206 | id == 206
206 | category_id == 18
206 | category_order == 15
206 | category_name == Weight
206 | category_color == #C47AC0
206 | slug == SEC16B-weight
206 | title == Can This Gene Cause Obesity (SEC16B)?
206 | meta_description == SEC16B encodes a protein involved in the secretory process. Learn about its variants associated with obesity here.
206 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The SEC16B gene encodes a protein that stimulates the secretory process and peroxisome formation. Several variants of this gene are associated with higher obesity rates and BMI &mdash; read on to check where your genes stand.</strong></p>
206 | overall_score_text == Your Weight Score (Based on SEC16B Gene)
206 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/SEC16B--Weight.jpg
206 | author_id == 12
206 | author_name == Carlos Tello
206 | author_title == PhD
206 | author_order == 55
206 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/CarlosTello.webp
206 | author_intro == <p><strong>Carlos received his PhD and MS from the Universidad de Sevilla.</strong></p>    <p>Carlos spent 9 years in the laboratory investigating mineral transport in plants. He then started working as a freelancer, mainly in science writing, editing, and consulting. Carlos is passionate about learning the mechanisms behind biological processes and communicating science to both academic and non-academic audiences. He strongly believes that scientific literacy is crucial to maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid falling for scams.</p>
206 | author_social_media_name == linkedin
206 | author_social_media_icon == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/social-icon/linkedin.png
206 | author_social_order == 1
206 | author_social_link == https://www.linkedin.com/in/carlos-tello-lacal-b946b4a7/
206 | reviewer == None
206 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
206 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
206 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
206 | publish_date == 2020
206 | publish_date == 6
206 | publish_date == 9
206 | avg_rating == 5.0
206 | tags_id == 186
206 | tags_name == BMI
206 | tags_id == 462
206 | tags_name == Body Fat
206 | tags_id == 475
206 | tags_name == Endoplasmic Reticulum
206 | tags_id == 165
206 | tags_name == Obesity
206 | tags_id == 476
206 | tags_name == Peroxisomes
206 | tags_id == 474
206 | tags_name == SEC16B Gene
206 | permissions_favorite == False
206 | permissions_rate == False
206 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you are struggling to maintain a healthy weight, seek medical help. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. Any single genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at an increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <h2><strong>What Is the <em>SEC16B </em>Gene?</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/sec16b/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SEC16B</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes a protein also called SEC16B (&lsquo;SEC16 homolog B&rsquo;) [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6996832/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1805085/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">SEC16B was first identified as a protein enhancing the expression of the regucalcin gene and called RGPR-p117 (&lsquo;</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">regucalcin gene promoter-related protein 117</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rsquo;) [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19214710/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1805085/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">SEC16B controls the secretory process by allowing the assembly of the vesicles that transport newly formed proteins and fats out of the membrane system that produces them (the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">endoplasmic reticulum</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19850039/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265929/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Importantly, SEC16B is required for the transport of the factors that promote the formation of peroxisomes. These cell structures are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265929/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150892/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The <em>SEC16B </em>gene encodes a protein involved in the secretion of proteins that help transport and break down fat.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>SEC16B </em>Variants in Body Weight</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Rs10913469 and Rs543874</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Two </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SEC16B </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">polymorphisms have been widely investigated: </span><a href="../../snp/rs10913469/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs10913469</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="../../snp/rs543874/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs543874</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The minor &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant of rs10913469 was more common among people with obesity and high BMI in Japanese, Chinese, Singaporean, and Dutch adults. However, two studies couldn&rsquo;t find this association [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19851340"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21796137"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21369819"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917056/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20061430"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544081"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166286/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20215397"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21796141"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This variant has also been linked to increased obesity rates, BMI, and body weight in Czech, Mexican, Portuguese, Chinese, American, Danish, Estonian, Norwegian, and British children and adolescents [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26162542"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23890480"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6634012/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24670271"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23121087"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25492288"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3661695/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963559/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136158/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325838/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The minor &lsquo;G&rsquo; variant of rs543874 has been associated with higher obesity rates and BMI in Japanese (especially in women), Korean, and African American populations, and with high body fat percentage in people of European descent [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28892062"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22041983"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791273/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740398/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5419579/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3660116/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This allele has also been linked to higher rates of childhood obesity, as well as with increases in BMI throughout childhood and adolescence in multiple ethnicities [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4854022/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25637721"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7013683/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21779088"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724138/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22710927"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738539/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5413409/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3823612/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6696926/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of 28 studies concluded that both variants are associated with increased BMI and risk of obesity in different ethnic populations [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27655580"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Other Polymorphisms</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Less-widely investigated polymorphisms linked to obesity traits include:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The minor &lsquo;T&rsquo; variant of </span><a href="../../snp/rs574367/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs574367</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">: associated with higher BMI in healthy people of East Asian ancestry and Chinese diabetics [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3288728/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177704/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The minor &lsquo;A&rsquo; variant of </span><a href="../../snp/rs516636/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs516636</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">: associated with increased obesity and BMI in Japanese adults and Chinese children [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838874/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5706821/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The minor &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant of </span><a href="../../snp/rs591120/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs591120</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">: associated with increased BMI in European adolescents and young adults [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736869/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591371/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h3><strong>How It Works</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unfortunately, none of the studies evaluated the effects of the different variants on </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SEC16B </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">expression.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The exact contribution of this protein to weight also remains unclear, but the following mechanisms have been proposed:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">As previously mentioned, SEC16B stimulates the production of the regulatory protein regucalcin. Its excessive levels increase fat production in bone marrow cells and alter fat transport in rats, leading to increased fat levels in blood but lower in the liver [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22868942/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23453039/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20349117/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mutated </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SEC16B </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variants may reduce fat breakdown by interfering with the correct formation of peroxisomes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265929/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150892/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">SEC16B may contribute to weight gain through its role in protein secretion. Variants of this gene could alter the transport of proteins involved in appetite regulation or fat breakdown [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19851340/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25637721/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">SEC16B might influence the diet by changing taste preferences [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25637721"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31046077"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The minor variants of several <em>SEC16B </em>polymorphisms have been associated with increased obesity rates and BMI. The mechanisms by which they contribute to weight gain remain unclear.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your <em>SEC16B </em>Results for Body Weight</strong></h2> <p>*3973480420490332*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary and Table</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p><strong><em>SEC16B </em></strong><strong>rs10913469&nbsp;</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = normal obesity rates, BMI, and body weight</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = increased obesity rates, BMI, and body weight</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">60% of the world population carries two copies of the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant is slightly more common in people with an African background</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>Other Important SNPs:</strong></p> <p><strong><em>SEC16B </em></strong><strong>rs543874&nbsp;</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; =&nbsp; normal obesity rates, BMI, and body fat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = increased obesity rates, BMI, and body fat</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Less than 5% of the world population carries two copies of the &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; variant is even more common in people of East and South Asian ancestry and less in African descendants</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><em>SEC16B </em></strong><strong>rs574367</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = normal BMI</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = increased BMI</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Less than 3% of the world population carries two copies of the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; variant is even less common in African descendants</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><em>SEC16B </em></strong><strong>rs516636</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = normal obesity rates and BMI</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = increased obesity rates and BMI</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The genotype distribution is very similar to that of rs574367 for all ethnicities</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; variant is slightly more common in people of European and American descent</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><em>SEC16B </em></strong><strong>rs591120</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = normal BMI&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = increased BMI</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Approximately 47% of the world population carries one copy of each allele</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant is least common in East Asian descendants</span></li> </ul> <p>*5987425170506067*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Improve Weight Control</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*3106400216484501*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Exercise</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In Hispanic American adolescents, moderate physical activity lessened the obesity-promoting effects of the &lsquo;G&rsquo; variant at rs543874 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3707946/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similarly, exercise reduced the weight-gain effects of the &lsquo;C&rsquo; variant at rs10913469 in a study on different American and European populations [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3723486/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">High-intensity </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is probably the best strategy to lose weight. In addition to promoting fat and calorie burning, it may increase the levels of chemicals that support mental health and suppress appetite such as the neurotransmitters </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/norepinephrine-stress-hormone/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">norepinephrine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/endorphins/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">endorphins</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and the neurotrophin </span><a href="../article/boost-plasticity-with-the-bdnf-gene-50"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BDNF</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5124188"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.news-medical.net/news/20120717/Mu-opioid-receptors-put-brakes-on-appetite.aspx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/neuro.24.005.2010/full"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aerobic exercise (like walking, running, swimming, etc) has also been shown to cause major reductions in belly fat in multiple studies. Although the reason is not fully understood, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-yoga/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">yoga</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can be a useful tool for </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> too [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637702"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951360"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4995338/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5098025/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198375/"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Exercise helps reduce weight and may lessen the obesity-promoting effects of some <em>SEC16B </em>variants.</span></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Low-Carbohydrate Diets</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chinese children carrying the &lsquo;G&rsquo; variant of rs543874 showed preference for salty foods, which may cause an increased intake of&nbsp; sugar-sweetened soft drinks to curb thirst. In addition, high salt intake may contribute to obesity by causing water retention and reducing fat burning [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25637721"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a clinical trial on 119 overweight people, a low-carbohydrate </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ketogenic-diet-ketosis-health-benefits-physiology-genetics/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ketogenic diet</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> was as effective as a low-fat diet for weight loss but had the advantages that it reduced appetite and negative affect. A meta-analysis of 13 studies and over 1,500 people concluded that low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets are more effective than low-fat diets for losing weight [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17228046"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651522"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Coffee</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; variant of the rs574367 polymorphism has been associated with preference for bitter tastes and higher coffee consumption, potentially helping lose weight [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31046077"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/caffeine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a well-known metabolic booster. In 12 clinical trials on 135 people, caffeine (100-600 mg/day) increased energy use and fat burning. Paradoxically, the effects were more pronounced in lean than in overweight people. Caffeine also helped maintain weight loss in 2 long-term studies on 2,500 people [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7293955"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7369170"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2912010"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333832"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694607"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684395"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7485480"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7611396"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7486839"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554757"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076989"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Cutting down on carbohydrates and drinking more coffee helps weight loss. Some <em>SEC16B </em>variants may influence weight by stimulating the preference for these tastes.</span></p>
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206 | content_learn_more_5987425170506067_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your SEC16B gene is associated with slightly higher obesity rates. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk, just one gene related to it. Do more exercise, eat fewer carbohydrates, and drink more coffee to maintain a healthy weight. Keep reading to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs516636,rs543874,rs574367,rs591120,rs10913469
rsStatus = rs516636,,chr1,177886382,C,A,T,,27,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs543874,,chr1,177920345,A,G,,,26,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs574367,,chr1,177904075,G,T,,,37,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs591120,SEC16B,chr1,177933618,G,A,C,,45,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs10913469,SEC16B,chr1,177944384,T,C,,,34,0,Normal
