18 | id == 18
18 | category_id == 6
18 | category_order == 4
18 | category_name == Thyroid
18 | category_color == #C47AC0
18 | slug == low-thyroid-DIO1
18 | title == A Gene That Activates Thyroid Hormones (DIO1)
18 | meta_description == One DIO1 variant correlates with levels of active thyroid hormones. Check your genes and learn more about this connection.
18 | summary == <p><strong>Scientists have identified one DIO1 variant associated with the levels of T3,&nbsp;an active&nbsp;thyroid hormone. Read on to check your DIO1 gene and get tailored recommendations to support the thyroid.</strong></p>
18 | overall_score_text == Thyroid Score (based on DIO1 gene)
18 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/Do-You-Have-Low-Thyroid-Hormones-Because-of-Your-Genes-DIO1_JPG.jpg
18 | author_id == 9
18 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
18 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
18 | author_order == 45
18 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
18 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
18 | reviewer_id == 1
18 | reviewer_name == Jasmine Foster
18 | reviewer_title == BSc, BEd
18 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
18 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
18 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
18 | publish_date == 2019
18 | publish_date == 8
18 | publish_date == 20
18 | avg_rating == 5.0
18 | tags_id == 42
18 | tags_name == DIO1 Gene
18 | tags_id == 43
18 | tags_name == Hypothyroidism
18 | tags_id == 44
18 | tags_name == Selenium
18 | tags_id == 41
18 | tags_name == Thyroid
18 | permissions_favorite == False
18 | permissions_rate == False
18 | content_article == <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">What do Low Thyroid Hormones Look Like?</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The typical symptoms of low thyroid hormones or </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/low-thyroid-hormones-low-t3-syndrome/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">hypothyroidism</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> include [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425758/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cold intolerance</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dry skin</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Weight gain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fatigue</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Constipation</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thyroid issues top the list of endocrine disorders, with around 20 million Americans being affected [</span><a href="https://www.thyroid.org/media-main/press-room/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Levothyroxine (synthetic T4)&nbsp; for hypothyroidism is the second most prescribed drug in the US [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6025009/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lab Tests</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Doctors usually test </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/thyroid-hormones-t4t3/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">T4</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/thyroid-stimulating-hormone/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TSH</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to diagnose hypothyroidism. Low thyroid hormones lead to a compensatory increase in TSH, which stimulates the thyroid to produce more [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279600/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As you are about to see, total and free T3 levels can also be crucial for making the right diagnosis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5113291/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Genetics</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Do genetics play a role in this thyroid disease "epidemic?" Given that genetic mutations account for up to 50-90% of thyroid hormone variations, the answer is yes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086088"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Different genes impact the production, release, and metabolism of thyroid hormones and may thus correlate with thyroid disorders.</span></p> <p><span style="display: block; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; padding: 20px; background-color: #e8ebfc;">Hypothyroidism manifests with cold intolerance, weight gain, and fatigue. Suggested lab tests are TSH, T3, and T4. Different genes are associated with thyroid hormone variations and related disorders.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">HapMap Data Underlines One DIO1 Variant</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">*3496719019838004*</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Out of various genes that impact thyroid health, a study published in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> focused on </span><a href="../../gene/dio1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">DIO1</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (deiodinase 1), a gene that controls the activation of thyroid hormones.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Based on the data from over 3,000 individuals, the researchers identified one variant, </span><a href="../../snp/rs2235544/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs2235544</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, that correlates with thyroid hormones. More precisely, carriers of the &ldquo;C&rdquo; allele have higher levels of T3, which is the active form [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515080/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies have identified another variant in the same gene, </span><a href="../../snp/rs11206244/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs11206244</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, but its effects are less significant and stem from a correlation with the SNP mentioned above [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515080/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17105838"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="display: block; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; padding: 20px; background-color: #e8ebfc;">DIO1 (deiodinase 1) gene controls the activation of thyroid hormones. In one clinical trial, carriers of the &ldquo;C&rdquo; allele on rs2235544 had higher levels of the active form, T3.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">How It Works</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The DIO1 gene encodes an enzyme that converts T4 (thyroxine) to T3 (triiodothyronine), the active thyroid hormone. DIO1 is also involved in the degradation of both T3 and T4. Less DIO1 means less T3 and more T4, resulting in a lower activity of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/thyroid-hormones-t4t3/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">thyroid hormones</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1733"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">DIO1 requires a complex of </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-selenium/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">selenium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/nac-top-25-science-based-health-benefits-n-acetyl-cysteine-nac/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cysteine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> for its optimal function, which makes it a so-called selenoenzyme [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4115520/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399395"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4115520/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Carriers of the "C" allele on </span><a href="../../snp/rs2235544/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs2235544</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> have increased expression of DIO1, which may increase the activity of thyroid hormones [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515080/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3219766/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="display: block; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; padding: 20px; background-color: #e8ebfc;">DIO1 encodes a selenium-dependent enzyme that converts T4 to active T3. The &ldquo;C&rdquo; allele on rs2235544 boosts the expression of DIO1, and it's associated with higher T3 levels.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your DIO1 Results for Hypothyroidism</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">*3496719019838004*</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNP Summary</span></h3> <p><a href="../../gene/dio1/"><strong>DIO1</strong></a> <a href="../../snp/rs2235544/"><strong>rs2235544</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515080/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = normal DIO1 activity and T3 levels</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = more active DIO1, correlates with higher T3 levels</span></li> </ul> <p>*8304819037076685*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations to Improve Thyroid Health</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even if you don't have the protective allele, specific dietary and lifestyle changes may enhance DIO1 activity. Keep in mind, however, that thyroid health depends on a multitude of factors, and this gene is just one piece of the puzzle.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">That's one of the reasons you should consult with your doctor before making any major changes in your diet, lifestyle, or supplement regime.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">*6969342210037495*</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lifestyle &amp; Health Conditions</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Environmental toxins such as pesticides, bisphenol-A, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/heavy-metals-detox/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">heavy metals</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and flame retardants can prevent thyroid hormone activation by inhibiting DIO1. This may be one of the reasons for thyroid disorder epidemics in today&rsquo;s industrialized world [</span><a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8437/1d2bc88cbb1d5f1e3d0949fcc257dd7aa1b9.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Try your best to avoid the above toxins in order to optimize your thyroid health.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Conditions that can suppress DIO1 include [</span><a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8437/1d2bc88cbb1d5f1e3d0949fcc257dd7aa1b9.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/63-factors-raising-stress-cortisol-level-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stress</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-depression/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Depression</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Obesity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/the-root-causes-of-leptin-resistance-and-12-ways-to-reverse-it/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">leptin resistance</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/insulin-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Insulin</span></a><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> resistance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and diabetes</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Low </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/testosterone-will-add/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">testosterone</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in men</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Address any of the above conditions that may be lurking behind thyroid issues.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="display: block; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; padding: 20px; background-color: #e8ebfc;">You can increase DIO1 activity by avoiding toxins such as pesticides, bisphenol-A, and heavy metals. Conditions that suppress DIO1 include stress, depression, obesity, and diabetes.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As mentioned, selenium and cysteine are crucial for DIO1 activity, so you want to pay special attention to these nutrients. In one study, selenium-deficient rats retained only 6-13% of DIO1 activity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8405144"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brazil nuts are loaded with selenium&mdash;a few pieces daily will supply the required amount. You can obtain cysteine from protein-rich foods such as [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2198910/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Meat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chicken</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fish</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Eggs</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Whey</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="display: block; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; padding: 20px; background-color: #e8ebfc;">Consuming enough selenium from Brazil nuts and cysteine from protein-rich foods (such as meat, fish, and eggs) may increase DIO1 activity, but more research is needed to confirm this.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplements</span></h3> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-selenium/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Selenium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0946672X08001375"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-25-science-based-health-benefits-n-acetyl-cysteine-nac/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NAC</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (as a source of cysteine) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4115520/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p>Keep in mind that the above supplements can't replace a balanced diet, and they're not approved for the prevention or treatment of thyroid conditions.</p>
18 | content_snp_table_8304819037076685_key == 8304819037076685
18 | content_snp_table_8304819037076685_blur == True
18 | content_snp_table_8304819037076685_hidden == False
18 | content_learn_more_3496719019838004_key == 3496719019838004
18 | content_learn_more_3496719019838004_blur == True
18 | content_learn_more_3496719019838004_hidden == False
18 | content_learn_more_3496719019838004_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your DIO1 gene correlates with slightly higher T3 levels. Certain factors may help increase DIO1 activity and boost T3 levels even more—keep reading to learn more details.
18 | content_recommendation_6969342210037495_key == 6969342210037495
18 | content_recommendation_6969342210037495_blur == True
18 | content_recommendation_6969342210037495_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs2235544,rs11206244
rsStatus = rs2235544,DIO1,chr1,53909897,C,A,G,T,26,8,HET
rsStatus = rs11206244,DIO1,chr1,53910028,C,T,,,21,9,HET
