239 | id == 239
239 | category_id == 18
239 | category_order == 15
239 | category_name == Weight
239 | category_color == #C47AC0
239 | slug == CNR1-cannabinoids-obesity
239 | title == The Link Between Cannabinoid System & Weight Gain (CNR1)
239 | meta_description == CNR1 encodes for CB1, a cannabinoid receptor that impacts mental health & metabolism. Click to discover its link with obesity.
239 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Did you know that cannabinoids can affect weight gain? The CB1 receptor and the gene behind it are crucial for this link&mdash;read on to learn the details and check your variants!</strong></p>
239 | overall_score_text == Your Obesity Score (Based on CNR1 Gene)
239 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/CNR1--Weight.jpg
239 | author_id == 9
239 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
239 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
239 | author_order == 45
239 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
239 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
239 | reviewer == None
239 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
239 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
239 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
239 | publish_date == 2020
239 | publish_date == 7
239 | publish_date == 11
239 | avg_rating == 5.0
239 | tags_id == 385
239 | tags_name == Adiponectin
239 | tags_id == 200
239 | tags_name == Appetite
239 | tags_id == 186
239 | tags_name == BMI
239 | tags_id == 35
239 | tags_name == CNR1 Gene
239 | tags_id == 175
239 | tags_name == Coffee
239 | tags_id == 207
239 | tags_name == Exercise
239 | tags_id == 305
239 | tags_name == Fat burning
239 | tags_id == 140
239 | tags_name == Metabolism
239 | tags_id == 165
239 | tags_name == Obesity
239 | tags_id == 306
239 | tags_name == Saturated fat
239 | tags_id == 184
239 | tags_name == Weight Loss
239 | permissions_favorite == False
239 | permissions_rate == False
239 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">This article is for informational purposes only. None of the information here should be taken as medical advice. If you are struggling to maintain a healthy weight, seek medical help. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, which are correlative and aren&rsquo;t necessarily causative. Any single genetic variant will typically contribute only a small proportion to the overall risk of the condition, and non-genetic factors play a large role in developing a condition as well. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at an increased risk of developing this condition!</span></em></p> <table style="width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 54px;"> <td style="width: 100%; text-align: justify; height: 54px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Note:</strong> The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CNR1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;gene is mentioned in the </span><strong><em><a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/mind-protocol-nm/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cognitive Function</a> and <a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/gene-reports/nm/inflammation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Inflammation</a> DNA Wellness Reports</em></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, along with many other genes. If you're looking for comprehensive gene-based guides to enhance cognition and combat inflammation, make sure to check them out!</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Cannabinoid System and CNR1</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Everyone&rsquo;s heard of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-6-unique-super-effective-ways-counteract-negative-performance-effects-cannabismarijuana/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cannabis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, but we still have a lot to learn about the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/the-lectin-sensitive-gene-cannabanoid-receptor-1-genes-cnr1-rs1049353/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cannabinoid system</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&mdash;a common name for complex pathways in our bodies, activated by internal and external cannabinoids.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../article/lectin-sensitive-genes-cnr1-14"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CNR1</span></a><a href="../../gene/cnr1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), one of the primary receptors responsible for stimulating the cannabinoid system, especially in the brain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099629"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21690345"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It&rsquo;s deeply involved in a myriad of processes, including [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407780"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30239920"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19886064"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18213623"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745190"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/nm/mood/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mood</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> control&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Wakefulness</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/factors-counteract-stress-response/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stress response</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cognition/</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/synaptic-plasticity/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">synaptic plasticity</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Metabolism</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Given its complex roles in the mind &amp; body, impairments in the CB1 receptor function can contribute to fatigue, mood &amp; mental health issues, &ldquo;</span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/the-cause-of-brain-fog/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">brain fog</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,&rdquo; metabolic disorders, and more [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17684478"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17976922"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18047561"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">To date, genetic research of the cannabinoid system has mostly focused on cognition and mental health. However, emerging evidence points to the roles in weight control and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucose/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glucose</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> metabolism [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15325960"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285050/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The CNR1 gene encodes the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1). It's a critical part of the cannabinoid system, involved in cognition, mental health, metabolism, inflammation, and more.</span></p> <h3><strong>CB1 Receptor in Obesity &amp; Metabolism</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cannabinoids control food intake and metabolism via the CB1 receptors in the brain, but also the liver, fat tissue, and pancreas [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17141520/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15856067/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Their activation in the brain enhances appetite and the rewarding effects of food [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15856067/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878779/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mice lacking the CB1 receptor are lean, even on a high-fat diet. They are not prone to overeating and have enhanced fat-burning potential [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14770190/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Inhibition of the CB1 receptor causes </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and improves </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin sensitivity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in humans and animals [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478899/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15134279"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On the other hand, overactive cannabinoid system can result in [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17141520/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18426508/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10353436/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Excess fat storage</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Overeating</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Impaired glucose &amp; fat metabolism</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This makes sense given that most people have increased appetite from smoking marijuana, popularly called &ldquo;the munchies&rdquo;. Some marijuana users experience weight gain, but, surprisingly, large studies have observed the opposite effect in a general population [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340377/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204468/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The cannabinoid system controls food intake and metabolism via the CB1 receptor. The excess activity can increase appetite, slow down metabolism, and contribute to weight gain.&nbsp;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>The Link Between CNR1 Variants and Obesity</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Rs1049353 (1359G/A)</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The most studied SNP in this gene is </span><a href="../../../snp/rs1049353/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs1049353</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or 1359G/A. Plenty of studies have examined its link with weight and obesity, but they yielded mixed results.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a large meta-analysis, the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele is associated with a lower body mass index (BMI), while it doesn&rsquo;t seem to impact energy or macronutrient intake [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30016776/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The same allele correlates with gut inflammation and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IBD</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> severity, which indicates a potential link with </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/are-you-lectin-sensitive-using-genes-symptoms-and-blood-tests/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lectin sensitivity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. This SNP might also impact:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Psychological </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/63-factors-raising-stress-cortisol-level-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3817535/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Response to antidepressants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18579347"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Addictive and eating disorders [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769509/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22085192"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19659925/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with the 'T' variant may be protected against obesity, but they are more prone to anxiety and digestive issues.</span></p> <p><strong>Note</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">: "1359G/A" marks the alleles on a negative (-) DNA strand. We always report on a positive strand, where "G/A" becomes "C/T."</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele at rs1049353 is associated with a lower BMI. This SNP may also be involved in gut inflammation, stress response, and mental disorders.</span></p> <h3><strong>Other Variants</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A group of authors analyzed the link between CNR1 variants and obesity in three groups of total 5,750 European subjects. According to their results [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18375449/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele at </span><a href="../../../snp/rs6454674/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs6454674</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> correlates with 52% higher odds of obesity in children.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele at </span><a href="../../../snp/rs2023239/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs2023239</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> correlates with 40% higher odds of obesity in adults.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of 1,452 Japanese subjects, men with the &ldquo;CC&rdquo; genotype at </span><a href="../../../snp/rs806368/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs806368</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> had 70% higher obesity rates [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22976112/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. This variant was associated with a higher waist-hip ratio among 756 Brazilian adults [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3827795/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Three less-known SNPs in the CNR1 gene may correlate with obesity in different populations.</span></p> <h3><strong>How It Works</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The primary SNP, rs1049353, doesn&rsquo;t change the CB1 receptor structure, but it may impair gene expression and receptor activity [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19659925/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30129173/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As discussed, lower activity of the cannabinoid system can prevent weight gain and speed up metabolism. On the other hand, it can have detrimental effects on mental health and inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19732971"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24286185"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17684478"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828614/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Food Intake</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cannabinoids increase appetite and the rewarding effects of food. Discussed variants showed a correlation with impulsive behavior and eating disorders, so they likely influence food intake and appetite [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179391/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19659925/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In one trial, people with rs1049353-T ate significantly less </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/low-carb-diet-vs-high-carb-diet/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">saturated fat</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/cholesterol/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cholesterol</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25664923/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. However, other studies found no difference in energy and nutrient intake [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30016776/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Fat Metabolism</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Animal and clinical studies suggest that cannabinoids (via CB1) impair fat burning and reduce </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/adiponectin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">adiponectin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14770190/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30129173/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. In a 305 subjects trial, those with rs1049353-T had higher adiponectin, compared with the "C" allele carriers [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21892520/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Adiponectin is a fat-derived hormone that enhances fat burning and insulin sensitivity and prevents weight gain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4816148/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">CNR1 variants may change CB1 receptors' activity and thus impact appetite, food preference, and fat metabolism.</span></p> <h3><strong>Limitations</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For rs1049353, some studies observed the opposite effect: increased weight gain and obesity rates among the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele carriers [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23057570/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055343/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. According to one review, 90% of all studies failed to establish any correlation between this SNP and obesity [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30129173/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some papers found no significant effects of CNR1 SNPs on weight, altogether [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17292652/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039277/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20838400/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Drug Research</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The pharmaceutical industry has been trying to leverage the effects of the cannabinoid system on weight loss. In early clinical trials, CB1 inhibitor, </span><strong>rimonabant</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, showed beneficial effects on weight, waist circumference, blood lipids, and glucose metabolism [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478899/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17296341/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rimonabant was approved for obesity treatment in Europe (2006) and Brazil (2007). However, health authorities withdrew it in 2008 due to severe psychiatric adverse effects, including suicide [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136184/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19578688/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><strong>Your CNR1 Results for Obesity</strong></h2> <p>*8878676580948213*</p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNPs:</strong></p> <p><strong>CNR1 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs1049353/"><strong>rs1049353</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = not associated with weight or obesity</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = associated with a lower BMI</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Population Frequency</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Around 45% of European descendants carry the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele. It&rsquo;s less common in other populations, ranging from 31% in South Asians to 6% in Africans.</span></p> <p><strong>CNR1 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs6454674/"><strong>rs6454674</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = not associated with obesity&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = associated with higher obesity rates, especially in children</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Population Frequency</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Around 40-42% of people carry one copy and 8-14% carry both copies of the &ldquo;G&rdquo; allele across all populations.</span></p> <p><strong>CNR1 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs2023239/"><strong>rs2023239</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = not associated with obesity&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = associated with higher obesity rates</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Population Frequency</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Around 71% of Europeans, 42% of Africans, and 95% of East Asians carry both copies of the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele.</span></p> <p><strong>Other Important SNPs:</strong></p> <p><strong>CNR1 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs806368/"><strong>rs806368</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = not associated with obesity</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = associated with higher obesity rates in Japanese men</span></li> </ul> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Population Frequency</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Around 4% of Europeans carry the obesity-associated &ldquo;CC&rdquo; genotype. It&rsquo;s much more common in East Asians (26%) and nearly non-existent in Africans.</span></p> <p>*9390209456178609*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Prevent Weight Gain</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*5307290483781297*</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many dietary and lifestyle factors can </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/49-ways-increase-natural-cannabinoids-without-smoking-pot-including-ways-decrease-cannabinoids/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">change the cannabinoid system activity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Increased activity can be problematic when it comes to weight control, so you might think suppressing CB1 receptors is the way to go.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, that approach could be detrimental to other aspects of your health, so we will target the underlying mechanisms instead. As you were able to see, <em>t</em></span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">he pharmaceutical industry learned this the harder way with the rimonabant failure.</span></em></p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Regular Exercise</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may balance the effect of your variants. It increased adiponectin in a meta-analysis of seven trials and 250 obese children [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5994661/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Resistance and aerobic training are both fantastic approaches to </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. In addition to fat-burning, they improve mood, cognition, and overall health [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1402378/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30003901/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Circadian Rhythm</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research over the past few decades has recognized the importance of circadian biology in obesity, energy balance, and metabolism [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4013188/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. This is particularly relevant to people with CNR1 variants, as excess cannabinoid activity may impair </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/what-it-means-to-keep-to-a-circadian-rhythm/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">circadian rhythm</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927117/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A disrupted circadian rhythm may be why shift workers seem to be at an increased risk of obesity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20122305"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Exercise regularly and fix your circadian rhythm to counteract your variants and shed extra pounds.</span></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Limit Saturated Fat &amp; Omega-6</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with rs1049353-T tend to eat less saturated fat (SF) and cholesterol [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25664923/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. In clinical and animal studies, increased intake of saturated fat correlated with lower adiponectin levels [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27321337/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21519758/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A high omega-6/omega-3 ratio may also worsen your genetic effect by over-stimulating the CB1 receptor and contribute to obesity [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340377/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">R</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808858/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">R</a>].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Swapping SF for omega-3s can improve your weight control [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315420/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. According to a study of over 2,900 subjects, those genetically predisposed to obesity may benefit from limiting their SF intake [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214897/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p>Make sure to avoid unhealthy, processed sources of saturated fat such as pastry and sweets and refined vegetable oils rich in omega-6s. Swap them for omega-3 sources such as fish, walnuts, flaxseed, and <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/hemp-seeds/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">hemp seeds</a>.</p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Partly replace saturated and omega-6 fats with omega-3s to lessen the impact of your variant and prevent weight gain.</span></p> <h4><strong>Olive Oil</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Healthy sources of unsaturated fatty acids are a great replacement for saturated fat. Olive oil may be particularly beneficial for people with CNR1 variants due to its ability to boost adiponectin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452359/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a review of 11 clinical studies, olive oil-enriched diet significantly reduced BMI and waist circumference. Unlike oil in its natural form, supplementation with capsules was not effective [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30461730/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Coffee or Tea</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">CB1 activity stimulates </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/adenosine-health-effects/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">adenosine receptors</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and drops cAMP levels. </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/caffeine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can partly reverse this by blocking adenosine receptors [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931547/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/15/6321"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Coffee &amp; tea consumption is associated with higher adiponectin levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298130/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a 2019 meta-analysis of 12 studies, coffee consumption slightly reduced weight and waist circumference, especially in men [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628169/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Green tea has also shown moderate benefits for weight loss, but the evidence is inconclusive [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19597519/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23235664/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine (100-600 mg/day) increased energy use and fat burning in many smaller clinical trials. Paradoxically, the effects were more pronounced in lean than in overweight people. It also helped maintain weight loss in two long-term studies with 2,500 participants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7293955"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7369170"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7611396"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7486839"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554757"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076989"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Remember that excess caffeine can cause adverse effects such as insomnia, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-anxiety/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">anxiety</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, increased </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/resting-heart-rate/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">heart rate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and blood pressure, and muscle twitching [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12150361"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Olive oil, coffee &amp; tea may counteract your CNR1 gene and enhance fat burning.</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a trial of 30 diabetes patients, a multi-strain </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/probiotics-good-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">probiotic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> supplement boosted adiponectin levels by 72% [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30170781/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. In mice, probiotics increased adiponectin expression in fat tissue [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7010303/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29772287/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a meta-analysis of 15 clinical trials, probiotic supplementation significantly improved weight loss [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29047207/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. However, a smaller review found no significant benefits, so the research is inconclusive [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26032481/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a6probiotic-for-weight-loss-belly-fat-metabolism/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Read this post</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to learn more about the effects of probiotics on weight loss.</span></p> <h4><strong>Garcinia</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The active compound from </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/garcinia-cambogia/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Garcinia cambogia</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, hydroxycitric acid, can boost adiponectin levels and fat burning [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30827101"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In multiple clinical trials, Garcinia reduced weight and body fat [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11134690"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11092233"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24944404"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056124"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. A review of 12 studies found that, on average, supplementation with </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Garcinia </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">was associated with weight loss of about 2 pounds (0.88 kg) over several weeks [</span><a href="http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jobes/2011/509038/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Probiotics and Garcinia may lessen the impact of your SNPs and support weight loss.</span></p>
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239 | content_learn_more_9390209456178609_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your CNR1 gene is associated with slightly higher obesity rates. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of obesity, just one gene related to it. Exercise regularly, limit the intake of saturated fat, and follow other gene-based tips to maintain a healthy weight. Keep reading to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs806368,rs6454674,rs2023239,rs1049353
rsStatus = rs806368,CNR1,chr6,88140381,T,A,C,,19,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs6454674,CNR1,chr6,88163211,T,G,,,10,9,HET
rsStatus = rs2023239,CNR1,chr6,88150763,T,C,,,31,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1049353,CNR1,chr6,88143916,C,A,T,,41,1,HET
