162 | id == 162
162 | category_id == 17
162 | category_order == 14
162 | category_name == Respiratory Health
162 | category_color == #C47AC0
162 | slug == SELPLG-ARDS
162 | title == Does This Inflammation Gene Influence Susceptibility to Lung Failure? (SELPLG)
162 | meta_description == SELPLG plays a key role in the inflammatory response and certain variants may affect the risk of lung failure. Learn more here!
162 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The SELPLG gene plays a key role in the inflammatory response. Individuals carrying certain variants of SELPLG may be more prone to inflammation, resulting in a potentially higher risk of lung failure. Find out who may be affected and strategies to protect the lungs.</strong></p>
162 | overall_score_text == Lung Health Score (Based On SELPLG Gene)
162 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/SELFPLG--ARDS-not-axiom.jpg
162 | author_id == 8
162 | author_name == Mathew Eng
162 | author_title == PharmD
162 | author_order == 40
162 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Mathew.jpg
162 | author_intro == <p><strong>Mathew received his PharmD from the University of Hawaii and an undergraduate degree in Biology from the University of Washington.</strong></p>    <p>Mathew is a licensed pharmacist with clinical experience in oncology, infectious disease, and diabetes management. He has a passion for personalized patient care and believes that education is essential to living a healthy life. His goal is to motivate individuals to find ways to manage their chronic conditions.</p>
162 | reviewer == None
162 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
162 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
162 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
162 | publish_date == 2020
162 | publish_date == 4
162 | publish_date == 18
162 | avg_rating == 5.0
162 | tags_id == 348
162 | tags_name == ARDS
162 | tags_id == 24
162 | tags_name == Inflammation
162 | tags_id == 336
162 | tags_name == Respiratory Infection
162 | tags_id == 394
162 | tags_name == SELPLG Gene
162 | permissions_favorite == False
162 | permissions_rate == False
162 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you suspect you may have any kind of infection, seek medical help immediately. Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. In addition, any single genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <h2><strong>The <em>SELPLG</em> Gene</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SELPLG </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene is responsible for creating </span><strong>PSGL-1</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a protein found on the surface of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-and-decrease-white-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">white blood cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that plays an important role in the body&rsquo;s inflammatory response [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28262471"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When blood vessels become inflamed, they express a protein called P-selectin. The PSGL-1 protein can attach to P-selectin, which leads to a buildup of white blood cells in the inflamed area [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28262471"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">PSGL-1 can also block the development of </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/treg/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">T-cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28262471"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is some evidence that individuals carrying certain variants of the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SELPLG</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene may be more susceptible to a lung condition called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6005557/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SELPLG</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene creates a protein called PSGL-1, which plays a role in the inflammation process. Variations in </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SELPLG</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> have been linked to a lung condition called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).</span></span></p> <h2><strong><em>SELPLG</em> &amp; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)</strong></h2> <h3><strong>What Is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a sudden lung failure caused by blood poisoning (sepsis), severe pneumonia, or other critical conditions. Most ARDS patients require urgent supportive care in the intensive care unit (ICU) to avoid a fatal outcome [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28157386/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26759013/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24584519/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Uncontrolled inflammation caused by excessive cytokine release is the hallmark of ARDS. The stimulation of white blood cells can cause a so-called cytokine storm and do more damage than the infection itself [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757701/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26895644/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381687"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176007/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32192578"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of lung failure resulting from severe inflammation of the lungs. Causes include respiratory infections and other critical conditions.</span></p> <h3><strong>How Do Variants Of <em>SELPLG</em> Affect ARDS?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research suggests that certain variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SELPLG</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are linked to lung health and susceptibility to ARDS.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a study of nearly 1,400 individuals with African or European ancestry, </span><strong>variants that increase the expression of </strong><strong><em>SELPLG</em></strong><strong> may lead to greater inflammation and a higher risk of ARDS</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6005557/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On the other hand, </span><strong>variants that block the expression of </strong><strong><em>SELPLG</em></strong><strong> are linked to lower inflammation and may decrease susceptibility to ARDS</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6005557/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele at rs2228315 is associated with greater expression of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SELPLG</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and a higher risk of developing ARDS in those with African ancestry, but not in European populations [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6005557/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The same study found that the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele at rs61729674 and the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele at rs7300972 may inactivate the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SELPLG</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene, resulting in a protective effect against ARDS in those with European ancestry [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6005557/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SELPLG</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants that increase gene expression may result in greater inflammation and a higher risk of ARDS, while variants that decrease expression may have a protective effect against ARDS.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your SELPLG Results for ARDS</strong></h2> <p>*3953896084302828*</p> <p><strong>Primary SNPs:&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong>SELPLG rs2228315</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with risk of ARDS</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with a </span><strong>higher</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> risk of developing ARDS</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This association was only found in African populations</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Only about 5% of people have the &lsquo;TT&rsquo; genotype (highest risk)</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>SELPLG rs61729674</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with risk of ARDS</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with a </span><strong>lower</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> risk of developing ARDS</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This association was only found in European populations</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Only about 2% of people have the &lsquo;AA&rsquo; genotype (highest risk)</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>SELPLG rs7300972</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Not associated with risk of ARDS</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with a </span><strong>lower</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> risk of developing ARDS</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This association was only found in European populations</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Only about 3% of people have the &lsquo;CC&rsquo; genotype (highest risk)</span></li> </ul> <p>*8797007326814794*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Lung Health</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*1195870057880772*</p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Regular Exercise</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research shows that certain types of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">physical activity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can help to reduce levels of P-selectin, the protein that PSGL-1 attaches to that promotes </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-and-decrease-white-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">white blood cell</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> accumulation and inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063453/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a scientific review of 28 different studies, low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise lowers P-selectin in the body [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063453/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers also found that high-intensity aerobic exercise causes a temporary spike in P-selectin, while resistance exercise appears to have no effect regardless of intensity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063453/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise also improves lung capacity and may help improve outcomes in those that develop ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818249/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This is because ARDS often leads to muscle weakness, which then lowers long-term survival chances for those that end up recovering from ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594312/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research suggests that ARDS patients who are physically active are more likely to live longer and have better quality of life [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4630552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594312/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Low-to-moderate aerobic exercise may reduce P-selectin, the protein that PSGL-1 attaches to that promotes white blood cell accumulation and inflammation. Regular physical activity also improves lung health and may reduce the risk of respiratory conditions, like ARDS.</span></p> <h4><strong>Weight Management</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several clinical studies demonstrate that obesity and metabolic syndrome are closely linked to inflammatory compounds, including P-selectin levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11854119/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22716219/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of 56 obese women found that those who lost 10% of their body weight over a 1-year period had significantly lower levels of P-selectin compared to where they started [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11854119/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies also indicate that obesity is a strong risk factor for ARDS. Those who are overweight are much more likely to develop this respiratory condition [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435141/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27684705"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">A healthy weight can keep P-selectin levels in check and reduce the risk of developing ARDS.</span></p> <h4><strong>Wear Blue Blocking Glasses at Night</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/melatonin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Melatonin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is known for its role in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-sleep/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sleep</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, but it also has important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31283051"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11268363"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research in animals suggests that melatonin may also lower the activity of P-selectin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749565"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10626602"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In animal studies, supplementation with melatonin was associated with lower rates of lung injury, sepsis, and ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26888116"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25491480"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28370493"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A good way to boost melatonin is to wear blue light blocking glasses at night, which helps the body produce melatonin.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">According to animal studies, melatonin may lower rates of lung injury, sepsis, and ARDS.</span></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Avoid High-Fat Diets</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Foods that are high in fats and </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/triglycerides/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">triglycerides</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can cause a sharp rise in P-selectin. In fact, a single high-fat meal can increase levels by up to 40% [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5393932/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9568742/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Animal studies also show that high-fat diets may cause the lungs to be more susceptible to injury [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31287803"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Mediterranean Diet and Olive Oil</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research shows that the Mediterranean diet has multiple health benefits, including a significant reduction in inflammatory factors [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055759/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11412051"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17126767"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of 164 participants, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/olive-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">extra virgin olive oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> decreased P-selectin levels by nearly 30% [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055759/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This diet has also been associated with improved lung health, especially in smokers. A study of 207 smokers found that those eating a Mediterranean diet had better lung function than those on a Western diet [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5123418/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413220/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377870/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil is associated with significantly lower P-selectin levels and better lung function.</span></p> <h4><strong>Vitamin C</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/need-know-vitamin-c-32-science-based-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> plays an important role in the immune system. Deficiencies have been linked to inflammation and potentially increased risk for infections [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099763"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study looking at mice with sepsis, vitamin C injections helped bring down P-selectin levels and improved overall survival [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28661424"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C is also a crucial antioxidant that protects the lungs and helps fight viral infections [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4363347/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2099400/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rmv.303"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2538426/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5707683/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A comprehensive meta-analysis gathered the data from 44 trials on vitamin C for the common cold and came to the following conclusions for preventive supplementation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440782"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">It doesn&rsquo;t lower the risk in adults</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">It cuts the risk in half in people exposed to intense exercise</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">It reduces the cold duration by 8% in adults and 14-18% in children</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">It decreases the severity of colds in all populations</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis investigated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on pneumonia prevention (2,335 patients) and treatment (197 patients).</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to their results, preventive supplementation may reduce the incidence of pneumonia by 80%. When it comes to treatment, vitamin C may reduce the duration, severity, and mortality of pneumonia. That said, the authors emphasized the poor quality of most included studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23925826/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Make sure to get enough vitamin C in the diet &mdash; it can reduce P-selectin levels while also potentially reducing the severity and risk of viral infections.</span></p> <h4><strong>Selenium</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-selenium/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Selenium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is an essential mineral that is important for many functions in the body, including the immune system [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of 20 patients with asthma found that supplementation with selenium reduced the expression of P-selectin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12061080"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of 40 people linked selenium deficiency with flu infection and pneumonia. In another study on 83 people with respiratory diseases, those with low selenium levels had worse outcomes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3576630/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999709/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In contrast, a study of almost 500 people associated high blood selenium levels with good lung function (measured as high FEV1) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16015272"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some of the best food sources of selenium include Brazil nuts, tuna, halibut, and sardines [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Selenium deficiency is associated with viral infections and poor outcomes. Make sure to get enough of this essential mineral by incorporating seafood or Brazil nuts into the diet.</span></p> <h4><strong>Garlic</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Certain compounds inside </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/garlic-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">garlic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may suppress the expression of P-selectin, according to cell studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19807156"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of 120 people, aged garlic extract reduced the severity of colds and the flu. It increased the number of immune cells (T cells and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/intro-natural-killer-cells-increase-decrease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NK cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">), thus boosting the immune system while lowering inflammatory proteins (cytokines) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22280901"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19588383"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The latest analysis, however, failed to find any other studies with good quality. Overall, the evidence is insufficient to claim that garlic can prevent or fight the cold and flu [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465033/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Importantly, have in mind that cooked garlic is less potent than raw garlic because its main active compound (allicin) is broken down by heat [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10594976"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074326/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0701/p103.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Garlic may suppress P-selectin expression. Some studies also suggest that garlic may help prevent or reduce the severity of viral infections, but overall the evidence is inconclusive.</span></p> <h4><strong>Dietary Polyphenols</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Polyphenols are antioxidant compounds naturally found in many plants. Some foods that contain polyphenols include red berries, apples, oranges, vegetables, olive oil, dark chocolate, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">green tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, coffee, and red wine.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One cell study found that a polyphenol extract obtained from </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/everything-need-know-grapeseed-extract-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">grape seeds</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can significantly reduce the expression of P-selectin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21958130"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Various polyphenols have also been found to act directly against viruses and to boost the immune system of people who consume them in large quantities [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863266/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266803/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In one study, healthcare workers who consumed large quantities of catechins (a type of polyphenol found in green tea) were less likely to develop respiratory tract infections than those who did not [</span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/1/4/htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">There is some evidence that dietary polyphenols can help reduce P-selectin expression while also lowering susceptibility to respiratory tract infections.</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study in rats found that a specific </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/probiotics-good-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">probiotic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> strain called </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lactobacillus reuteri </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">helped block P-selectin expression while also reducing inflammation in the colon [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19147805"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Probiotic supplements including different species of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lactobacillus </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(</span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-casei/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. casei</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-paracasei/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. paracasei</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-delbrueckii/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. delbrueckii</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-rhamnosus/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. rhamnosus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-l-plantarum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. plantarum</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-acidophilus/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. acidophilus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-gasseri/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. gasseri</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bifidobacterium </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(</span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/b-animalis/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">B</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">animalis</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/b-bifidum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">B. bifidum</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) reduced the incidence and duration of respiratory tract infections in multiple studies on both adults [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26821116"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30954261"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/28848330/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5290054/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112326/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926507"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26821116"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504972"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943997/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16636989"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">] and children [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4979858/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430686"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4351422/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6597592/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537784/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26031908"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841539"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Probiotics have been suggested to work by correcting imbalances in the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-your-gut-microbiota-can-make-you-fat-or-thin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">gut microbiota</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that cause an impaired immune system [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6597592/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Research suggests that probiotics may reduce inflammation and decrease the incidence and duration of respiratory tract infections.</span></p> <h4><strong>Curcumin</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, the main active ingredient in turmeric, decreases P-selectin expression, according to animal and cell studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2919812/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18565277"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In mice with acute lung injury caused by severe bacterial infections, curcumin (either injected, as a nose spray, or directly delivered into the lungs) prevented its progression to ARDS by reducing lung inflammation, swelling, and damage [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056776"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31530014"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460792"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488693/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25526714"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A recent study in mice suggested that curcumin protects from ARDS in part by promoting the development of anti-inflammatory </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/treg/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tregs</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32004976"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">According to animal studies, curcumin supplementation may suppress P-selectin expression, reduce lung inflammation, and prevent the progression of ARDS.</span></p> <h4><strong>Resveratrol</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cellular studies show that </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-15-scientific-health-benefits-of-resveratrol-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">resveratrol</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may reduce the expression of P-selectin and PSGL-1 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28910974"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In rats and mice, resveratrol and derivative compounds reduced lung injury, inflammation, cytokine storm, and tissue scarring, and prevented the development of ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26833708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4663353/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6850919/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25234611"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Ginseng</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ginseng/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Asian ginseng</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, also known as Chinese or Korean ginseng, may be able to decrease the expression of P-selectin, according to cell studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5223082/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An active compound isolated from ginseng (ginsenoside </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/gene/rb1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rb1</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) reduced inflammation, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/oxidative-stress-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">oxidative stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and cell death in mice with lung injury, thus preventing its progression to ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31059756"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32171710"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p>
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162 | content_learn_more_8797007326814794_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your SELPLG gene is somewhat associated with higher rates of ARDS. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall lung health — just one gene related to it. Certain lifestyle, diet, and supplement choices can help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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