203 | id == 203
203 | category_id == 18
203 | category_order == 15
203 | category_name == Weight
203 | category_color == #C47AC0
203 | slug == TFAP2B-obesity-diet
203 | title == How Dietary Protein and Fat Impact Weight Loss (TFAP2B)
203 | meta_description == TFAP2B encodes a protein that supports fat buildup. Learn about its link with obesity and different diet types.
203 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The <em>TFAP2B</em> gene encodes a protein that regulates fat metabolism. One variant in this gene is associated with obesity and may determine your response to dietary fat and protein &mdash; read on to learn more.</strong></p>
203 | overall_score_text == Your Obesity Score (based on TFAP2B gene)
203 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/TFAP2B--Weight.jpg
203 | author_id == 9
203 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
203 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
203 | author_order == 45
203 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
203 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
203 | reviewer == None
203 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
203 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
203 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
203 | publish_date == 2020
203 | publish_date == 6
203 | publish_date == 4
203 | avg_rating == 5.0
203 | tags_id == 385
203 | tags_name == Adiponectin
203 | tags_id == 186
203 | tags_name == BMI
203 | tags_id == 297
203 | tags_name == Dietary fat
203 | tags_id == 465
203 | tags_name == Dietary protein
203 | tags_id == 207
203 | tags_name == Exercise
203 | tags_id == 305
203 | tags_name == Fat burning
203 | tags_id == 165
203 | tags_name == Obesity
203 | tags_id == 50
203 | tags_name == Stress
203 | tags_id == 316
203 | tags_name == TFAP2B Gene
203 | tags_id == 184
203 | tags_name == Weight Loss
203 | permissions_favorite == False
203 | permissions_rate == False
203 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you are struggling to maintain a healthy weight, seek medical help. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. Any single genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at an increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <h2><strong>The <em>TFAP2B</em> Gene</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The</span> <a href="../../gene/tfap2b/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TFAP2B gene</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> codes for a protein called </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">transcription factor AP-2B</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which can control the activity of other genes. TFAP2B influences cell division and programmed death (apoptosis) [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/TFAP2B"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research shows that TFAP2B is active in cells in the early prenatal period, affecting how the brain and other tissues and organs develop [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/TFAP2B"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More recently, the TFAP2B gene has been in the spotlight of obesity and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/nutrigenomics/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">nutrigenomics</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> research.</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The TFAP2B gene regulates prenatal development, metabolism, and response to nutrients.&nbsp;</span></p> <h3><strong>TFAP2B in Obesity and Fat Metabolism</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The TFAP2B gene is mostly expressed in fat tissue. TFAP2B overactivity might contribute to inflammation and fat buildup by reducing </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/adiponectin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">adiponectin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and increasing </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-6</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954217"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954217"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/26/8/2442"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This gene also appears to increase the size of fat cells. Switching TFAP2B on in test tubes transformed regular cells into massive, dangerous fat cells that are characteristic of obesity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373417"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Overactive TFAP2B may contribute to fat buildup, inflammation, and insulin resistance.&nbsp;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>The Link Between TFAP2B Variants and Obesity</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The majority of obesity and diet-related research focused on a TFAP2B SNP labeled </span><a href="../../snp/rs987237/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs987237</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. In a huge meta-analysis of over 195,000 people, the &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele was associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014648/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele was associated with 24% obesity rates in a meta-analysis that included 34,600 European participants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174168/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Another large review of 16 trials found a link between this variant and waist circumference, which is a measure of abdominal obesity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695778/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele at rs987237 correlates with higher obesity rates, body mass index, and waist circumference.</span></p> <h3><strong>How It Works</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As mentioned, overactive TFAP2B can contribute to fat buildup by suppressing adiponectin, a crucial metabolic cytokine. The &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele may impair fat metabolism by enhancing TFAP2B gene expression [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954217"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954217"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indeed, scientists observed higher TFAP2B expression in fat cells with this genetic variant [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373396/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><strong>Dietary Factors That Influence the Genetic Link</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Fat</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of&nbsp; 642 obese adults, those with the &ldquo;GG&rdquo; genotype lost 2.6 kg more on a high-fat diet, compared with a low-fat diet. The &ldquo;AG&rdquo; carriers also preferred a high-fat diet, but the effect was less significant. On the other hand, people with the &ldquo;AA&rdquo; did better on a low-fat diet [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428346/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The authors also discovered a similar but weaker pattern for waist size (belly fat) reduction. Both diets were energy-deficient (by 600 kcal) and the participants followed them for 10 weeks.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">People with rs987237-G are likely to lose more weight on high-fat diets.</span></p> <h3><strong>Protein</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One trial analyzed weight maintenance in 468 European people who successfully completed a weight loss program. Those following a high-protein diet regained 1.84 kg more per each &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele. On the other hand, the &ldquo;AA&rdquo; carriers did&nbsp; better on a high vs. low-protein diet [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24081236/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although high-protein diets are generally effective for weight control, they may not be suitable for people with rs987237-G.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your TFAP2B Results for Obesity and Belly Fat</strong></h2> <p>*8217851426741276*</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p><strong><em>TFAP2B</em></strong> <a href="../../snp/rs987237/"><strong>rs987237</strong></a><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = not associated with obesity; better response to high-protein and low-fat diets&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = associated with obesity and belly fat; better response to high-fat and low-protein diets</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Population Frequency:</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Around</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">28% of people worldwide carry one copy and around 4% carry both copies of the obesity-associated &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele. This allele is much less common in African populations (16%) and more common among Native Americans (55%).</span></p> <p>*7664706546600797*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Optimize Diet and Weight Loss</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*8742192400204778*</p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Balance Your Macros</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The high-fat diet that suited the &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele carriers had the following daily macronutrient breakdown [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428346/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li><strong>40-45% fat</strong></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">40-45% carbohydrates</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: 400;">15% protein</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">To obtain enough healthy fats, make sure to consume:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A variety of nuts and seeds</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fish and seafood rich in </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-22-science-based-health-benefits-of-fish-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">omega-3</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> fatty acids&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/olive-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Olive oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Avocado</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Meat and full-fat dairy (in moderation)</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A low-protein diet worked better for preventing weight regain in people with this variant.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">To reduce your protein intake during weight maintenance, limit the intake of protein-rich foods, such as [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24081236/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Meat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cheese</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Eggs</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Soybean</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">People with rs987237-G may want to increase their fat intake for improved weight loss and limit their protein intake during weight maintenance.</span></p> <h4><strong>Coffee</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Coffee consumption was associated with higher adiponectin levels in different clinical trials, which means it may lessen the impact of your TFAP2B variant [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298130/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/caffeine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a well-known metabolic booster. In multiple smaller clinical trials, caffeine (100-600 mg/day) increased energy use and fat burning. Paradoxically, the effects were more pronounced in lean than in overweight people [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7293955">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7369170">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7611396">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7486839">R</a>].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It also helped maintain weight loss in two long-term studies with 2,500 participants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554757"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076989"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Remember that a high intake of caffeine can cause adverse effects such as insomnia, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-anxiety/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">anxiety</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, increased heart rate and blood pressure, increased urination, and muscle twitching [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12150361"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Moderate coffee consumption may increase adiponectin and sleep up metabolism, helping you maintain a healthy weight. Beware of the potential side effects of higher caffeine doses.</span></p> <h4><strong>Olive Oil</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Healthy fat sources such as <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/olive-oil/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">olive oil</a> may enhance weight loss in people carrying the &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele. Olive oil may be particularly beneficial due to its ability to boost adiponectin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452359/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a review of 11 clinical studies, an olive oil-enriched diet significantly reduced BMI and waist circumference. Unlike oil in its natural form, supplementation with capsules was not effective [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30461730/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Regular Exercise</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is essential for weight loss, especially for people with rs987237-G. It increased adiponectin and lowered IL-6 in a meta-analysis of seven trials and 250 obese children. In other words, exercise does the exact opposite of your risk variant [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5994661/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resistance training is probably the best strategy to </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lose weight</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. In addition to promoting fat burning, it boosts other beneficial hormones and components that suppress appetite, improve mental health, and more. These include:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/norepinephrine-stress-hormone/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Norepinephrine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5124188"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="../article/boost-plasticity-with-the-bdnf-gene-50"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BDNF</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/neuro.24.005.2010/full"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/endorphins/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Endorphins</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="http://www.news-medical.net/news/20120717/Mu-opioid-receptors-put-brakes-on-appetite.aspx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aerobic exercise (walking, running, swimming, etc.) has also caused significant reductions in belly fat in multiple studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637702"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951360"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Exercise may counteract your TFAP2B variant by boosting adiponectin and suppressing IL-6. Both resistance and aerobic training promote fat burning and weight loss.</span></p> <h4><strong>Stress Reduction</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a small clinical trial, lower stress and better mental health correlated with higher adiponectin levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738020/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/2015/01/15/stress-bad-uncovering-hidden-effects-stress/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a well-known obesity contributing factor. It increases </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/need-know-cortisol-health-effects/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cortisol</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and dynorphin, both of which cause weight gain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819644/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5373497/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24123563/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, stress makes the brain resistant to </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-serotonin"><span style="font-weight: 400;">serotonin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/dopamine/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">dopamine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which may increase appetite and block the rewarding effects of food [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14993070"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255482311700200"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.news-medical.net/news/2007/10/15/31146.aspx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Stress may suppress adiponectin, increase appetite, and contribute to weight gain. Try to avoid it by practicing your favorite relaxation techniques.</span></p>
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203 | content_learn_more_7664706546600797_text == Based on the variant we looked at, your TFAP2B gene is slightly associated with obesity. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of obesity, just one gene related to it. Following a high-fat diet for weight loss and a low-protein diet for weight maintenance may help. Read on to get more gene-based tips.
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rsIDs = rs987237
rsStatus = rs987237,TFAP2B,chr6,50835337,A,G,,,34,0,Normal
