137 | id == 137
137 | category_id == 17
137 | category_order == 14
137 | category_name == Respiratory Health
137 | category_color == #C47AC0
137 | slug == TNF-ARDS
137 | title == Can This Inflammation Gene Affect Susceptibility To Lung Failure? (TNF)
137 | meta_description == The TNF gene plays a key role in the immune system, but certain variants may put the lungs at risk. Learn more here!
137 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The TNF gene plays a key role in the body&rsquo;s inflammatory and immune response. Research suggests that certain genetic variations of TNF may increase susceptibility to certain lung conditions. Find out what this gene does and who may be at risk.</strong></p>
137 | overall_score_text == Lung Health Score (Based On TNF Gene)
137 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/TNFA--ARDS.jpg
137 | author_id == 8
137 | author_name == Mathew Eng
137 | author_title == PharmD
137 | author_order == 40
137 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Mathew.jpg
137 | author_intro == <p><strong>Mathew received his PharmD from the University of Hawaii and an undergraduate degree in Biology from the University of Washington.</strong></p>    <p>Mathew is a licensed pharmacist with clinical experience in oncology, infectious disease, and diabetes management. He has a passion for personalized patient care and believes that education is essential to living a healthy life. His goal is to motivate individuals to find ways to manage their chronic conditions.</p>
137 | reviewer == None
137 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
137 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
137 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
137 | publish_date == 2020
137 | publish_date == 4
137 | publish_date == 8
137 | avg_rating == 5.0
137 | tags_id == 95
137 | tags_name == Immune System
137 | tags_id == 24
137 | tags_name == Inflammation
137 | tags_id == 336
137 | tags_name == Respiratory Infection
137 | tags_id == 235
137 | tags_name == TNF-alpha
137 | tags_id == 234
137 | tags_name == TNF gene
137 | permissions_favorite == False
137 | permissions_rate == False
137 | content_article == <h2><strong>What Is The <em>TNF</em> Gene?</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/gene/tnf/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is responsible for creating a protein called Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (</span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"><strong>TNF-alpha</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha is an inflammatory cytokine. It plays a major role in the body&rsquo;s immune and inflammatory response [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several components of the immune system can produce TNF-alpha, including [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Macrophages</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/intro-natural-killer-cells-increase-decrease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Natural killer (NK) cells</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/neutrophils/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Neutrophils</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mast cells</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to research, genetic variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can alter the production of TNF-alpha. This may have important implications to various inflammatory conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507624"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617146/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene plays an important role in inflammation. Certain variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can change the inflammatory response, which may increase the risk of certain conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome.</span></span></p> <h3><strong>How Does TNF-alpha Work?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha has many different effects throughout the body, often working in combination with other types of cytokines, such as </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-1</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-6</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some of the effects of TNF-alpha include [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation and fever</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Appetite suppression</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stimulating phagocytosis, which helps remove harmful substances like bacteria</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha accomplishes many of these effects by activating various inflammatory pathways (including </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/nuclear-factor-kappa-b/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NF-&kappa;B</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><strong><em>TNF</em> &amp; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)</strong></h2> <h3><strong>What Is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious respiratory condition that involves severe inflammation in the lungs. This condition requires immediate medical attention, often in the intensive care unit (ICU) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466596"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are several conditions that can lead to ARDS, such as [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466596"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pneumonia</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Severe infections (sepsis)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trauma</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">ARDS can significantly worsen lung function and eventually result in death. According to some estimates, only about half of those diagnosed with ARDS will survive [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29466596"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of lung failure resulting from severe inflammation of the lungs. Some causes include pneumonia, sepsis, and major physical injury.</span></p> <h4><strong>Link To Cytokine Storm</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cytokine storm syndrome is an inflammatory condition that occurs when a large portion of the body&rsquo;s </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-and-decrease-white-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">white blood cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> become activated and start releasing cytokines, such as TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294426/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">These newly produced cytokines go on to activate even more white blood cells, creating a vicious cycle of inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294426/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></strong></p> <p><strong>There is a signficant overlap between ARDS and cytokine storm &mdash; factors that cause ARDS can very often lead to cytokine storm as well.</strong></p> <h3><strong>How Do Variants Of <em>TNF</em> Affect ARDS?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha plays a big part in the development of ARDS, due to its ability to stimulate inflammation.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A number of studies show that </span><strong>certain variants of the </strong><strong><em>TNF</em></strong><strong> gene can result in higher levels of TNF-alpha</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which may also increase the risk of developing ARDS (and the risk of cytokine storm as well) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617146/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a>, <strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294426/">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378830/">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555385">R</a>].</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the following sections, we&rsquo;ll go over these genetic variants and their link to ARDS as well as associations with other related conditions.</span></p> <h4><strong>The rs1800629 Variant</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The SNP rs1800629 (also known as </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> -308) is one of the most researched SNPs in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene. </span><strong>The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele is associated with higher levels of TNF-alpha</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617146/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of 600 Chinese patients found that the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele of rs1800629 was associated with increased risk for ARDS and lower survival rates [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617146/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several studies also suggest that rs1800629 is linked to severe sepsis, a common cause of ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5762335/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, a scientific review of 23 different studies concluded that the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele of rs1800629 is associated with susceptibility to sepsis in Asian populations [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5762335/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similar results have been found in Indian, Japanese, Chinese, and Turkish groups [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26561011/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051275/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23029405/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16444434/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Oddly enough, the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele appears to have the opposite effect on infants. According to a study of 1,100 Brazilian pediatric patients, the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may have a </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">protective</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> effect against ARDS and sepsis in infants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507624"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It&rsquo;s unclear exactly why this opposite effect occurs, but some researchers theorize that TNF-alpha production is regulated differently in children and infants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507624"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele of rs1800629 may be linked to higher TNF-alpha and increased risk of ARDS according to studies in adult Asian populations.</span></p> <h4><strong>The rs361525 Variant</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The SNP rs361525 (also known as </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> -238) has not been well studied in regards to ARDS.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, research does suggest that the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may be associated with certain infections that are related to ARDS.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of 270 Mexican patients found that the &lsquo;AA&rsquo; genotype in rs361525 is linked to greater risk of infection by the influenza A (H1N1) virus, which is responsible for the flu [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3534505/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similarly, a scientific review of 23 different studies concluded that Asian patients carrying the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may be more susceptible to sepsis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5762335/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Research of Mexican and Asian patients suggest that those carrying the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele in rs361525 may be more at risk of developing the flu or sepsis.</span></p> <h4><strong>The rs1800750 Variant</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to the previously mentioned study of 270 Mexican patients, the &lsquo;AA&rsquo; genotype of rs1800750 is also associated with increased risk of infection by the influenza A (H1N1) virus [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3534505/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>The rs1800630 Variant</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A Brazilian study of 1,100 pediatric patients found that carriers of the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may have a greater risk of ARDS compared to the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507624"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><strong>Your <em>TNF</em> Results for Lung Health</strong></h2> <p>*3521377310550750*</p> <p><strong>Primary SNP:&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong>TNF rs1800629</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with lung conditions</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with increased risk of ARDS, sepsis, and lower survival rates in adults</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">These associations have only been found in Asian populations</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may have an opposite, protective effect in young children and infants</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 17% of people carry at least one &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>Other Important SNPs:</strong></p> <p><strong>TNF rs361525</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with lung conditions</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with increased risk of developing the flu or sepsis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">These associations have only been found in Mexican and Asian populations</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 12% of people carry at least one &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>TNF rs1800750</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with lung conditions</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with increased risk of developing the flu</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This association has only been found in a Mexican population</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 2% of people carry at least one &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>TNF rs1800630</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with lung conditions</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with increased risk of ARDS in children</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This association has only been found in Asian populations</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 28% of people carry at least one &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele</span></li> </ul> <p>*3613295312473512*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Lung Health</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*6752489535251842*</p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Exercise Regularly</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Consistent moderate </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a great way to reduce inflammatory factors, like TNF-alpha, as well as improve lung function.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While TNF-alpha levels increase shortly after exercise (especially after vigorous physical activity), regular moderate exercise can decrease TNF-alpha levels in the long run [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30371169"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22092703"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320801/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011264"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise also improves lung capacity and may help improve outcomes in those that develop ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818249/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This is because ARDS often leads to muscle weakness, which then lowers long-term survival chances for those that end up recovering from ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594312/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research suggests that ARDS patients who are physically active are more likely to live longer and have better quality of life [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594312/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Weight Management</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fat (adipose) tissue can promote the expression and production of TNF-alpha, leading to higher levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304634/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11126333"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lowering body fat may directly reduce the production of TNF-alpha, leading to lower levels and reduced inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304634/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11126333"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies also show that obesity is a strong risk factor for ARDS. Those who are overweight are much more likely to develop this respiratory condition [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435141/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27684705"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Quit Smoking</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to research, tobacco smokers have significantly higher TNF-alpha levels in the blood compared to nonsmokers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921689/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891738/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inhaled cigarette smoke can increase the production of TNF-alpha in lung cells, which can lead to airway inflammation and lung damage [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921689/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891738/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking also makes the lungs much more susceptible to infections, injury, and ARDS. For those that smoke, quitting can be one of the best ways to help prevent ARDS and other lung related conditions [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737582/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4538990/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15534156"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Healthy Amount of Sun Exposure</strong></h4> <p><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> deficiency is very common in patients with ARDS. </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sun exposure</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is one of the main ways that the body obtains vitamin D and may actually help prevent certain health conditions [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129901/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6186338/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31826336"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is some evidence that correcting vitamin D levels may potentially reduce the risk of ARDS and improve quality of life, although other studies have found mixed results [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6186338/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31826336"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research also shows that vitamin D may help suppress the expression of TNF-alpha. Maintaining healthy vitamin D levels may help keep TNF-alpha in check [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20722932"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2503979/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Avoid Alcohol Abuse</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Elevated blood TNF-&alpha; levels have been measured in chronic alcoholics, even in those without liver disease. A meta-analysis associated the &lsquo;A&rsquo; variant of the rs361525 polymorphism with alcohol abuse or dependence, but only in those with liver disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1995437/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17266151"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21447951"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Alcohol abuse increases inflammation, ARDS incidence, and the risk of developing organ failure or dying from this condition [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16682904"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of 351 patients considered at risk for ARDS, 70% of those who abused alcohol developed this complication, compared to only 31% of those who did not drink [</span><a href="https://medcraveonline.com/JACCOA/alcohol-abuse-and-acute-lung-injury-and-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reducing excessive alcohol consumption could be a simple way to help prevent ARDS.</span></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Mediterranean Diet</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research shows that high fat (saturated fat) and high carbohydrate diets can stimulate the production of TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15935403"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20446026"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One diet in particular, the </span><strong>Mediterranean diet</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, has been shown to reduce many different inflammatory markers, including TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30445703"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421282"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This diet has also been associated with improved lung health, especially in smokers. A study of 207 smokers found that those eating a Mediterannean diet had better lung function than those on a Western diet [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5123418/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413220/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377870/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Interestingly, the Mediterranean diet may have a special interaction with the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene. One study of 507 patients with metabolic syndrome suggests that those with the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype in rs1800629 may benefit most from the triglyceride-lowering effect of this diet [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24753491"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Garlic</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of 16 clinical trials found that garlic (taken as supplements) reduced the blood levels of TNF-alpha and other cytokines. In a small trial on 22 healthy volunteers, eating a fried tomato sauce with onion and garlic lowered this and other inflammatory markers. The authors attributed the effects not only to tomato&rsquo;s lycopene, but also to the other ingredients of the sauce [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30949665"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520770/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Garlic extract and its active compounds reduced lung inflammation and damage in mice with acute lung injury, thus helping prevent its development into ARDS [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28711511">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22353229">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31991372">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32070920">R</a>].</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Vitamin D</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As mentioned earlier, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> plays an important role in the immune system and the development of ARDS.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For those that do not get enough vitamin D through sun exposure and diet, supplements may be needed to avoid deficiencies.</span></p> <h4><strong>Zinc</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similar to vitamin D, the immune system needs enough </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/literally-everything-wanted-know-zinc-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">zinc</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in order to function properly. Even a mild deficiency can impair immune function and increase the risk of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5490603/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to some estimates, zinc deficiency contributes to about 16% of lower respiratory infections [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5490603/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A number of studies also suggest that zinc helps to control TNF-alpha levels in the body [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3407988/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17785857"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514808"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Omega-3 Fatty Acids</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several studies suggest that </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/omega-3-fatty-acids-coronavirus/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">omega-3 fatty acids may improve lung function</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, primarily by reducing inflammation in the airways [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6533751/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25572556"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30703574"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Importantly, 2 meta-analyses concluded that omega-3 supplementation is beneficial to improve ARDS symptoms and reduce its death rate [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30703574"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5984323/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, a study of 642 people with asthma found that higher EPA and DHA levels were associated with a reduced risk of airway hyperreactivity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6338947/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research shows that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids can also significantly lower TNF-alpha levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023905"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29981570"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Curcumin</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, the active ingredient of turmeric, is a potent anti-inflammatory that may help suppress TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594223"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723087"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study in mice found that curcumin helps reduce inflammation and lung damage in mice with ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23437361"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although studies have not been performed in humans yet, curcumin is an exciting candidate for future research.</span></p> <h4><strong>Asian Ginseng</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Animal and cell studies indicate that </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ginseng/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Asian ginseng</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> has anti-inflammatory effects due to its ability to decrease the production of many different cytokines, TNF-alpha included [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6260618/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a review of 12 studies involving 1,560 COPD patients, Asian ginseng may improve quality of life and lung function. It also enhanced the effectiveness of drug treatment [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21146973"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a trial of 227 people, those who took 100 mg of a ginseng extract (G115) were less likely to catch a cold or flu. The ginseng group also had higher levels of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/intro-natural-killer-cells-increase-decrease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NK cell</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> activity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879982"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Andrographis</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-12-scientific-benefits-of-andrographis-paniculata-including-dosage-safety-and-side-effects/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Andrographis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is an herb that is commonly used in traditional Chinese and ayurvedic medicine.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There&rsquo;s some evidence that the compounds inside this plant can block the production of TNF-alpha as well as reverse its effects [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28676833"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22026410"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29672044"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of 33 trials with over 7k people suggests that andrographis can help reduce the severity and duration of respiratory infections. There are also promising studies looking into the effects of andrographis in people with pneumonia [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544222/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6442483/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Clinical research proposes that many types of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a1probiotics-good-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">probiotics</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may significantly reduce proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31340751"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25609654"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Probiotic supplements, including </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. casei</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, have been found to reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infections [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4979858/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504972"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>NAC</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/nac-top-43-science-based-health-benefits-n-acetyl-cysteine-nac/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NAC (short for N-acetyl cysteine)</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a supplement with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5241507/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is some clinical evidence that supplementation with NAC can help bring down TNF-alpha levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26392121"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In one study of 262 older people, NAC cut the risk of catching the flu by 54% [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9230243"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Doctors often add NAC to standard treatments for respiratory inflammation and infections. It helps break down mucus and replenish </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/30-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-glutathione/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glutathione</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in the lungs, thus reducing airway damage and breathing difficulties [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968500"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28122105"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507333"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">NAC improved lung function and reduced </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/oxidative-stress-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">oxidative stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), alone or in combination with </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/need-know-vitamin-c-32-science-based-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin C</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and oxygen [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27117852"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23348146"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16298736"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In two trials of 159 people with ARDS, intravenous NAC improved oxygen supply and reduced the ventilator use. It also reduced lung injury in one trial but not in another. Further research is warranted [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8275731"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9459113"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Selenium</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Selenium supplementation reduced TNF-alpha levels in 2 clinical trials on 40 women with gestational diabetes and 82 elderly people vaccinated against the flu. Brazilian nut, a rich source of selenium, had similar effects in 40 hemodialysis patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28528475"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5381341/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24504745"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a clinical trial on 40 people admitted to the ICU with ARDS, intravenous </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-selenium/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">selenium </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">restored the antioxidant capacity of the lungs, reduced the inflammatory responses, and improved lung function. However, it did not affect the survival or duration of mechanical ventilation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30001171"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Black Cumin Seed</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Both the seeds and the oil of black cumin reduced the levels of TNF-alpha and other inflammatory markers in 2 clinical trials on 84 obese women and 43 people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27678438"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31126557"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The boiled extract of black seeds improved breathing and lung function, reducing the need for inhalers, in a study of 40 chemical war victims who had breathing difficulties [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18991514"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In animal studies, black seed extract prevented lung inflammation and damage caused by a chemotherapeutic drug (bleomycin), sulfur mustard gas, and hydrochloric acid [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5987441/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18432455"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801826"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19428057"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Whether this means that black cumin may help prevent ARDS too deserves further research.</span></p>
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137 | content_learn_more_3613295312473512_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your TNF gene is somewhat associated with higher rates of ARDS and other related respiratory conditions. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall lung health — just one gene related to it. Certain lifestyle changes, diets, and supplements can help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs361525,rs1800629,rs1800750,rs1800630
rsStatus = rs361525,TNF,chr6,31575324,G,A,,,6,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1800629,TNF,chr6,31575254,G,A,,,9,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1800630,LTA,chr6,31574699,C,A,G,,4,0,Normal
