151 | id == 151
151 | category_id == 17
151 | category_order == 14
151 | category_name == Respiratory Health
151 | category_color == #C47AC0
151 | slug == MYD88-inflammation-ARDS
151 | title == Genetic Factor for Lung Failure and Inflammation (MYD88)
151 | meta_description == MYD88 codes for a protein that activates NF-kB and controls inflammation. Learn its link with acute lung failure.
151 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The MYD88 gene codes for a protein that enables the activation of NF-kB, a master inflammation controller. Can a variant in this gene protect you against acute lung failure and how? Read on to discover.</strong></p>
151 | overall_score_text == Your Respiratory Complications Score (Based on MYD88 Gene)
151 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/MyD88--ARDS-not-illumina-nor-V5.jpg
151 | author_id == 9
151 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
151 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
151 | author_order == 45
151 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
151 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
151 | reviewer == None
151 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
151 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
151 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
151 | publish_date == 2020
151 | publish_date == 4
151 | publish_date == 14
151 | avg_rating == 4.0
151 | tags_id == 348
151 | tags_name == ARDS
151 | tags_id == 347
151 | tags_name == Cytokine Storm
151 | tags_id == 24
151 | tags_name == Inflammation
151 | tags_id == 290
151 | tags_name == Mediterranean diet
151 | tags_id == 374
151 | tags_name == MYD88 gene
151 | tags_id == 353
151 | tags_name == NAC
151 | tags_id == 369
151 | tags_name == NF-κB
151 | tags_id == 350
151 | tags_name == Respiratory Health
151 | tags_id == 243
151 | tags_name == Smoking
151 | tags_id == 373
151 | tags_name == Vitamin C
151 | permissions_favorite == False
151 | permissions_rate == False
151 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you suspect you may have an infection, seek medical help immediately. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. In addition, any genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at an increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <h2><strong>What is MYD88?</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/gene/myd88/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">MYD88</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene (Myeloid differentiation primary response 88) codes for a protein with central roles in the immune response and inflammation. MyD88 enables the communication between toll-like receptors (TLR) and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/nuclear-factor-kappa-b/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NF-&kappa;B</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, the master regulator of inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519780/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many cytokines and other molecules drive inflammatory responses, and NF-kB is a transcription factor that controls their levels. Triggers such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/63-factors-raising-stress-cortisol-level-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, free radicals, and pathogens activate NF&ndash;&kappa;B via TLRs, resulting in inflammation as a defense mechanism [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18029230"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">MyD88 enables the described pathway and is highly involved in the immune response to pathogens and other threats [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27314522/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27109786/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">MYD88 codes for a protein that enables the activation of NF-kB, the master regulator of inflammation.</span></p> <h2><strong>MyD88, Inflammation, and Lung Failure</strong></h2> <h3><strong>ARDS</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a sudden lung failure caused by blood poisoning (sepsis), severe pneumonia, or other critical conditions. Most ARDS patients require urgent supportive care in the intensive care unit (ICU) to avoid a fatal outcome [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28157386/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26759013/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24584519/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Uncontrolled inflammation caused by excessive cytokine release is the hallmark of ARDS. The stimulation of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-and-decrease-white-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">white blood cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can cause a so-called cytokine storm and do more damage than the infection itself [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757701/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26895644/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381687"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176007/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32192578"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">ARDS is a severe, often fatal complication of blood poisoning or respiratory diseases. It occurs due to the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.</span></p> <h3><strong>The Role of MyD88</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The cascade </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/gene/tlr4/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TLR4</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&mdash;&gt;MyD88&mdash;&gt;NF-kB results in increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-1b</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-6</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/il-8/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-8</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/writers-office/article/tnf-longevity-86"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></a><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">-a</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. They have a protective role against microbial infections, but excess levels can sometimes cause more harm than good [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23186691/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452629/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As mentioned, ARDS is one of the conditions caused by uncontrolled inflammation. The above cytokines strongly correlate with ARDS rates and severity, making MyD88 a double-edged sword [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7587434"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8810593"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In animal experiments, activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB pathway increased lung permeability, swelling, and inflammation and thus contributed to ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5841028/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">By increasing inflammatory cytokines, MyD88 protects the body against pathogens. However, excess levels may contribute to uncontrolled inflammation, which is the hallmark of ARDS.</span></p> <h2><strong>MYD88 Variant and ARDS Protection</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The critical role of MYD88 in inflammatory has led scientists to investigate the link between SNPs in this gene and ARDS susceptibility.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A Chinese trial of 600 patients observed a protective role of one variant, </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/snp/rs7744/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs7744</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. People with the &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele had lower ARDS rates and 2-month mortality. This genetic influence was significant only among patients under 60 years of age [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617146/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The same allele was associated with a better response to anti-TNF drug treatment, suggesting its potential anti-inflammatory effects [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448286"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">One MYD88 variant, rs7744-G, may be associated with lower ARDS rates and mortality.</span></p> <h3><strong>Limitations</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The link between rs7744 and ARDS remains limited to one Chinese study; take the results with caution until there&rsquo;s more research on the topic.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, the same allele that is protective for ARDS was associated with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ulcerative colitis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and mortality from a blood infection in two other studies. The exact impact of this variant on inflammatory responses is not fully understood and requires further investigation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6463255/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189845/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>How It Works</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele at rs7744 may change the part of the MYD88 gene that codes for a protein. This phenomenon is known as &ldquo;alternative splicing&rdquo; and results in different protein forms coded by the same gene [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12538665/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4360811/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to some research, the alternative of MyD88 may suppress TLR4 instead of activating it, which results in lower inflammation and may protect against ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4853215/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2193806/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The above mechanism may explain the protective effects of rs7744-G against ARDS, despite the fact it increased MyD88 expression. However, the link between this allele and inflammatory conditions, such as ulcerative colitis, points to other factors we have yet to discover [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189845/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189845/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">This variant may produce an alternative form of MyD88, which suppresses the TLR4/NF-kB pathway instead of activating it.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your MYD88 Results for Respiratory Complications</strong></h2> <p>*9826959524309643*</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary and Table</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p><strong>MYD88 </strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/snp/rs7744/"><strong>rs7744</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = associated with lower rates and mortality of acute lung failure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = not associated with acute lung failure</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Population Frequency</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Around 27% of European descendants carry at least one copy of the &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele. It&rsquo;s much more common in East Asian (55%) and much less common in African (5%) populations.</span></p> <p>*6518518382967877*&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Support Immunity and Lung Health</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*3829919986098409*</p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Refrain From Smoking</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking spikes lung inflammation via the TLR4/Myd88 pathway, which makes it even worse for people who lack the protective effect of rs7744-G [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5221624/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18204136"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Avoiding cigarette smoke is one of the best things you can do to improve overall and respiratory health. Smoking can increase the risk of developing ARDS, as this condition may arise as a complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23978096"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Whether you are concerned about ARDS or not, giving up smoking is always a good idea to improve your overall health and wellbeing.</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Refrain from smoking to reduce NF-kB, improve overall health, and prevent respiratory complications.</span></p> <h4><strong>Improve Sleep Quality</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-sleep/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sleep</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> deprivation and impaired </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/what-it-means-to-keep-to-a-circadian-rhythm/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">circadian rhythm</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can contribute to NF-kB-associated inflammation and suppress immunity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863972/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17316404"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Adequate sleep strengthens the immune response and reduces inflammation. Multiple studies have linked poor </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/methods-to-fall-asleep-insomniac/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sleep quality</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> with an increased incidence of respiratory infections [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29746692"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31099836"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23099140/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4899278/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Exercise in Moderation</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Moderate </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can combat inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 pathway [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588067/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6821652/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise and physical fitness improve the immune response and help fight off respiratory infections [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12165677"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20581713"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21041243"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, for robust immunity, it's important not to push too hard; periods of intense physical training may contribute to windows of lower resistance and predispose to upper respiratory tract infections [</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254618301005"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1320353/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In simple terms, getting and staying fit but not overtaxing yourself could help prevent infections [</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254618301005"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Moderate exercise can inhibit the TLR4/MyD88 pathway and help prevent respiratory infections.</span></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Mediterranean Diet</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Different components of a healthy, balanced diet help suppress NF-kB and inflammatory cytokines. These include:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Flavonoids from fruits and vegetables [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2946888/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15946255"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18958421"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/need-know-vitamin-c-32-science-based-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and minerals such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/literally-everything-wanted-know-zinc-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">zinc</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/21-proven-science-based-reasons-magnesium-amazing-including-drawbacks/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">magnesium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2012/05/18/jimmunol.1101765.full.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12878048"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11120850"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fish and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/olive-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">olive oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12388359"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Herbs and spices (turmeric, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/benefits-rosemary/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rosemary</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, basil) [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659827"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Avoiding refined sugar and foods with a high glycemic index [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525252"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mediterranean diet has all of the above features and well-known anti-inflammatory effects. It&rsquo;s rich in fruits, vegetables, olive oil, herbs, and spices, with moderate intakes of fish and meat [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22085595"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Eating a Mediterranean diet may enhance immunity in people with chronic inflammatory diseases and improve lung function in smokers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4443792/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6881294/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The Mediterranean diet can suppress NF-kB, improve lung function, and reduce the risk factors for respiratory infections.</span></p> <h4><strong>Garlic</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Garlic extracts may reduce NF-&kappa;B activation in human blood [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12840173"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of 120 people, aged </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/garlic-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">garlic </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">extract reduced the severity of colds and the flu. It increased the number of immune cells (T cells and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/intro-natural-killer-cells-increase-decrease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NK cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">), thus boosting the immune system while lowering inflammatory proteins (cytokines) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22280901"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19588383"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another clinical trial on 146 healthy volunteers found that taking an allicin-containing garlic supplement every day helped prevent the common </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/12-reasons-embrace-cold/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cold</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and reduce its duration [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11697022"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Garlic may reduce NF-kB activity and help with different respiratory infections.</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Vitamin C</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/oxidative-stress-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Oxidative stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a potent stimulant of NF-kB-mediated inflammation. </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/need-know-vitamin-c-32-science-based-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can partly reverse this effect by inhibiting MyD88 and NF-kB [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11120850"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12390026"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4026433/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C is a crucial antioxidant that protects the lungs and helps fight viral infections. A study on over 1,500 women associated high vitamin C intake with a reduced incidence of upper respiratory tract infections [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4363347/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2099400/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rmv.303"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5707683/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28074891"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In over 19,000 men, high blood vitamin C levels correlated with a reduced incidence of different respiratory conditions, including chronic respiratory disease, pneumonia, and lung cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30705384"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C decreased the death rate but failed to reduce lung inflammation and failure in 167 people with ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31573637"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of 5 studies found that intravenous vitamin C may reduce the need for mechanical ventilation in the critically ill [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6196621/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that can suppress NF-kB and MyD88, support immunity, and help prevent lung failure.</span></p> <h4><strong>NAC</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">N-acetylcysteine or </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-25-science-based-health-benefits-n-acetyl-cysteine-nac/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NAC</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is another crucial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. It can lower lung inflammation by targeting TRL4 and NF-kB. In one clinical study, it produced the same effects in patients with sepsis (critical blood infection), which is a major cause of ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10788610"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242830"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28271166"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605526"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 262 older people, NAC cut the risk of catching the flu by 54%. It also reduced the replication of the flu virus in cell-based studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9230243"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19732754"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Doctors often add NAC to standard treatments for respiratory inflammation and infections. It helps break down mucus and replenish </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/30-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-glutathione/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glutathione</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in the lungs, thus reducing airway damage and breathing difficulties [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968500"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28122105"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507333"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It improved lung function and reduced oxidative stress in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), both alone or in combination with vitamin C and oxygen [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27117852"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23348146"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16298736"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 3 trials on 159 people with ARDS, intravenous NAC improved oxygen supply and reduced ventilator use. It also reduced lung injury in one of them [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1617983/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8275731/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9228372/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, NAC treatment for 72 hours was ineffective at both improving oxygen supply and reducing ventilator use in another trial on 42 people [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9459113"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">NAC may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs, prevent tissue damage, and improve oxygen supply.</span></p> <h4><strong>Melatonin</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Melatonin also reduces inflammation by blocking TLR4 and MyD88. This results in a decreased&nbsp; activation of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/nuclear-factor-kappa-b/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NF-kB</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8747536/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29701146"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In two clinical trials of 200 preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome, supplementation with melatonin reduced the levels of some inflammatory and oxidative markers that seem associated with this condition (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and nitrite/nitrate) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15066049"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15168319"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This condition is different from ARDS despite having a similar name and also causing labored breathing. Thus, we can&rsquo;t presume the same benefits for ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/respiratory-distress-syndrome"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Melatonin relieved acute lung injury and prevented its progression to ARDS in rats and mice by blocking </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/gene/NLRP3/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NLRP3</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26888116"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25491480"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28370493"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In rats with ventilator-induced injuries, a compound that activates the same receptor as melatonin (ramelteon) reduced lung inflammation and swelling by increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/il-10/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-10</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7059294/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Melatonin may suppress lung inflammation by blocking MyD88 and potentially help with respiratory complications.</span></p> <h4><strong>Licorice Root</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/licorice/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Licorice root</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is praised for its sweet taste, as well as potent anti-inflammatory action. It may compensate for the lack of genetic protection by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 pathway [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17259331"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19455572"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6495270/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to research in animals and cells, licorice root may have antiviral activity against different viruses, including those that cause the flu and lower respiratory tract infections [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22905423"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC163749/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23643542"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of 46 children with respiratory tract infections found that an herbal mixture containing licorice root may be able to reduce coughing and awakenings during the night [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6448545/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 70 patients with a chronic cough, licorice pastille (a type of candy) significantly reduced coughing compared to placebo [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32147070"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In mice, both its active compound glycyrrhizin and its flavonoids prevented the development of acute lung injury into ARDS by reducing inflammation and platelet response. However, we can't discuss the potential benefits in the lack of clinical evidence [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7106081/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531684/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19071231"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Licorice is a sweet, anti-inflammatory herb that may inhibit MyD88 and reduce coughing and lung inflammation.</span></p>
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151 | content_learn_more_6518518382967877_text == Based on the variant we looked at, your MYD88 gene is not associated with lower rates of acute lung failure (ARDS). Even though you lack the protective effect, this doesn’t mean you are more prone to ARDS. Refrain from smoking, practice the Mediterranean diet, and consider taking certain supplements to improve your immunity and lung function. Keep reading for more details.
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rsIDs = rs7744
rsStatus = rs7744,MYD88,chr3,38142530,A,G,T,,35,0,Normal
