173 | id == 173
173 | category_id == 16
173 | category_order == 13
173 | category_name == Gut Health
173 | category_color == #C47AC0
173 | slug == JAK2-IBD
173 | title == Can this Gene Contribute to Inflammatory Bowel Disease? (JAK2)
173 | meta_description == JAK2 activates the development of immune cells and may contribute to gut inflammation. Learn where your variants stand here.
173 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The JAK2 gene encodes a protein that stimulates the development of immune cells. Its activity may also worsen gut inflammation in people with IBD. Read below to learn more about this gene and whether your variant may contribute to gut inflammation.</strong><br />  &nbsp;</p>
173 | overall_score_text == Inflammatory Bowel Disease Score (based on JAK2)
173 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/JAK2--Gut-Crohns---all-chips.jpg
173 | author_id == 12
173 | author_name == Carlos Tello
173 | author_title == PhD
173 | author_order == 55
173 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/CarlosTello.webp
173 | author_intro == <p><strong>Carlos received his PhD and MS from the Universidad de Sevilla.</strong></p>    <p>Carlos spent 9 years in the laboratory investigating mineral transport in plants. He then started working as a freelancer, mainly in science writing, editing, and consulting. Carlos is passionate about learning the mechanisms behind biological processes and communicating science to both academic and non-academic audiences. He strongly believes that scientific literacy is crucial to maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid falling for scams.</p>
173 | author_social_media_name == linkedin
173 | author_social_media_icon == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/social-icon/linkedin.png
173 | author_social_order == 1
173 | author_social_link == https://www.linkedin.com/in/carlos-tello-lacal-b946b4a7/
173 | reviewer == None
173 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
173 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
173 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
173 | publish_date == 2020
173 | publish_date == 5
173 | publish_date == 4
173 | avg_rating == 4.666666666666667
173 | tags_id == 195
173 | tags_name == Crohn's Disease
173 | tags_id == 194
173 | tags_name == Gut Health
173 | tags_id == 308
173 | tags_name == Gut Inflammation
173 | tags_id == 73
173 | tags_name == IBD
173 | tags_id == 24
173 | tags_name == Inflammation
173 | tags_id == 409
173 | tags_name == JAK2 gene
173 | tags_id == 196
173 | tags_name == Ulcerative Colitis
173 | permissions_favorite == False
173 | permissions_rate == False
173 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you suspect you may have digestive issues, seek medical help immediately. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. In addition, any single genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <h2><strong>What Is the <em>JAK2 </em>Gene?</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/jak2/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">JAK2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes a protein called </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;Janus kinase 2&rsquo; </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(JAK2). Members of the JAK family activate STAT (&lsquo;</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Signal transducer and activator of transcription&rsquo;</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) proteins in response to cytokines [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499974/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">JAK2 recognizes the signal of different cytokines, including IL-6, IL-11, </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/gene/IL12a/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-12</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, IL-22, and </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/gene/il23r/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-23</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. The subsequent activation of STAT proteins turns &ldquo;on&rdquo; the expression of multiple genes, especially those involved in the growth, development, and activation of the immune system cells that fight off infections [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1219691/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5554575/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499974/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12023369/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>What Is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation and sores in the gut lining, which can result in diarrhea, abdominal </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/23-ways-to-combat-pain-naturally-by-increasing-your-opioids/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">pain</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, fatigue, fever, rectal bleeding, nutritional deficiencies, and weight loss [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3980998/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/crohns-disease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Crohn&rsquo;s disease</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ulcerative colitis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are the most frequently diagnosed subtypes of IBD. Both conditions share some features but differ in the regions affected:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Crohn's may affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract, but mostly the ileum (lower part of the small intestine). It involves ulcerations of all cell layers of the gut lining [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4622286/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ulcerative colitis typically affects the colon and rectum. It causes the inflammation of the mucosal layer (innermost cell layer) of the gut [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30837080"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The cause of IBD lies in a complex interplay of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">genetic and environmental factors</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106026/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>JAK2 Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammatory responses mediated by T cells play a key role in the onset and progression of IBD. Traditionally, Crohn&rsquo;s disease has been associated with </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-people-th1-dominant/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th1</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> cells while ulcerative colitis typically shows a </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-people-th2-dominant/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th2</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> cytokine profile. More recently, the </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/th17/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th17</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> response has been related to both types of IBD [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23827161"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19592695"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">By activating STAT proteins, JAK2 can help produce Th1 cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006974"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Most importantly, JAK2 activates </span><a href="../article/stat3-inflammatory-bowel-disease-70"><span style="font-weight: 400;">STAT3</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in response to IL-23. This stimulates the development of Th17 cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines by </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-and-decrease-white-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">white blood cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (macrophages and dendritic cells), thus contributing to gut inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675137/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385239"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Polymorphisms increasing the activity of this pathway have been associated with IBD in multiple studies, with the combination of different variants having an additive effect [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27852544"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269120"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3870108/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, a study found that an overactive </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">JAK2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variant alters the barrier function of the gut lining. This has been suggested to make the gut leakier to infectious bacteria and inflammatory cytokines, further worsening inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22065112"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">JAK2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes a protein required to activate the development and function of immune cells in response to cytokines. This normally helps fight off infections but can worsen inflammation in people with IBD.</span></span></p> <h2><strong><em>JAK2 </em>Variants and Inflammatory Bowel Disease</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The most widely-studied </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">JAK2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">polymorphism is </span><a href="../../snp/rs10758669/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs10758669</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Its minor variant &lsquo;C&rsquo; increases the production and activity of the JAK2 protein, leading to an enhanced immune response [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5127452/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant was first identified as a Crohn&rsquo;s susceptibility allele in a study on almost 12,000 European descendants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2574810/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similar results were obtained in 3 studies on almost 700 New Zealanders, over 1,200 Germans, over 1,000 Hungarians, and 315 Turks [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20109474"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22065112"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269120"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27852544"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The variant was also associated with childhood-onset Crohn&rsquo;s in a Canadian study on almost 1,200 children [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20473688"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, a Japanese study of almost 8,000 adults failed to replicate this association. Since this was also the case for some other variants linked to Crohn&rsquo;s in European studies, the authors concluded that the genetics of Crohn&rsquo;s susceptibility differs between European and Japanese populations [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23388546"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the case of ulcerative colitis, the association seems independent of the genetic background. Studies in British, Hungarian, Lithuanian-Latvian, Korean, Japanese, and Turkish populations linked the &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant to this condition [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675137/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269120"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23974994"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21831733"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511034"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19915573"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27852544"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nevertheless, the German study previously mentioned associated this polymorphism with Crohn&rsquo;s disease but not with ulcerative colitis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22065112"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of 11 studies and almost 17,000 people concluded that the &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant of rs10758669 is associated with both Crohn&rsquo;s disease and ulcerative colitis, especially in Caucasian populations [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385239"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">JAK2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variant with increased production and activity of the protein is associated with both Crohn&rsquo;s disease and ulcerative colitis, especially in Caucasian populations.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your <em>JAK2 </em>Results for Inflammatory Bowel Disease</strong></h2> <p>*1736078359879840*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary and Table</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP: </strong><strong><em>JAK2 </em></strong><strong>rs10758669</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Not associated with IBD.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with both Crohn&rsquo;s disease and ulcerative colitis.</span></li> </ul> <h3><strong>Population Frequency</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele is the most common one and approximately 88% of the world population carries at least one copy. Although few people are &lsquo;CC&rsquo;, being heterozygous for this polymorphism is relatively common (40% globally).</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant is particularly rare in African descendants (only 2% of &lsquo;CC&rsquo;) and slightly more common in people with American and South Asian ancestry.</span></p> <p>*7282534250780572*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Strategies that May Improve Your Inflammatory Bowel Disease</strong></h2> <p>*4517177166645063*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Low-FODMAP Diet</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">FODMAPs are a group of carbohydrates identified as some of the prime irritants in IBD. FODMAPs is a catchy acronym that stands for </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">F</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">ermentable </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">O</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">ligosaccharides, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">D</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">isaccharides, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">M</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">onosaccharides, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">A</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">nd </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">P</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">olyols, such as [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28244679"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843040/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3388522/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fructose</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lactose</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fructans and galactans</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Galacto-oligosaccharides</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Polyols (sugar alcohols)</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some experts recommend a low-FODMAP diet to help control the symptoms of ulcerative colitis and Crohn&rsquo;s disease.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Specific oligosaccharides can increase the expression of IL-23 in the gut and thus worsen the impact of your variants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743503/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In rats, eating a high-fructose diet causes inflammation and tissue scarring in the liver in part by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27261609"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30568253"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For more about the low-FODMAP diet, check out</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/fodmap-diet/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">this post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> on how it works and</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/fodmap-food-list/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">this post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> on which foods are included.</span></p> <h4><strong>Omega-3 Fatty Acids</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">High intake of </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-22-science-based-health-benefits-of-fish-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">omega-3s</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> from fish (EPA and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-22-science-based-health-benefits-of-fish-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">DHA</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) may be protective against the development of IBD, especially ulcerative colitis. In the case of Crohn&rsquo;s disease, they seem to help prevent it and keep it in remission, but it&rsquo;s unclear whether they can improve the symptoms once the condition has developed and progressed [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29543869"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6153885/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700845/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, meta-analyses concluded that further, higher-quality research is needed before omega-3s can be recommended as a complementary strategy to manage IBD [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564531/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22591898/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In rats, supplementation with omega-3s blocked the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and other inflammatory pathways [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6777667/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids especially include fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, herrings, and tuna.</span></p> <h4><strong>Green Tea</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a small clinical trial on 20 people with ulcerative colitis, a commercial extract with the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">green tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> polyphenol </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">epigallocatechin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gallate (Polyphenon E) helped improve the symptoms and maintain remission. Green tea and its polyphenols were similarly effective in multiple studies of animals with colitis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23846486"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30935522"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In two mice studies, green tea polyphenols reduced inflammation by specifically blocking the JAK2/STAT3 pathway [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29773105"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6834190/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Epigallocatechin gallate also improved pouchitis, a complication that may occur in ulcerative colitis patients after the surgical removal of the colon, in a pilot trial on 9 people [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28929216"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Avoiding FODMAPs, eating fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and drinking green tea may help control IBD and reduce JAK2 activity.</span></p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Managing Stress</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Psychological </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/63-factors-raising-stress-cortisol-level-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> has well-known detrimental effects on gut health and inflammation. It raises gut permeability and the levels of different inflammatory cytokines [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470617/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6262626/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In mice with IBD, stress worsened gut inflammation by increasing the production of cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, a JAK2 inhibitor suppressed the production of chemokines, suggesting it helps prevent </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/neutrophils/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">neutrophils</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> from building up in the gut [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5879702/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27133786"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many people with IBD develop </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-anxiety/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">anxiety</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-depression/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">depression</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> associated with their debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, psychological stress may worsen the symptoms of IBD. Because of this potential feedback loop, many doctors emphasize the importance of managing the mental health of IBD patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774724/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28245757"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678997/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572298/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Giving Up Smoking</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking is clearly associated with an increased incidence of Crohn&rsquo;s disease, while its effects on ulcerative colitis are less evident &mdash; this condition seems to be more common among former smokers but </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">less </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">among people who currently smoke [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17120402"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a cell-based study, cigarette smoke increased the production of both JAK2 and STAT3 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537973"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Properly managing stress and giving up smoking helps with gut inflammation and may reduce JAK2 activity.</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with IBD often have impaired </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/gut-bacteria-microbiome/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">gut microbiome</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which may worsen their disease. In a meta-analysis, a blended</span> <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/probiotics-good-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">probiotic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> containing</span> <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/l-plantarum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lactobacillus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/b-longum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bifidobacterium</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> strains increased remission rates by 1.7x in ulcerative colitis patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24280877"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These two strains were beneficial in different trials with ulcerative colitis patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24280877"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507864"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15984978"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19174792"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In cells, pretreatment with different </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lactobacillus </span></em><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/probiotics-good-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">probiotics</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-l-plantarum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. plantarum</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-rhamnosus/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. rhamnosus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-acidophilus/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. acidophilus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) blocked JAK2 activation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20136974"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with IBD may have alterations in their </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/gut-bacteria-microbiome/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">gut bacteria</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that result in lower production of </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-butyrate-derivatives-sodium-butyrate-phenylbutyrate-trybutyrine-butyric-acid-butyrate-prodrugs-butyrate-producing-bacteria/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">butyrate</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a short-chain fatty acid that preserves the ability of the gut lining to take up nutrients while blocking the absorption of microbes and their toxic products [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31498864"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5636678/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Butyrate blocked different JAK2 signaling pathways in cells. In mice with ulcerative colitis, butyrate reduced tissue damage and the production of JAK2 and STAT3 in the colon [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14517348"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6987075/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The potential benefits of butyrate can be obtained by taking probiotics that restore the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-your-gut-microbiota-can-make-you-fat-or-thin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">gut microbiota</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or supplementing with sodium butyrate.</span></p> <h4><strong>Resveratrol</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-15-scientific-health-benefits-of-resveratrol-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resveratrol </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">is an antioxidant polyphenol very abundant in red wine and claimed to be responsible for its purported benefits [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12010007"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplementation with 500 mg/day resveratrol for 6 weeks improved disease severity and quality of life by reducing inflammation and oxidative damage in 2 clinical trials on 106 people with ulcerative colitis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664491"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26002728"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of over 400,000 men associated a high dietary intake of polyphenols, including resveratrol, with a lower incidence of Crohn&rsquo;s disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28837515"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resveratrol reduced intestinal inflammation and tissue damage while restoring the barrier function and microbiota of the gut in multiple studies of animals with IBD [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30897248"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30426751"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31825043"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31730734"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22029500"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20637373"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19228061"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This compound specifically blocked JAK2 in obese mice with osteoarthritis and white blood cells (macrophages). A synthetic resveratrol derivative improved IBD and other inflammatory conditions by targeting JAK2 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31881177"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21189227"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24144632"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Curcumin</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is the active ingredient of turmeric with potent anti-inflammatory effects [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594223"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple clinical trials have produced promising results for curcumin in IBD, and further research is currently underway. Similarly, a supplement with curcumin, green tea, and </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-selenium/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">selenium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> improved mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis in a trial on 20 people [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29957091"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6514688/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6153885/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5784533/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In mice with IBD, dietary curcumin improved injuries and reduced the activation of JAK2 and STAT3 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5122716/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin also blocked the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in animals with other conditions that cause inflammatory and oxidative damage [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/28810635/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933926/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4658870/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Andrographis</strong></h4> <p><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-12-scientific-benefits-of-andrographis-paniculata-including-dosage-safety-and-side-effects/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Andrographis paniculata</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, known as the &ldquo;King of</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/herbal-bitters/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Bitters</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rdquo;, is traditionally used in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. It may improve the symptoms of ulcerative colitis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23292349"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In two clinical trials, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-12-scientific-benefits-of-andrographis-paniculata-including-dosage-safety-and-side-effects/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">andrographolide</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, the active ingredient in andrographis, improved ulcerative colitis by suppressing the IL-23/</span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/th17/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-17</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> axis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5835811/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29749556"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Taking 1,200 - 1,800 mg andrographis daily for 8 weeks reduced the symptoms of mild-to-moderate colitis in adults, with the 1,800 mg dose being more effective. However, it did not affect remission rates any more than placebo [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3538174/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Berberine</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/berberine-19-health-benefits-of-berberine-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Berberine </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">is a compound found in several different plants, including barberry (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Berberis</span></em> <em><span style="font-weight: 400;">vulgaris</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">), oregon grape (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mahonia</span></em> <em><span style="font-weight: 400;">aquifolium</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">), goldenseal (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hydrastis</span></em> <em><span style="font-weight: 400;">canadensis</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">), and Chinese goldthread (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Coptis</span></em> <em><span style="font-weight: 400;">chinensis</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">). It has a 3000-year history of use in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6111450/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a phase I trial on 16 people with ulcerative colitis, berberine (900 mg/day as an add-on to mesalamine) reduced gut tissue damage [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31619442"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Berberine also improved IBD and prevented it from developing into cancer in animal studies by reducing inflammation and oxidative damage, restoring gut barrier function and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/how-your-gut-microbiota-can-make-you-fat-or-thin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">microbiota</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and regulating the development of T cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30743078"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26224047"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5991375/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5450762/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31867696"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28759012"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, berberine reduced JAK2 activity in mice with colitis and diabetic rats [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4671595/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012485"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Rhodiola</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/rhodiola/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rhodiola</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a flowering plant from very cold regions whose root is mainly used for its potential cognitive and physical benefits [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378318"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Its component </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">salidroside decreased inflammation by preventing the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in animal studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5865961/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27085677"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This compound also reduced gut inflammation in mice with IBD [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901016/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31401159"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Licorice</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/licorice/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Licorice </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">has many components with promising health benefits. It has been used in herbal and folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Licorice extract and two active compounds from this herb reduced gut inflammation and prevented its development into cancer in mice and rats with IBD. In one of the studies, licorice flavonoids reduced the levels of both JAK2 and STAT3 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6138317/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2276918/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037654/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Preliminary research suggests that probiotics, resveratrol, curcumin, andrographis, berberine, rhodiola, and licorice may help with IBD in part by reducing JAK2 activity.</span></p> <h3><strong>Drugs</strong></h3> <h4><strong>JAK Inhibitors</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Given the role of JAK proteins in several diseases such as bone marrow cancer (myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia), lymph node cancer (Hodgkin lymphoma), psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic kidney disease, and lupus, the development of drugs that block their activity is a promising therapeutic strategy [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263442"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28622623"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5927969/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26800231"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28199814"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6212720/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30043749"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tofacitinib is the only JAK inhibitor approved for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, with proven effectiveness at helping reduce the symptoms and maintain remission. Although it targets mainly JAK1 and JAK3, tofacitinib can also inhibit JAK2 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22894574/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=Gastroenterology&amp;title=Efficacy+and+Safety+of+Oral+Tofacitinib+As+Induction+Therapy+in+Patients+With+Moderate+to+Severe+Ulcerative+Colitis:+Results+From+Two+Phase+3+Randomized+Controlled+Trials&amp;author=W+Sandborn&amp;author=BE+Sands&amp;author=GR+D%E2%80%99Haens&amp;author=S+Vermeire&amp;author=S+Schreiber&amp;volume=150&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;pages=S157&amp;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28467869/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6168198/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Because its effects in trials on people with Crohn&rsquo;s disease were modest, tofacitinib is not approved for this condition [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24480677/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=Gastroenterology&amp;title=Efficacy+and+Safety+of+Tofacitinib+for+Oral+Induction+Therapy+in+Patients+With+Moderate+to+Severe+Crohn%E2%80%99s+Disease:+Results+of+a+Phase+2B+Randomized+Placebo-Controlled+Trial&amp;author=J+Pan%C3%A9s&amp;author=W+Sandborn&amp;author=S+Schreiber&amp;author=BE+Sands&amp;author=S+Vermeire&amp;volume=150&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;pages=S182-183&amp;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5532457/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The JAK2 inhibitors cibinetide and ruxolitinib have only been tested against IBD in animals, showing good anti-inflammatory results in both cases [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5638901/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6162142/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">A drug that preferentially targets JAK1 and JAK3 (tofacitinib) is approved for ulcerative colitis. JAK2 inhibitors are currently being investigated against IBD.</span></p>
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173 | content_learn_more_1736078359879840_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your JAK2 gene is associated with higher IBD rates. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of IBD, just one gene related to it. Avoiding stress, smoking, and FODMAP-rich foods while taking omega-3 fatty acids, green tea, and supplements may reduce gut inflammation. Keep reading to learn more.
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