189 | id == 189
189 | category_id == 16
189 | category_order == 13
189 | category_name == Gut Health
189 | category_color == #C47AC0
189 | slug == ICOS-Celiac-Disease
189 | title == Can This Gene Cause Celiac Disease? (ICOS)
189 | meta_description == The ICOS gene encodes an immune system protein involved in celiac disease and other conditions. Read where your genes stand here
189 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The ICOS gene encodes a protein that contributes to the stimulation of different immune cell types. Its total absence causes immunodeficiency, while variants that may alter its activity are associated with immune conditions, including celiac disease. Read on to learn if your ICOS variants increase your susceptibility to this condition.</strong></p>
189 | overall_score_text == Celiac Disease Score (based on ICOS gene)
189 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/ICOS--Gut-Inflammation-Celiac---all-chips.jpg
189 | author_id == 12
189 | author_name == Carlos Tello
189 | author_title == PhD
189 | author_order == 55
189 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/CarlosTello.webp
189 | author_intro == <p><strong>Carlos received his PhD and MS from the Universidad de Sevilla.</strong></p>    <p>Carlos spent 9 years in the laboratory investigating mineral transport in plants. He then started working as a freelancer, mainly in science writing, editing, and consulting. Carlos is passionate about learning the mechanisms behind biological processes and communicating science to both academic and non-academic audiences. He strongly believes that scientific literacy is crucial to maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid falling for scams.</p>
189 | author_social_media_name == linkedin
189 | author_social_media_icon == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/social-icon/linkedin.png
189 | author_social_order == 1
189 | author_social_link == https://www.linkedin.com/in/carlos-tello-lacal-b946b4a7/
189 | reviewer == None
189 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
189 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
189 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
189 | publish_date == 2020
189 | publish_date == 5
189 | publish_date == 18
189 | avg_rating == 5.0
189 | tags_id == 33
189 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
189 | tags_id == 213
189 | tags_name == Celiac Disease
189 | tags_id == 308
189 | tags_name == Gut Inflammation
189 | tags_id == 441
189 | tags_name == ICOS Gene
189 | tags_id == 442
189 | tags_name == T Cells
189 | permissions_favorite == False
189 | permissions_rate == False
189 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you suspect you may have celiac disease, seek medical help immediately. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. In addition, any single genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <h2><strong>What Is the <em>ICOS </em>Gene?</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/icos/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes a protein also called ICOS, which is short for &lsquo;Immune co-stimulator&rsquo;. As its name implies, ICOS participates in an immune process called &lsquo;co-stimulation&rsquo;. It consists of providing a signal that, together with the presence of an antigen, leads to the full activation of immune cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9930702"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786574/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805188"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">expression is low in resting CD4+ and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/homing-fundamenal-cause-epstein-barr-reactivation/#Top_Supplements_to_Increase_CD8_T_Cells"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD8+ T cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> but is rapidly increased once these cells have been activated. ICOS is involved in multiple key processes of the immune response such as [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9930702/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11046032/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15668466/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Promoting T cell activation and proliferation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11343121/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1780268/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Activating or blocking </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-people-th1-dominant/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th1</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> cell development (depending on the pathogen) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705592/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21337542"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1360312/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12421962"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stimulating the </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-people-th2-dominant/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th2</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> response [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14556978"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15368302"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Promoting the formation and maintenance of memory CD4+ T cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699381/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4736665/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4419347/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stimulating the T cell-dependent production of antibodies (IgG) by B cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11343123/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12833154/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081804/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Promoting the development of </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/treg/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tregs</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815292/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615169/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with a defective </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variant that impairs the production of the protein suffer from a condition with frequent infections called &lsquo;common variable immunodeficiency syndrome&rsquo;. The mutation prevents B cell development and antibody production [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12577056"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507387"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Alternatively, </span><strong>variants with imbalanced (often excessive) ICOS activity</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are associated with immune diseases such as:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Celiac disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2274985/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847618/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20113255"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153842/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lupus [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17000707"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15476242"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Autoimmune hepatitis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27974812"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes a protein that activates several processes of the immune response. People lacking ICOS suffer from immunodeficiency, while overactive variants are associated with some autoimmune disease.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>What Is Celiac Disease?</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Celiac disease is an immune disorder triggered in response to gluten, a protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. The immune cells recognize gluten as a threat and mount an aggressive inflammatory response that damages the small intestine and causes digestive issues and </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/nutrient-deficiencies/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">nutrient deficiencies</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> due to poor absorption [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5437500/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352220"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More specifically, the activation of CD4+ T cells by gluten causes their development into Th1 cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines such as </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/interferon-gamma-how-to-increase-decrease-high-low-levels/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IFN-&gamma;</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/gene/il21/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-21</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481430/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5988122/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1382937/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20571486/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other immune cells such as </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/homing-fundamenal-cause-epstein-barr-reactivation/#Top_Supplements_to_Increase_CD8_T_Cells"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD8+</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/th17/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th17</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> cells can also recognize gluten and trigger inflammation in response to this protein [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594302"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21206487/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>The <em>CELIAC3 </em>Locus and Celiac Disease</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene is located within a region that also contains </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD28 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span><a href="../article/ctla4-thyroid-autoimmunity-82"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CTLA4</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which all belong in the same family. Variants in these three genes are associated with celiac disease and often inherited together. For this reason, the region is often referred to as the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CELIAC3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">locus [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14989710"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16237465"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17767555"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15496203"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD28 is a receptor that stimulates T cell activity and development, which helps ramp up immunity and inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC368131/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">CTLA4 helps block T cell responses and lower inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7882171"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2192609/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Celiac disease is a disorder in which the immune system causes inflammation and damages the small intestine in response to gluten, a protein found in most grains. The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene and nearby </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD28 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CTLA4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are associated with celiac disease, possibly through their effects on T cell activity.</span></span></p> <h2><strong><em>ICOS </em>Variants and Celiac Disease</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The main polymorphism linked to celiac disease is </span><a href="../../snp/rs4675374/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs4675374</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, located in a regulatory region that is removed during the gene expression process (an </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">intron</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">). Mutations in this type of regions may reduce the efficiency of gene expression, resulting in lower levels of the protein [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185281/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Its minor variant &lsquo;T&rsquo; has been associated with susceptibility to celiac disease in a British study and a large-scale study of Finnish, Italian, Dutch, and British populations [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2274985/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847618/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a Finnish study on 106 families with celiac disease, the minor variants of 4 other polymorphisms (including </span><a href="../../snp/rs10932037/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs10932037</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="../../snp/rs10183087/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs10183087</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) were transmitted from the parents to the offspring [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14712308"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variants located in regions of the gene that regulate its expression have been associated with celiac disease.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your <em>ICOS </em>Results for Celiac Disease</strong></h2> <p>*8883109336156378*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary and Table</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP: </strong><strong><em>ICOS </em></strong><strong>rs4675374&nbsp;</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Normal risk of celiac disease.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Increased risk of celiac disease.</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>Other Important SNPs:&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong><em>ICOS </em></strong><strong>rs10932037</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Normal risk of celiac disease.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Increased risk of celiac disease</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><em>ICOS </em></strong><strong>rs10183087</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Normal risk of celiac disease.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Increased risk of celiac disease</span></li> </ul> <h3><strong>Population Frequency</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The non-risk &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele of rs4675374 is clearly more abundant and ~80% of the world population carries at least one copy. Surprisingly, the risky &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele is the most common one in African descendents (93% of carriers). In contrast, this variant is especially rare in people with American, European, and East Asian backgrounds.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele of rs10932037 is extremely rare and ~88% of the world population doesn&rsquo;t have any copies. This variant is similarly uncommon in all ethnicities.</span></p> <p>*2155365130528355*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Strategies that May Improve Your Celiac Disease</strong></h2> <p>*7842693671813681*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Gluten-free Diet</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, which allows the management of the symptoms in most cases. Gluten is found in the following grains and their products [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6267495/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Wheat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rye</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Spelt</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Barley</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Triticale</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a small trial on 7 children with celiac disease, treatment with a gluten-free diet lowered </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">expression in the intestine. A more recent study found that exposure to gluten may trigger an inflammatory response through ICOS in treated celiac patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21288140"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149810/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Avoiding Lectins/Other Potential Irritants</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dietary </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/lectins-beneficial-harmful/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lectins</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may worsen inflammation in people sensitive to them. For example, lectins contributed to autoimmunity in one study with rheumatoid arthritis patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115436/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Preliminary research suggests that avoiding lectins may reduce the symptoms of autoimmune conditions in sensitive individuals [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599185"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lectins stimulate the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/interferon-gamma-how-to-increase-decrease-high-low-levels/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IFN-&gamma;</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, whose production can be stimulated or blocked by </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">depending on the condition. Still, more research is needed to clarify the possible connection between lectins and celiac disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4979228/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gut damage and inflammation in celiac disease may cause temporary lactose intolerance. Such patients may need to avoid dairy until their gut lining recovers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15775678"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A cell-based study found that lactose prevents Tregs from inhibiting Th1 and Th17 responses, possibly increasing inflammation. This effect may be increased in people with underactive </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ICOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4239808/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Elimination diets such as the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/elimination-diet-safest-foods-people-sensitive-everything/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lectin Avoidance Diet</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may help identify and remove common food irritants &mdash; such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/lectins-beneficial-harmful/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lectins</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, gluten, and dairy &mdash; that may be worsening autoimmunity in sensitive individuals [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884708"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599185"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5647120/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The most effective way to treat celiac disease is to go gluten-free. Other potential irritants such as lectins and lactose may worsen autoimmunity in some people.</span></p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Moderate Sun Exposure</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Moderate </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sun exposure</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is the best way to get natural </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">UV</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> light and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which both help suppress inflammation. Because vitamin D inhibits the development of Th1 cells, it may be beneficial in the specific case of celiac disease. As previously mentioned, ICOS has a dual role in the Th1 response [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566188/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20635942"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30300262"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4979228/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin D deficiency and subsequent bone issues are common in celiac disease patients, so it&rsquo;s crucial to get enough of this nutrient [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640651/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21210250"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">People with celiac disease may have vitamin D deficiency. A moderate exposure to sunlight is a good way to produce this vitamin and reduce inflammation.</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Black Cumin</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/black-cumin-seed-nigella-sativa-top-scientific-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Black cumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, also known as </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-28-scientific-benefits-of-the-panacea-black-cumin-seed-nigella-sativa/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">black seed</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, has well-known anti-inflammatory properties.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In one clinical trial, adding 900 mg of black seed oil daily to a gluten-free diet helped restore </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/iron-balance-blood-test-iron-deficiency-anemia-overload/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">iron</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels and reduce inflammation and gut damage. The same group of authors found that </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-28-scientific-benefits-of-the-panacea-black-cumin-seed-nigella-sativa/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">black cumin oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may help with dermatitis herpetiformis, a skin condition caused by celiac disease [</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?journal=Res+J+Pharm+Biol+Chem+Sci&amp;title=Immunomodulatory+effect+of+Nigella+sativa+oil+treatment+in+iron+deficiency+anemia+caused+by+refractory+coeliac+disease&amp;author=MT+Osman&amp;author=BI+Taha&amp;author=G+Al-Duboni&amp;author=LA+Muhamed&amp;volume=3&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;pages=887-95&amp;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5633670/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Preliminary research in animals and cells suggests that black cumin and its active compound thymoquinone may reduce </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-foods-exercise-right-type-th1-vs-th2-dominance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th1 dominance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and IFN-&gamma; release, both of which are associated with celiac disease and ICOS activity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20600757"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117430"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4979228/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Preliminary research suggests that black seed oil may help people with celiac disease reduce gut inflammation and damage.</span></p>
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189 | content_learn_more_8883109336156378_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your ICOS variants are associated with a somehow increased risk of celiac disease. However, this doesn’t necessarily reflect your potential risk of this condition — just one gene related to it. A healthy diet and lifestyle may help. Keep reading to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs10932037,rs10183087,rs4675374
rsStatus = rs10932037,ICOS,chr2,203960623,C,T,,,29,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs10183087,ICOS,chr2,203959601,A,C,G,,30,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs4675374,ICOS,chr2,203937855,T,A,C,,37,0,Normal
