199 | id == 199
199 | category_id == 18
199 | category_order == 15
199 | category_name == Weight
199 | category_color == #C47AC0
199 | slug == IL1B-obesity-inflammation
199 | title == A Surprising Link Between Inflammation and Obesity (IL1B)
199 | meta_description == IL1B encodes interleukin 1b, a crucial inflammatory cytokine. Learn about the link between this gene and obesity.
199 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The <em>IL1B</em> gene encodes interleukin 1b, a crucial inflammatory cytokine that impacts metabolism and weight control. Read this post to learn about the surprising link between this gene and obesity.</strong></p>
199 | overall_score_text == Your Obesity Score (Based on IL1B Gene)
199 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/IL-1B--Weight.jpg
199 | author_id == 9
199 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
199 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
199 | author_order == 45
199 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
199 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
199 | reviewer == None
199 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
199 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
199 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
199 | publish_date == 2020
199 | publish_date == 6
199 | publish_date == 4
199 | avg_rating == 5.0
199 | tags_id == 200
199 | tags_name == Appetite
199 | tags_id == 186
199 | tags_name == BMI
199 | tags_id == 462
199 | tags_name == Body Fat
199 | tags_id == 465
199 | tags_name == Dietary protein
199 | tags_id == 207
199 | tags_name == Exercise
199 | tags_id == 463
199 | tags_name == IL-1b
199 | tags_id == 464
199 | tags_name == IL1B gene
199 | tags_id == 24
199 | tags_name == Inflammation
199 | tags_id == 456
199 | tags_name == Leptin
199 | tags_id == 289
199 | tags_name == Metabolic syndrome
199 | tags_id == 165
199 | tags_name == Obesity
199 | tags_id == 246
199 | tags_name == Probiotics
199 | tags_id == 184
199 | tags_name == Weight Loss
199 | permissions_favorite == False
199 | permissions_rate == False
199 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you are struggling to maintain a healthy weight, seek medical help. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. Any single genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at an increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <table style="width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%; text-align: justify;"><strong>Note:</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL1B</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene is mentioned in <em>SelfDecode</em>&rsquo;s <a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/gene-reports/inflammation/"><strong><em>Inflammation</em></strong></a> and <a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/gene-reports/cardiovascular/"><strong><em>Cardiovascular</em></strong></a><strong><em> DNA Wellness Reports</em></strong>. If you&rsquo;re curious to learn more about how your genetics could be impacting each of these aspects of your health, we recommend checking them out</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">!</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>What is IL1B?</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/il1b/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL1B</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is responsible for producing </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/interleukin-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">interleukin 1-beta</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (IL-1b), one of the chief inflammatory cytokines. IL-1b acts as an "alarm signal" from white blood cells (macrophages, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/monocytes/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">monocytes</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/neutrophils/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">neutrophils</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) in response to cell stress or damage [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/IL1B"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21304099"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24332029"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24734023"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This signal triggers the production and release of many other pro-inflammatory compounds. Thus, cytokines in the IL-1 family &mdash; including IL-1b &mdash; play a central role in both acute and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/chronic-inflammation-blood-tests/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">chronic inflammation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21304099"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24734023"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31676788"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24146121"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNPs in the IL1B gene correlate with a range of inflammation-related disorders, such as:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Autoimmune conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IBD</a>) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18838388"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24751956"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30634098"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24734023"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Severe inflammatory response to infectious diseases [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31196204"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Heart disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11796541"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22848083"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies have been investigating the link between inflammation, metabolic disorders, and obesity. Not surprisingly, IL-1b emerged as a crucial factor in this field, too [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553099/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17038556/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">IL1B encodes interleukin 1b, a critical inflammatory cytokine in autoimmunity, cancer, heart disease, and more. It's one of the factors that connect inflammation and metabolic health.</span></p> <h3><strong>Two Faces of IL-1b in Metabolic Health</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scientists have noticed that mice lacking the IL-1 family of cytokines are more prone to obesity. On the other hand, animals with enhanced IL-1 activity burn more fat, which makes them resistant to weight gain [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636119/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636119/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These findings seem contradictory, given that obesity is a pro-inflammatory state. Researchers dug deeper to reveal the exact mechanisms and suggested a surprising role of IL-1b in the brain: it appears to improve <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/all-about-leptin-its-role-in-chronic-inflammation-cfs-and-weight/">leptin</a> signaling. Low IL-1b levels may contribute to leptin resistance [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636119/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11889184/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Leptin is a crucial hormone that suppresses appetite and stimulates energy expenditure. Over-secretion leads to </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/the-root-causes-of-leptin-resistance-and-12-ways-to-reverse-it/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">leptin resistance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a condition in which leptin loses the above functions [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17578380"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Besides the central effect (in the brain), IL-1b may act directly on the fat tissue to release leptin and reduce the size of fat cells [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16213747/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, being an inflammatory cytokine, IL-1b has its dark metabolic side. It&rsquo;s one of the primary cytokines involved in <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucose/">diabetes</a> development. Patients with metabolic syndrome have elevated IL-1b, too [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17151295/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553099/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">IL-1b may stimulate fat burning by improving leptin sensitivity in the brain and fat tissue. On the other hand, it causes inflammation and plays a role in diabetes and metabolic syndrome.</span></p> <h2><strong>The Link Between IL1B Variant and Body Composition</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Obesity and Fat Mass</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One SNP in the IL1B gene, </span><a href="../../snp/rs1143634/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs1143634</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, has shown a clear association with obesity and fat mass across different ages and ethnic groups.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Among 1,068 young Swedish men, those carrying the "GG" genotype had higher total fat mass and more fat in their arms, legs, and trunks. They also had slightly higher body mass index (BMI), likely due to differences in body fat [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636119/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a trial of 880 older European (Caucasian) descendants, the "GG" genotype correlated with 34% higher rates of obesity [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19666082/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Two studies of 438 Korean women observed up to five times lower frequency of the &ldquo;A&rdquo; allele among those who were overweight and obese [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14981033/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18465425/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another IL1B SNP, </span><a href="../../snp/rs1143627/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs1143627</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, showed a potential link with obesity. Among 3,014 Swedish elderly men, the &ldquo;GG&rdquo; genotype was associated with increased fat mass. However, other studies failed to confirm the association or yielded conflicting results [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924137/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18239554/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636119/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &ldquo;GG&rdquo; genotype at rs1143634 correlates with higher body fat and obesity rates across different ages and ethnic groups. Rs1143627 might have the same effect, but the evidence is weak.</span></p> <h3><strong>Abdominal Obesity</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Surprisingly, this SNP showed the opposite effect on waist circumference, a measure of abdominal obesity.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Among 556 Australian patients with heart disease, those with the &ldquo;AA&rdquo; genotype had 4 cm higher waist circumference compared with the &ldquo;GG&rdquo; carriers. The link was significant only in obese subjects, in which the difference was 6.1 cm for these two genotypes [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18716798/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &ldquo;AA&rdquo; allele was also slightly associated with metabolic syndrome [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18716798/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sounds weird? Keep reading to get a precise explanation for these seemingly conflicting results.</span></em></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &ldquo;AA&rdquo; genotype at rs1143634 may be associated with metabolic syndrome and higher waist circumference in obese people.</span></p> <h3><strong>How It Works</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As mentioned, IL-1b may support fat burning but also contribute to inflammation and metabolic syndrome.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In test tubes, the &ldquo;AA&rdquo; genotype at rs1143634 enhanced IL-1b production up to four times, which may explain the beneficial effects of the &ldquo;A&rdquo; allele on fat loss. Swedish men with the &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele had higher leptin levels, indicating potential leptin resistance [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1353022/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7605869"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636119/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On the other hand, the &ldquo;A&rdquo; allele was associated with higher CRP and fibrinogen levels, the primary markers of inflammation. That may explain the opposite effect on waist circumference and metabolic syndrome in obese people [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11991668/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18716798/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Simply put, rs1143634 impacts IL-1b levels and follows its opposing effects on fat loss and metabolic health.</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &ldquo;A&rdquo; allele at rs1143634 increases IL-1b levels, which may be beneficial for fat loss but also contribute to inflammation and metabolic syndrome.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your IL1B Results for Obesity</strong></h2> <p><strong><em>Note</em></strong><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">: In some papers, you may see &ldquo;C&gt;T&rdquo; as the two possible alleles for these SNPs. Unlike us at SelfDecode, some studies report on a negative DNA strand, and their &ldquo;C&gt;T&rdquo; equals our &ldquo;G&gt;A&rdquo;.</span></em></p> <p>*6595256339095426*</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p><strong><em>IL1B </em></strong><a href="../../snp/rs1143634/"><strong>rs1143634</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = associated with higher obesity rates and body fat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = associated with lower obesity rates but higher waist circumference in obese people</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Population Frequency:</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> About 40% of European descendants carry one copy and 55% carry both copies of the &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele. This allele is even more common in African and East Asian populations, where 77% and 96% of people carry both copies, respectively.</span></p> <p><strong>Other important SNP:</strong></p> <p><strong><em>IL1B </em></strong><a href="../../snp/rs1143627/"><strong>rs1143627</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = associated with higher body fat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = not associated with body fat; may be associated with higher waist circumference</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Population Frequency:</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> About 12% of European descendants carry the &ldquo;GG&rdquo; genotype. This genotype is more common in East Asian (24%) and African (40%) populations.</span></p> <p>*6050579661055489*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Boost Weight Loss</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*1400305435390036*</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Given the two faces of IL-1b in metabolism and weight control, it may not be wise to target its levels directly. Instead, you may get the benefits without the negatives by targeting the chief underlying mechanism: leptin resistance.</span></p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Exercise Regularly</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Physical </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and long-term fitness may protect against leptin resistance [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22975643/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056484/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157319/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resistance training is probably the best strategy to </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lose weight</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. In addition to promoting fat burning, it boosts other beneficial hormones and components that suppress appetite, improve mental health, and more. These include:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/norepinephrine-stress-hormone/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Norepinephrine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5124188"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="../article/boost-plasticity-with-the-bdnf-gene-50"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BDNF</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/neuro.24.005.2010/full"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/endorphins/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Endorphins</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="http://www.news-medical.net/news/20120717/Mu-opioid-receptors-put-brakes-on-appetite.aspx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aerobic exercise (walking, running, swimming, etc.) has also caused significant reductions in belly fat in multiple studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637702"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951360"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Regular exercise helps prevent leptin resistance and improve weight loss.</span></p> <h4><strong>Improve Sleep Quality</strong></h4> <h5><strong>Circadian Rhythm</strong></h5> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Impaired </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/what-it-means-to-keep-to-a-circadian-rhythm/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">circadian rhythm</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may contribute to leptin resistance and thus worsen the impact of your variant [</span><a href="http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/abstract/S1550-4131(15)00272-7"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research over the past few decades has recognized the importance of circadian biology in obesity, energy balance, and metabolism [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013188/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A disrupted circadian rhythm may be why shift workers seem to be at an increased risk of obesity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20122305"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h5><strong>Sleep Duration</strong></h5> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In one trial, restful </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-sleep/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sleep</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in non-obese individuals (8+ of uninterrupted sleep) normalized leptin levels. On the other hand, sleep deprivation can decrease leptin and increase appetite [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15531540"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24732925"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Short sleep duration correlated with weight gain in several studies. Scientists suggest that poor sleep may increase </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-10-ways-to-curb-your-hunger-and-approaches-that-didnt-work/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">hunger</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and cravings [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18239586"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3973603/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2398753/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2009.01262.x/full"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0010062"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Improve your sleep quality to lessen the impact of IL1B and boost metabolic health and weight control.</span></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Increase Protein Intake</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Increased protein intake can improve leptin sensitivity and reduce appetite, which is crucial for people with rs1143634-G [</span><a href="http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/82/1/41.full"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26797090/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research suggests that getting more calories from protein may support weight loss, metabolism, and satiety (fullness) [</span><a href="http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/82/1/41.abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10193874"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10375057"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Healthy foods rich in protein include [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797090"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Eggs</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Non-processed meat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Soybean and other legumes</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dairy</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nuts and seeds</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Increased protein intake may improve leptin sensitivity and help you shed extra pounds.</span></p> <h4><strong>Fruits &amp; Vegetables</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In animals, the consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables prevented leptin resistance [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133929/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vegetables are rich in soluble fiber, which may support weight loss. Fiber gets broken down by probiotic bacteria to produce </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-butyrate-derivatives-sodium-butyrate-phenylbutyrate-trybutyrine-butyric-acid-butyrate-prodrugs-butyrate-producing-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">butyrate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a fatty acid with potential weight-loss effects in preclinical research [</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019566639790091X"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18031592"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810257"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699871/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Polyphenols from various fruits, such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/blueberries-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">blueberries</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and apples, led to lower weight in animal studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936120"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23529981"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables may prevent leptin resistance and support weight loss, but clinical evidence is lacking.</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to animal studies, some </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/probiotics-good-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">probiotic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> supplements may improve obesity-induced leptin resistance [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28968517/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-gasseri/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. gasseri</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">significantly decreased BMI and total and belly fat in 210 healthy Japanese adults. The authors underlined that constant consumption of this probiotic might be required to maintain the effect. This strain showed promising fat-burning properties in two more clinical trials [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23614897"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3611107/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20216555"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a clinical trial of 125 obese adults, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-rhamnosus/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. rhamnosus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> induced weight and fat loss [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21505361"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Humans with more </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/b-animalis/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">B. animalis</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in their microbiome have lower BMIs. Daily ingestion of milk containing this strain significantly reduced BMI, total </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/cholesterol/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cholesterol</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/ldl-cholesterol/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">LDL</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and inflammatory markers in a clinical trial on 51 people with metabolic syndrome [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826031/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374072/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126957"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a6probiotic-for-weight-loss-belly-fat-metabolism/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Read this post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to learn more about the effects of probiotics on weight loss.</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Probiotic supplementation may improve leptin resistance. Strains such as <em>L. gasseri, L. rhamnosus, and B. animalis </em>have shown the most promising results for weight loss.</span></p> <h4><strong>Garcinia</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In studies on obese animals, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/garcinia-cambogia/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Garcinia cambogia</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> extract enhanced glucose metabolism and leptin signaling [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12727492/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530230/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378731/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a clinical trial on 99 obese men, it lowered BMI and belly fat when combined with a weight-loss drug (orlistat) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061485/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Garcinia reduced body weight and fat mass in many clinical trials, ranging from 21 to 100 overweight and obese subjects [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11134690"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11092233"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056124"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18316163"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17639559"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11790414"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a 2011 review of 12 studies, Garcinia</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">extract caused a weight loss of about 2 pounds (0.88 kg) over several weeks [</span><a href="http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jobes/2011/509038/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><em>Garcinia cambogia</em> extract may counteract your variant by improving leptin resistance. It supported weight loss in many smaller clinical trials.</span></p>
199 | content_snp_table_6595256339095426_key == 6595256339095426
199 | content_snp_table_6595256339095426_blur == True
199 | content_snp_table_6595256339095426_hidden == False
199 | content_learn_more_6050579661055489_key == 6050579661055489
199 | content_learn_more_6050579661055489_blur == True
199 | content_learn_more_6050579661055489_hidden == False
199 | content_learn_more_6050579661055489_text == Based on the variant we looked at, your IL1B gene is not associated with obesity, but it may be associated with higher waist circumference in obese people. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of obesity, just one gene related to it. Increase protein intake, exercise regularly, and follow other gene-based weight loss tips. Read on to learn more.
199 | content_recommendation_1400305435390036_key == 1400305435390036
199 | content_recommendation_1400305435390036_blur == True
199 | content_recommendation_1400305435390036_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs1143627,rs1143634
rsStatus = rs1143627,IL1B,chr2,112836810,G,A,,,16,8,HET
