23 | id == 23
23 | category_id == 4
23 | category_order == 1
23 | category_name == Brain
23 | category_color == #C47AC0
23 | slug == Enhance-Learning-and-Memory-with-KIBRA
23 | title == How to Epigenetically Enhance Your Learning and Memory Abilities (KIBRA)
23 | meta_description == Personalized genetics blog article
23 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Synaptic plasticity is one of the most important factors when it comes to learning new things and storing new memories. The <em>KIBRA</em> gene plays a key role in these processes, and the variants you carry for this gene can have quite a significant effect on your overall cognitive ability!</strong></p>
23 | overall_score_text == Cognitive Function score (based on KIBRA/WWC1 gene)
23 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/Enhance-Your-Learning-and-Memory-Abilities-by-Boosting-the-KIBRA--WWC1-Gene_JPG.jpg
23 | author_id == 4
23 | author_name == Matt Carland
23 | author_title == PhD
23 | author_order == 10
23 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Matt.jpg
23 | author_intro == <p><strong>Matt received his PhD at the Universit&eacute; de Montr&eacute;al in Neuroscience.</strong></p>    <p>Matt holds multiple degrees in psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. He has over a decade of experience in academic research and has published a number of articles in scholarly journals. He currently works as a neuropsychologist in Montreal, where he performs research on the links between personality traits and the development of clinical disorders such as addiction, compulsive gambling, and disordered eating.</p>
23 | reviewer_id == 2
23 | reviewer_name == Joe Cohen
23 | reviewer_title == BS
23 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
23 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
23 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
23 | publish_date == 2019
23 | publish_date == 8
23 | publish_date == 23
23 | avg_rating == 5.0
23 | tags_id == 58
23 | tags_name == AMPA
23 | tags_id == 13
23 | tags_name == Cognition
23 | tags_id == 28
23 | tags_name == Intelligence
23 | tags_id == 63
23 | tags_name == KIBRA Gene
23 | tags_id == 59
23 | tags_name == Learning and Memory
23 | tags_id == 57
23 | tags_name == Synaptic Plasticity
23 | tags_id == 64
23 | tags_name == WWC1 Gene
23 | permissions_favorite == False
23 | permissions_rate == False
23 | content_article == <table style="width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%; text-align: justify;"><strong>Note:</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA/WWC1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene is one of the 45 unique intelligence-related genes that we analyze in our comprehensive </span><a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/mind-protocol-nm/"><strong><em>Cognitive Function DNA Wellness Report</em></strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. If you&rsquo;re interested in learning more about the genes that affect your cognitive ability, and the actionable steps that you can take to boost your cognition even further, check it out!</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br /><br />You&rsquo;ve probably heard of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/synaptic-plasticity/"><strong>synaptic plasticity</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> before. This important process is key to your ability to learn new things and store new memories.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This is because all the information in your brain is essentially stored in the way that your neurons connect to each other. So, each time you learn a new fact or store a new memory, your neurons have to adjust their connections in order to encode this new information [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18672031"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17506699"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691980"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In this post, we&rsquo;re going to be looking at the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene &ndash; also known as </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">WWC1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &ndash; which plays a major role in determining how much synaptic plasticity your brain is capable of, and which can therefore have a significant influence on your overall cognitive function [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20552044"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]!</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Synaptic plasticity is the main process that allows you to learn new things and store new memories.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>What Does The </strong><strong><em>KIBRA</em></strong><strong> Gene Do?</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/wwc1/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA / WWC1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> codes for the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ki</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">dney and </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">bra</span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">in-expressed</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (KIBRA) protein. As you can probably guess from its name, it is expressed by the kidneys as well as throughout the brain. It is particularly prominent in brain areas that are involved in learning and memory, such as the PFC and the hippocampus [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053149"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18672031"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26768155"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926262"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>KIBRA</em></strong><strong>&rsquo;s primary purpose is to help create AMPA receptors (AMPARs)</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">. AMPARs are the main excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, as well as one of the main brain mechanisms that trigger synaptic plasticity in general [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21943600"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17506699"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26768155"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606085"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Specifically, these receptors play a central role in triggering </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/long-term-potentiation-ltp/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">long-term potentiation</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (LTP) and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">long-term depression</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (LTD), which are two of the main ways that neurons adjust their connections to each other [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052905"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17506699"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931766"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21943600"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. This enables them to store new information &ndash; and these mechanisms are therefore the primary reason that variants in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene can affect synaptic plasticity, and by extension learning and memory ability [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931756"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20552044"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053149"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21976506"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> doesn&rsquo;t just help create these receptors &ndash; </span><strong>it also determines how sensitive you are to the neurotransmitters that stimulate AMPAR activity</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glutamate/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glutamate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17506699"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. This is because this gene also helps control a process called </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">receptor trafficking</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which determines whether receptors are on the outer surface of a neuron (where they can be activated by neurotransmitters), or whether they are withdrawn into the inside of the neuron (where they are inactive) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23778582"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21943600"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405221"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145504"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In other words, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> affects the number of AMPA receptors you have, as well as how sensitive they are &ndash; and </span><strong>this two-pronged effect is most likely why variations in this gene can have such a profound effect on many different aspects of cognitive function</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17506699"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span><strong>.</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, the variations that people carry in their </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene have been associated with:</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Overall cognitive performance [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23778582"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cognitive flexibility [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606085"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Learning and memory [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20552044"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23733450"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23065961"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21976506"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;">Working memory [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19734545">R</a>]</li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AMPA receptors are critical for synaptic plasticity. The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene affects cognitive ability by controlling the number of AMPA receptors you have, as well as how sensitive they are.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>How Does the </strong><strong><em>KIBRA</em></strong><strong> Gene Influence Cognitive Ability?</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many studies have backed up the important role that </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> plays in cognitive performance.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, animals that have their </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene activity reduced (e.g. by &ldquo;knocking out&rdquo; the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene) display significant deficits in learning and memory, presumably as a result of the loss of synaptic plasticity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21943600"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similarly, in humans, depressed patients with cognitive symptoms have significantly lower overall </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene levels compared to healthy controls [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26768155"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25080189"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">], suggesting that low </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels are at least partly for these cognitive impairments.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Carriers of beneficial </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> alleles are also at reduced risk of developing Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18789830"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28859866"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28380666"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25800888"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">], and are more resistant to the effects of cognitive aging [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290728"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29391469"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375362"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">] &ndash; two disorders that famously involve deficits in learning and memory.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">All together, this pattern of results suggest that </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> causes cognitive impairments when its levels are lower, and that the beneficial variants of this gene most likely enhance cognitive performance by increasing the overall levels of this gene.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Low <em>KIBRA</em> levels reduce cognitive performance, whereas relatively higher <em>KIBRA</em> levels are probably responsible for the enhanced cognitive abilities seen in people with beneficial alleles for this gene.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>KIBRA</em></strong><strong> Genotype, and What It Means For You</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Below you can see your genotype for one of the most important and well-studied </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> SNPs, </span><a href="../../snp/rs17070145/"><strong>rs17070145</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">*6652450570232167*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">*3579605375541586*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br />The two possible alleles for this SNP are &lsquo;T&rsquo; and &lsquo;C&rsquo;. </span><strong>When it comes to cognitive function, the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele is the better one to have.</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, one of the first studies in 351 healthy young adults found that people with the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele were 24% better at learning a list of unrelated words, and were ~20% better at being able to remember these words a day later [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053149"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]!</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A more recent study in 140 healthy older adults further confirmed that the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele was associated with significantly better performance on a learning and memory task. This study also recorded brain activity during the learning and memory task, and found that those with the beneficial &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele also had larger hippocampal volumes, as well as better functional connectivity between the hippocampus and other important brain areas, such as the prefrontal cortex [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26156558"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many other studies have also found similar benefits of the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele on memory performance [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20552044"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30134813"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27123786"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">] and overall brain volume [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926262"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21976506"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375362"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">], making this one of the more robust SNPs for cognitive function we currently know about.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">But the advantages don&rsquo;t just stop there: &lsquo;T&rsquo; carriers also seem to be more protected against the cognitive effects of normal aging [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375362"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">], and may be protected against Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29391469"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145504"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]!</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">By contrast, people with the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele show:</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Worse memory performance [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25080189"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smaller brains (lower grey matter volume) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30729420"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Greater risk of Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18789830"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;">Faster and more severe cognitive decline during aging [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375362">R</a>]</li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele for <strong>rs17070145</strong> is associated with enhanced learning and memory, whereas the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele reduces cognitive performance, and may even increase your susceptibility to cognitive aging and Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>What To Do If You Carry </strong><strong><em>KIBRA / WWC1</em></strong><strong> Risk Factors</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you carry the negative &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele for this SNP, don&rsquo;t worry &ndash; there are several good lifestyle hacks and supplements that you can use to balance out the potential negative effects of your </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> genotype!</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">*9263713508739415*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Because low </strong><strong><em>KIBRA</em></strong><strong> levels are the likely culprit behind this gene&rsquo;s negative cognitive effects, one of the best ways to counteract your genotype is to increase your levels of the </strong><strong><em>KIBRA</em></strong><strong> gene directly.</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene activity is inhibited by </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">histone deacetylases</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (HDACs); therefore, inhibiting HDACs can help promote increased </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> activity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29046731"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24642126"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. One of the strongest HDAC inhibitors is </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/butyrate-health-benefits-butyrate-derivatives-sodium-butyrate-phenylbutyrate-trybutyrine-butyric-acid-butyrate-prodrugs-butyrate-producing-bacteria/"><strong><em>sodium butyrate</em></strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which you can supplement with directly. Alternatively, you could also increase your dietary consumption of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/resistant2-resistant-starch-metabolism-autoimmunity-cancer-weight-loss-digestion/"><strong>resistant starches</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which feed the good gut bacteria that naturally produce butyrate in your body [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4368891/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as sodium butyrate, have been found to improve long-term memory (specifically, by targeting the hippocampus, as well as by increasing </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-natural-ways-to-increase-bdnf/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BDNF</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/all-about-nerve-growth-factor-and-50-ways-to-increase-it/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NGF</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273246"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25233278"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669172"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448184"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21540120"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Since the </strong><strong><em>KIBRA</em></strong><strong> gene is responsible for creating AMPA receptors, supplementing with compounds that stimulate AMPA receptor activity is another good approach to help balance out your genotype.</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-15-scientific-health-benefits-of-resveratrol-with-references/"><strong><em>Resveratrol</em></strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a plant compound that enhances synaptic plasticity by increasing AMPA receptors [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25791529"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Its ability to up-regulate AMPA receptors, together with its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, are probably why resveratrol has been found to improve a variety of cognitive abilities [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18291098"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31360188"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30513922"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31214285"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30550811"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Many common foods contain resveratrol, including grapes, berries, several types of nuts, and even red wine. You can also take it as a supplement [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22254006"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Finally, another great way to stimulate AMPA receptors is with the family of cognitive-enhancing (&ldquo;</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">nootropic</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rdquo;) compounds known as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/comparison-aniracetam-oxiracetam-phenylracetam-pramiracetam/"><strong><em>racetams</em></strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15180479"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1372342"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8199398"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17284293"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span><strong>.</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Although there are many different racetams to choose from, we would especially recommend </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-12-benefits-piracetam/"><strong><em>piracetam</em></strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17504104"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163115"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Piracetam&rsquo;s ability to stimulate AMPA receptors may be one of the reasons it has been linked with enhanced learning and memory in both human and animal studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/826948"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6483933"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Piracetam may also help fight against age-related cognitive decline as well [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006732"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The best ways to counteract bad </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">KIBRA</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> alleles are to increase your levels of this gene, and to take supplements that increase the number of AMPA receptors and enhance their sensitivity.</span></span></p>
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23 | content_learn_more_3579605375541586_text == Based on your data for this SNP, your KIBRA genotype is associated with moderately increased synaptic plasticity. This suggests that you are at a slight advantage when it comes to cognitive functions such as learning and memory.
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rsIDs = rs17070145
rsStatus = rs17070145,WWC1,chr5,168418786,C,G,T,,34,0,Normal
