183 | id == 183
183 | category_id == 16
183 | category_order == 13
183 | category_name == Gut Health
183 | category_color == #C47AC0
183 | slug == SH2B3-celiac-disease
183 | title == The Link Between Inflammation and Celiac Disease (SH2B3, ATXN2)
183 | meta_description == SH2B3 encodes a protein that controls immunity and inflammation. Two SH2B3 variants correlate with celiac disease.
183 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The SH2B3 gene encodes a protein that controls the antibacterial response and inflammation. Read this post to learn about SH2B3 variants associated with celiac disease, and get gene-based tips.</strong></p>
183 | overall_score_text == Your Celiac Disease Score (based on SH2B3 gene)
183 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/SH2B3--Gut-Inflammation-Celiac-Disease.jpg
183 | author_id == 9
183 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
183 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
183 | author_order == 45
183 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
183 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
183 | reviewer == None
183 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
183 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
183 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
183 | publish_date == 2020
183 | publish_date == 5
183 | publish_date == 11
183 | avg_rating == 5.0
183 | permissions_favorite == False
183 | permissions_rate == False
183 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you suspect you may have digestive issues, seek medical help. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. Any single genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at an increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <table style="width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%;"><strong>Note:</strong>&nbsp;The&nbsp;<em>SH2B3</em>&nbsp;gene is mentioned in SelfDecode&rsquo;s&nbsp;<a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/gene-reports/cardiovascular/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><em>Cardiovascular DNA Wellness Report</em></strong></a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/gene-reports/inflammation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><em>Inflammation DNA Wellness Report</em></strong></a>, along with many other important genes. If you're looking for comprehensive reports that can help you combat inflammation and improve heart health, check them out!</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong><em>SH2B3</em> in Immunity and Inflammation</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/sh2b3/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene codes for </span><strong><em>SH2B adapter protein 3</em></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">. This protein helps regulate an array of essential pathways, including [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SH2B3"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation and the immune response</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Blood cell formation (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">hematopoiesis</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cell growth and migration</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Due to its wide range of functions, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> has considerable significance for human health. Studies have linked its variants with different autoimmune conditions, heart disease, blood disorders, and more [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21723852"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/lookup/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.04887"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>The Role in Celiac Disease</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Celiac disease (CD) is an immune gut disorder in which gluten, a protein found in most grains, damages the small intestine. The immune cells recognize gluten as a threat and trigger an aggressive inflammatory response, usually causing digestive issues and malabsorption [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5437500/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352220"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Most people with celiac disease can manage the symptoms by following a strict gluten-free diet.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scientists are still investigating the exact role of SH2B3 in CD development. This protein helps balance the immune response by reducing the activity of T-cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and various growth factors [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648290/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More precisely, SH2B3 may suppress Th-1 cell response, which is crucial for CD development. It may also prevent autoimmunity by inhibiting the formation of auto-antibodies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26535636"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Autoimmune gut damage triggered by dietary gluten is the hallmark of celiac disease. SH2B3 may have a protective role by suppressing T-cells, inflammatory cytokines, and auto-antibodies.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>SH2B3</em> Variants and Celiac Disease Rates</strong></h2> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rs3184504</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A large meta-analysis of over 24,000 European subjects identified a link between one </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variant and celiac disease (CD). People with the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele at </span><a href="../../snp/rs3184504/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs3184504</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> were 19% more likely to have CD [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3242065/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The authors underlined the robust link with this variant and suggested it might play an actual role in CD development [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3242065/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A Chinese meta-analysis of nearly 37,500 participants yielded similar results [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26535636"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Type 1 diabetes is one of the risk factors for celiac disease. In a trial of 8,676 children, those with rs3184504-T were more likely to have both conditions [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5654393/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4156157/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele at rs3184504 is associated with higher rates of celiac disease across different populations and age groups.</span></p> <h3><strong>Rs653178</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A trial of almost 26,000 European subjects found another SH2B3 variant with a similar CD association: people with the &ldquo;C&rdquo; allele at </span><a href="../../snp/rs653178/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs653178</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> had 20% higher disease rates</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, rs3184504 and rs653178 are almost always inherited together, so they act as a single genetic factor [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847618/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Note</strong>: Some authors attribute this variant to the <a href="../../../gene/atxn2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ATXN2</a> gene. If you see a paper discussing the link between ATXN2 and gluten intolerance, keep in mind it likely refers to the same genetic factor discussed here.</span></p> <h3><strong>Other Conditions</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Besides celiac disease, the above variants correlate with an array of conditions such as:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Heart disease and high blood pressure [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112102/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891673/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diabetes type 1 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150451/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2492393/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648290/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383967/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple sclerosis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508602/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Colon and endometrial cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4664893/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Blood disorders [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29397849"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28641622"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28865245"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h3><strong>How It Works</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Immune Response Control</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In autoimmunity, overactive T cells stimulate the production of self-destructive antibodies. SH2B3 helps prevent this by keeping inflammatory proteins &mdash; such as</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, IL-6, and Th1 cytokines &mdash; in check [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10799879"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4811117/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21723852"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants associated with celiac disease probably reduce the activity of this gene, which then fails to suppress an autoimmune reaction. Further research should clarify the exact mechanisms.</span></p> <h4><strong>Antibacterial Protection</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A study of over 9,000 volunteers found that </span><a href="../../snp/rs3184504/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs3184504</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">-T, which is associated with CD, enhances antibacterial protection. When challenged with bacterial components, white blood cells from the subjects with this variant produced up to 5x times more IL-1b [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3032060/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with this variant may have stronger antibacterial protection, but, on the other hand, excessive gut inflammation can contribute to CD development [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6221985/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The above variants may contribute to excess release of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1b. Researchers are still looking for the exact mechanisms behind this effect.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your <em>SH2B3</em> Results for Celiac Disease</strong></h2> <p>*4368480442253686*</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary and Table</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNPs:</strong></p> <p><strong><em>SH2B3</em></strong> <a href="../../snp/rs3184504/"><strong>rs3184504</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = not associated with celiac disease</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = associated with higher rates of celiac disease</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><em>SH2B3</em></strong> <a href="../../snp/rs653178/"><strong>rs653178</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = not associated with celiac disease&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = associated with higher rates of celiac disease</span></li> </ul> <h4><strong>Population Frequency</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These two variants are almost always inherited together, so they act as a single genetic factor. Around 21% of European descendants carry one copy, and 50% carry both copies of the &ldquo;problematic&rdquo; alleles.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In other populations, these alleles are much less frequent and range from 0.6-13%.</span></p> <p>*6666052751788305*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Improve Gut Health</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*5458364654224674*</p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Elimination Diet</strong></h4> <h5><strong>Gluten</strong></h5> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. Most people can successfully manage their symptoms by avoiding gluten.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This approach may be essential for people with SH2B3 variants, as gluten can spike TNF-alpha and Th1 cytokines in people who don&rsquo;t tolerate it. Th1 cells play a central role in celiac disease development [</span><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p354"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481430/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906370/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This protein is present in the following grains and their products [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6267495/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Wheat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rye</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Spelt</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Barley</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Triticale</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you don't have celiac disease, but you are experiencing digestive issues, consider removing gluten from your diet and see if your symptoms improve.</span></p> <h5><strong>Lectins and Dairy</strong></h5> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dietary </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/lectins-beneficial-harmful/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lectins</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may also worsen inflammation in people sensitive to them. For example, lectins contributed to autoimmunity in one study with rheumatoid arthritis patients. Preliminary research suggests that avoiding lectins may reduce the symptoms of autoimmune conditions in sensitive individuals [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599185"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lectins may stimulate </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and IL-1b production in response to bacterial infections and thus mimic your </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504795"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996585/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15381182"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A trial of 800 people suggested TNF-a levels as a marker for lectin exposure in sensitive people. Additionally, lectins may worsen the impact of your variant by promoting Th1-mediated immunity [</span><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p354"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25887266"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5632806/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25024389"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gut damage and inflammation in celiac disease may cause temporary lactose intolerance. Such patients may need to avoid dairy until their gut lining recovers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15775678"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Elimination diets such as the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/elimination-diet-safest-foods-people-sensitive-everything/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lectin Avoidance Diet</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may help identify and remove common food irritants &mdash; such as lectins, gluten, and dairy &mdash; that may be worsening autoimmunity in sensitive individuals [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599185"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5647120/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Gluten, lectins, and dairy may contribute to inflammation and digestive issues in sensitive people. Elimination diets can help identify and remove common food irritants.</span></p> <h4><strong>Nutritional Yeast</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Beta-glucans and cell wall components from nutritional yeast (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">S. cerevisiae)</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can support the</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/gut-bacteria-microbiome/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gut microbiome</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and help with a range of digestive issues [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30196242"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20224145"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16918875"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20920376"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">They may silence inflammation by reducing TNF-a and IL-1b release in response to bacteria. At the same time, they help remove harmful gut bacteria and support the good ones [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23261364"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8225403"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20926339"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11922109"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nutritional yeast is rich in zinc and different B vitamins, such as [</span><a href="http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US8845403"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/45360902?fgcd=&amp;manu=&amp;format=&amp;count=&amp;max=25&amp;offset=&amp;sort=default&amp;order=asc&amp;qlookup=LARGE+FLAKE+NUTRITIONAL+YEAST%2C+UPC%3A+039978025463&amp;ds=&amp;qt=&amp;qp=&amp;qa=&amp;qn=&amp;q=&amp;ing="><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/16-proven-benefits-vitamin-b9-folate-folic-acid/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Folate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (B9)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/thiamine/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thiamin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (B1)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/riboflavin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Riboflavin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (B2)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-science-based-health-benefits-vitamin-b3-niacin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Niacin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (B3)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/vitamin-b6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pyridoxine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (B6)</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since many celiac disease patients are deficient in B vitamins and zinc, consuming nutritional yeast may be a great way to supply these essential nutrients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24195595"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6681258/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(16)30088-7/fulltext"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><strong>Important:</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Unlike nutritional yeast, grown on </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucose/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glucose</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or molasses, brewer's yeast is usually grown on grains and may contain gluten. There are gluten-free brewer's yeasts, just make sure to check the labels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18217542"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Nutritional yeast can reduce TNF-a and IL-1b release in response to bacteria. It&rsquo;s rich in zinc and B vitamins, which are essential for celiac disease patients.&nbsp;</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Just like beta-glucans, probiotics can suppress the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestines, which cause excess TNF-alpha and IL-1b levels. Two large meta-analyses confirmed the potential of probiotic supplementation to reduce TNF-a [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31060892"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30854594"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gut microbiome disturbance plays a significant role in celiac disease. Most CD patients have fewer </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bifidobacterium</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> strains and more harmful strains such as </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Clostridium, Bacteroides</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Enterobacteria</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6316269/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine may worsen celiac disease and hinder gut recovery [</span><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352220"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Probiotic (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bifidobacterium spp.</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) supplementation in patients with celiac disease has yielded mixed results. In one trial, it improved the symptoms but not immunological markers. In another, it only improved lab markers of inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23314670"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24774670"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Probiotic supplementation may help improve microbiome disturbance and reduce SH2B3-mediated gut inflammation. The beneficial effects on celiac disease are inconclusive.</span></p> <h4><strong>Omega-3</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Long-term supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids from</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/fish-oil-top-22-science-based-health-benefits-of-fish-oil/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">fish oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (EPA + DHA) significantly reduced IL-1b in 174 patients. In a small trial of 9 volunteers, they suppressed both TNF-a and IL-1b [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541548"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2783477"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Omega-3s may also lower the levels of Th1 cytokines, such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma, which may be elevated in people with the discussed variants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22902522"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16266859"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to robust clinical evidence, omega-3s may help with various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions and reduce the need for anti-inflammatory drugs [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12480795"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11802309"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Omega-3 fatty acids can support the gut microbiota, strengthen the intestinal wall, and improve the gut-brain connection. However, studies are yet to investigate their potential in celiac disease patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5751248/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can suppress SH2B3-related cytokines, improve gut health, and help with autoimmunity. Their therapeutic potential in celiac disease is unknown.</span></p>
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183 | content_learn_more_6666052751788305_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your SH2B3 gene is associated with slightly higher rates of celiac disease. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of celiac disease, just one gene related to it. Avoiding gluten and other food irritants may help reduce your gut inflammation. Keep reading to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs653178,rs3184504
rsStatus = rs653178,ATXN2,chr12,111569952,C,G,T,,41,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs3184504,SH2B3,chr12,111446804,T,A,C,G,53,0,Normal
