169 | id == 169
169 | category_id == 16
169 | category_order == 13
169 | category_name == Gut Health
169 | category_color == #C47AC0
169 | slug == HLA-DQA1-B1-gluten-celiac-disease
169 | title == The Key Genetic Factor for Celiac Disease (HLA-DQ)
169 | meta_description == HLA-DQ variants code for immune receptors responsible for gluten intolerance. Click to see if you carry them.
169 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>HLA-DQA1</em> belongs to the group of genes with crucial roles in inflammation and autoimmunity. One variant in this gene has a robust association with celiac disease&mdash;do you carry it?</strong></p>
169 | overall_score_text == Your Celiac Disease Score (Based on HLA-DQ Genes)
169 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/HLA-DQA1--Gut-Inflammation-Celiac-disease---all-chips.jpg
169 | author_id == 9
169 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
169 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
169 | author_order == 45
169 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
169 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
169 | reviewer == None
169 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
169 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
169 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
169 | publish_date == 2020
169 | publish_date == 5
169 | publish_date == 2
169 | avg_rating == 5.0
169 | tags_id == 33
169 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
169 | tags_id == 249
169 | tags_name == Black cumin
169 | tags_id == 404
169 | tags_name == Celiac disease
169 | tags_id == 62
169 | tags_name == Dietary Sensitivity
169 | tags_id == 330
169 | tags_name == Food Intolerance
169 | tags_id == 212
169 | tags_name == Gluten
169 | tags_id == 403
169 | tags_name == HLA-DQA1 gene
169 | tags_id == 24
169 | tags_name == Inflammation
169 | tags_id == 328
169 | tags_name == Lactose Intolerance
169 | tags_id == 32
169 | tags_name == Lectins
169 | tags_id == 246
169 | tags_name == Probiotics
169 | tags_id == 232
169 | tags_name == Vitamin D
169 | permissions_favorite == False
169 | permissions_rate == False
169 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you have any serious health concerns related to digestive issues, it is important to discuss them with your doctor. The information in this post is presented for educational purposes only, and should not be used to replace standard medical care.</span></em></p> <h2><strong>HLA-DQ in the Immune Response</strong></h2> <h3><strong>The HLA System</strong></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">human leukocyte antigen</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">system is a group of human genes encoding HLA proteins. These proteins are also referred to as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. HLAs are receptors, found on the surface of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-and-decrease-white-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">white blood cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. They help flag and remove agents that may harm the body or cause infections. These harmful agents are known as antigens [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/HLA-B"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> genes come in many different forms, and there are millions of possible </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">combinations. Their diversity ensures protection against a wide array of external threats, but it can be a double-edged sword: </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variants correlate with different autoimmune disorders [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748415/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647156/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The <em>HLA </em>system encodes receptors that help flag and remove external threats from our bodies. These genes have a well-known connection with different autoimmune disorders.</span></p> <h3><strong>HLA-DQ</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The HLA system has three groups or classes; HLA-DQ belongs to class II. These receptors present outside peptides (antigens) to T-helper cells. Upon this signal, T-helpers stimulate B cells to make antibodies to specific antigens, which attack and neutralize them [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2493721"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/gene/hla-dqa1/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA-DQA1</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene codes for an alpha subunit of one such receptor. Along with a beta subunit, encoded by </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/gene/hla-dqb1/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA-DQB1</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, it forms a so-called DQ(&alpha;&beta;) heterodimer to present foreign proteins to the immune system [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3117"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/hla-dqa1-antigen"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><strong>Celiac Disease and Gluten Intolerance</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Celiac disease is an immune gut disorder in which gluten, a protein found in most grains, damages the small intestine. The immune cells recognize gluten as a threat and trigger an aggressive inflammatory response, usually causing digestive issues and malabsorption [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5437500/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352220"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gluten intolerance is a condition in which the body can&rsquo;t digest gluten well. It results in similar digestive symptoms, but, unlike celiac disease, it may not cause inflammation or damage the gut [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6182669/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Most people with celiac disease can manage the symptoms by following a strict gluten-free diet.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Celiac disease is a disorder in which the immune system causes inflammation and damages the small intestine in response to gluten, a protein found in most grains.</span></p> <h3><strong>The Link With HLA-DQ</strong></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scientists were able to confirm a direct role in celiac disease development for </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA-DQA1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA-DQB1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> genes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2909659/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17629515/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Different alleles in these genes can produce different types of HLA-DQ structures. The </span><strong>DQ2</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> type (especially the DQ2.5 subtype) is present in up to 98% of celiac disease patients, depending on the population. That is among the strongest known links to autoimmunity in the entire HLA system [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2274985/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2189170/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Still, the DQ2 structure is common among healthy people, indicating that other genetic and environmental factors also play a role in CD development [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17558408/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16766754/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. For example, the <strong>DQ8 receptor</strong> is the second most common type among gluten-intolerant people [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737358/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149591/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">R</a>].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Specific alleles in the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes encode DQ2 and DQ8 receptors, present in the vast majority of celiac disease patients.</span></p> <h2><strong>HLA-DQ Variants and Celiac Disease Susceptibility</strong></h2> <h3><strong>DQ2.5</strong></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scientists have identified a variant that marks DQ2.5, responsible for most celiac disease cases: the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele at </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs2187668/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs2187668</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2274985/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of over 27,000 subjects identified this SNP as the primary genetic factor for celiac disease. People carrying the "T" allele had over six times higher chances of being diagnosed with celiac disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847618/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A smaller trial of 889 participants came to a similar conclusion [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2274985/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene region has been associated with other autoimmune conditions, including:</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lupus [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4628859/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827949"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Autoimmune hepatitis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24768677"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple sclerosis [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9748020"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Graves&rsquo; disease [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8096501"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Type 1 diabetes [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10525659"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The "T" allele at rs2187668 marks DQ2.5; people with this allele may have over six times higher rates of celiac disease.</span></p> <h3><strong>DQ8</strong></h3> <p>The HLA-DQ8 type is the second most common in celiac disease patients. Most patients carry both DQ2.5 and DQ8, but DQ8 may help identify additional patients negative for DQ2.5 [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737358/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">R</a>].</p> <p>Researchers found an SNP that marks DQ8 with great precision: <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs7454108/">rs7454108</a>. People with the "C" allele almost certainly carried this HLA receptor type [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386975/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">R</a>].</p> <h3><strong>How It Works</strong></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Two alleles &mdash; DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 &mdash; form the DQ2.5 haplotype, which codes for the DQ2.5 receptor on white blood cells. The DQ2.5 receptor binds gluten and presents it to T-helper cells, initiating widespread gut inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1972714"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC209453/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, the DQ2.5 haplotype may increase DQ2.5 receptor expression, further contributing to inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8359659"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs2187668-A serves as a genetic marker &mdash; it tags the DQ2.5 haplotype with high precision. In other words, the vast majority of people with the "A" allele will have this haplotype and thus be predisposed to celiac disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2274985/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The alleles DQA1*03 and DQB1*0302 form the <strong>DQ8 haplotype</strong>, coding for the second most common HLA receptor activated by dietary gluten. Carriers of the "C" allele at rs7454108 likely have this haplotype, which may put them at risk of celiac disease [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386975/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">R</a>].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The DQ2.5 receptor, marked by rs2187668-A, presents gluten peptides to the immune cells, which may trigger widespread gut inflammation. The DQ8 receptor, marked by rs7454108-C, can cause a similar reaction but to a lesser extent.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your HLA-DQ Results for Celiac Disease</strong></h2> <p>*6402336645755178*</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary and Table</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p><strong><em>HLA-DQA1/B1</em></strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/snp/rs2187668/"><strong>rs2187668</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = not associated with celiac disease</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = associated with significantly higher rates of celiac disease</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Population Frequency</em>: Around 20% of European descendants carry the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele; its frequency in other populations is 10-15%.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Other Important SNPs:</strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong><em>HLA-DQA1/B1 </em><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs7454108/">rs7454108</a></strong></span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = not associated with celiac disease</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = associated with higher rates of celiac disease</span></li> </ul> <p>*2409254285633457*</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Population Frequency</em>: Unavailable</span></p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Boost Gut Health</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*8138510308451741*</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Gluten-free Diet</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. Most people can successfully manage their symptoms by avoiding gluten. This protein is present in the following grains and their products [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6267495/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Wheat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rye</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Spelt</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Barley</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Triticale</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you don't have celiac disease but you are experiencing digestive issues, it makes sense to take gluten out of your diet and see if your symptoms improve.</span></p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Avoid Lectins and Dairy</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dietary lectins may worsen inflammation in people sensitive to them. For example, lectins contributed to autoimmunity in one study with rheumatoid arthritis patients. Lectins can also increase the expression of HLA class II molecules, potentially worsening the effect of your variant [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115436/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Elimination diets, such as the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/elimination-diet-safest-foods-people-sensitive-everything/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lectin Avoidance Diet</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, may help identify and remove common food irritants &mdash; such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/lectins-beneficial-harmful/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lectins</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, gluten, and dairy &mdash; that may be worsening autoimmunity in sensitive individuals [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599185"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5647120/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. More research is needed to clarify the possible connection between lectins and autoimmunity in humans.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gut damage and inflammation in celiac disease may cause temporary lactose intolerance. Such patients may need to avoid dairy until their gut lining recovers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15775678"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Certain dietary compounds, such as lectins and dairy, may contribute to HLA-associated inflammation in people with celiac disease. Elimination diets may help identify these food sensitivities, although their therapeutic potential is not well-researched.</span></p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Increase Zinc Intake</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Zinc deficiency may contribute to inflammation by stimulating HLA class II molecules [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425307/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Patients with undiagnosed and untreated celiac disease often lack zinc and other nutrients due to impaired absorption [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24195595"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">On the other hand, a gluten-free diet also bears a risk of zinc deficiency. In an extensive review of 73 studies, 40% of people on a gluten-free diet had zinc deficiency [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6681258/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some of the best food sources of zinc include meat, seafood (especially oysters), and seeds [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Celiac disease patients are often zinc-deficient. In turn, the lack of this mineral may worsen inflammation by stimulating HLA class II molecules.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some research has suggested that </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">UV light</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and vitamin D have beneficial effects on autoimmunity by suppressing HLA class II inflammatory molecules [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603567/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3626364/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6047889/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16046118"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Moderate </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sun exposure</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is the best way to get natural UV light and vitamin D, which both help suppress inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566188/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20635942"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin D deficiency and subsequent bone issues are common in celiac disease patients, so it&rsquo;s crucial to get enough of this nutrient [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640651/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21210250"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Sun exposure may suppress HLA-related inflammation and provide vitamin D, which is essential to celiac disease patients.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a small trial of 21 subjects, probiotic supplementation was able to reduce </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">HLA-DQA1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> expression [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6181139/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to some authors, gut microbiome disturbance is one of the mechanisms by which the HLA-DQ2 haplotype contributes to celiac disease. It's associated with fewer </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bifidobacterium</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> strains and more harmful strains such as </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Clostridium, Bacteroides</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Enterobacteria</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24939571"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6316269/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine may worsen celiac disease and hinder gut recovery [</span><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352220"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Probiotic (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bifidobacterium spp.</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) supplementation in patients with celiac disease has yielded mixed results. In one trial, it improved the symptoms but did not reduce immunological markers. In another trial, probiotic supplementation only improved lab markers of inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23314670"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24774670"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 109 patients with celiac disease and IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), a mixture of probiotic strains significantly improved IBS symptoms [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6382041/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Microbiome disturbance plays a role in celiac disease. Probiotic supplementation may help, but the results are inconclusive.</span></p>
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169 | content_learn_more_2409254285633457_text ==  Based on the variants we looked at, your HLA-DQ genes are associated with slightly higher rates of celiac disease. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of celiac disease, just one gene related to it. Avoid gluten and other food irritants, get more sunlight, and follow other gene-based tips to reduce your gut inflammation. Keep reading to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs7454108,rs2187668
rsStatus = rs7454108,,chr6,32713706,T,C,,,7,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs2187668,HLA-DQA1,chr6,32638107,C,T,,,0,0,Unknown
