people who have defective SI are said to have congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, or CSID [</span><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7710/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://molcellped.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40348-015-0028-0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">What is Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency?</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with CSID do not have functional SI enzymes and cannot digest sucrose, maltose, and starch. When they eat food containing these nutrients, they experience stomach cramps, bloating, gas production, and diarrhea. These problems can in turn cause malnutrition and impaired growth in children [</span><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7710/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://molcellped.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40348-015-0028-0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As far as we know, CSID is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that both copies of a person&rsquo;s SI gene must be defective in order for them to suffer from CSID. There are currently four known variants that can cause CSID: Val577Gly (rs121912615), Gly1073Asp (rs121912616), Phe1745Cys (rs79717168), and Arg1124X (no RSID; this mutation causes the protein sequence to be shorter than normal). Any combination of these four mutations, as long as they are present on both copies of the SI gene, causes CSID [</span><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7710/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://molcellped.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40348-015-0028-0"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://gut.bmj.com/content/67/2/263"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Sucrase-isomaltase (SI) is a digestive enzyme that breaks down sucrase, maltose, and starch. When this enzyme doesn&rsquo;t work correctly due to genetic mutations, it causes congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, or CSID.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">SI Variants and IBS</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While defective SI is best known for causing CSID, it is possible that smaller reductions in SI activity could be responsible for some cases of IBS. In fact, one study of 1887 people found that SI variants were significantly more common in IBS patients than in matched controls [</span><a href="https://gut.bmj.com/content/67/2/263"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The most significant mutation was rs9290264, which may reduce enzymatic activity by up to 35% compared to the SI enzyme without detrimental variants. This variant has been rated in the top 1% most deleterious changes in the human genome [</span><a href="https://gut.bmj.com/content/67/2/263"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are a number of other SI variants which may reduce enzyme activity; however, rs9290264 is the only one that has been confirmed in a lab setting so far [</span><a href="https://gut.bmj.com/content/67/2/263"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your SI Results for IBS</span></h2> <p>*4546108181828017*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNP Summary and Table</span></h3> <p><strong>SI rs9290264</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Normal sucrase-isomaltase; not associated with IBS</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Possibly disrupted sucrase-isomaltase activity; associated with IBS</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>SI rs121912615</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Normal sucrase-isomaltase</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Defective sucrase-isomaltase; two copies cause CSID</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>SI rs79717168</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Normal sucrase-isomaltase</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Defective sucrase-isomaltase; two copies cause CSID</span></li> </ul> <p>*9814416269804214*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations to Prevent IBS</span></h2> <p>*3612902402390121*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hydration</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It&rsquo;s very important to make sure you are drinking enough water: dehydration has been found to significantly worsen the symptoms of IBS. Regardless of your symptoms, many experts recommend drinking 8 glasses of water per day, but a lot of research suggests that actual water requirements fluctuate hugely from day to day [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5467063/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315424/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People who have difficulty digesting sucrose often have diarrhea after ingesting food that contains sugar, and dehydration is among the most common emergencies in CSID. If you have potentially detrimental </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SI</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants and IBS, make sure you drink plenty of water every day [</span><a href="http://www.csidinfo.com/emergency.htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with CSID are typically advised to start an elimination diet that cuts sucrose out to as great a degree as possible. People with IBS and potentially detrimental </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SI</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants may also want to try cutting down on their intake of sucrose [</span><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7710/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.uwhealth.org/healthfacts/nutrition/338.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4746203/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a </span><strong>low sucrose diet</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or a sucrose elimination diet, any food or drink sweetened with table sugar is eliminated. CSID patients are also advised to be very careful about their intake of starches and of certain fruits and vegetables. Eliminated foods include [</span><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7710/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://intermountainhealthcare.org/ckr-ext/Dcmnt?ncid=529333766"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Processed cheese (which may be sweetened with sugar)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Breads &amp; cereals (which contain maltose)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Potatoes and sweet potatoes</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Deli meats, gravies, and sausages</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sweetened drinks</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many fruits (apples, apricots, bananas, mangos, pineapples, etc.)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many vegetables (beets, corn, carrots, onions, beans)</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Among the foods always allowed on a low sucrose diet are [</span><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7710/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://intermountainhealthcare.org/ckr-ext/Dcmnt?ncid=529333766"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unprocessed meat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Most nuts &amp; seeds</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tofu</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dietary fats (butter, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/olive-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">olive oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Milk</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet beverages</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some fruits (</span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/avocado/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">avocado</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, cherries, figs, grapes, kiwis, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/pomegranate/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">pomegranate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, etc.) [</span><a href="https://intermountainhealthcare.org/ckr-ext/Dcmnt?ncid=529333766"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some vegetables (sprouts, asparagus, cauliflower, broccoli, mushrooms, etc.) [</span><a href="https://intermountainhealthcare.org/ckr-ext/Dcmnt?ncid=529333766"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While some foods may be added back into the diet after the elimination phase, this is a very challenging diet. To avoid nutritional deficiencies, it should be carefully supervised by a doctor or trained dietitian. Talk to your doctor before attempting this diet.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">People with dysfunctional SI may have more difficulty digesting sucrose, maltose, and starch. A doctor or trained dietitian should supervise any attempt to eliminate these nutrients in the diet.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplements</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One of the most likely causes of IBS is dysregulation of the gut flora. In fact, individuals with IBS often appear to have decreased diversity and numbers of beneficial </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-your-gut-microbiota-can-make-you-fat-or-thin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">microbiota</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and protective strains such as </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-12-scientific-health-benefits-of-l-reuteri/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. reuteri</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6039952/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/s-boulardii/"><strong><em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em></strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">is a type of yeast sometimes added to </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/probiotics-good-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">probiotic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> supplements. This yeast produces a highly efficient sucrase enzyme, and it may be included in the treatment plan of people (especially children) with diarrhea due to CSID. </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/s-boulardii/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">S. boulardii</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may be a promising probiotic for people with IBS and potentially detrimental </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SI </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5808955/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Drugs</span></h3> <p><strong>Sacrosidase </strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Sucraid) is a prescription drug that contains the sucrase enzyme. People with CSID take the enzyme with their meals so that they can safely consume some foods with sugar [</span><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7710/congenital-sucrase-isomaltase-deficiency"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=d613bb7f-c3f4-462e-81a2-da2347cc4b6b&amp;type=display"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">IBS-D is considered a possible misdiagnosis for some people who actually have CSID. There has also been some research into whether sacrosidase could be helpful for people who really do have IBS and not CSID [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315563/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you have IBS that improves when you avoid sucrose and you have one or more potentially detrimental SI variants, you may want to talk to your doctor about whether sacrosidase could be appropriate for you. Do not start any new medication without your doctor&rsquo;s instructions.</span></p>
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122 | content_learn_more_9814416269804214_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your SI enzyme could be somewhat less effective than normal, making you potentially predisposed to IBS. However, this does not necessarily reflect your overall risk of IBS, just one gene related to it. Staying hydrated, managing stress, and avoiding sucrose and maltose may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs79717168,rs9290264,rs121912616,rs121912615
rsStatus = rs79717168,SI,chr3,164983015,A,C,,,31,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs9290264,SI,chr3,165075970,C,A,,,20,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs121912616,SI,chr3,165021265,C,A,T,,37,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs121912615,SI,chr3,165046998,A,C,G,,26,0,Normal
