258 | id == 258
258 | category_id == 14
258 | category_order == 12
258 | category_name == Nutrition
258 | category_color == #C47AC0
258 | slug == TMPRSS6-nutrition
258 | title == How Can This Gene Prevent Iron Absorption from Food? (TMPRSS6)
258 | meta_description == TMPRSS6 regulates hepcidin, which in turn controls iron absorption from food. What happens if it's not working correctly?
258 | summary == <p><strong>The <em>TMPRSS6 </em>gene regulates hepcidin, a protein that controls iron absorption from food. What happens if TMPRSS6 is not working correctly? Read on to find out.</strong></p>
258 | overall_score_text == Iron Status Score (based on TMPRSS6)
258 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/TMPRSS6--Nutrients-Iron-deficiency.jpg
258 | author_id == 1
258 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
258 | author_title == BSc, BEd
258 | author_order == 36
258 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
258 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
258 | reviewer_id == 14
258 | reviewer_name == Shany Lahan
258 | reviewer_title == MS (Neuroscience)
258 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
258 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
258 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
258 | publish_date == 2020
258 | publish_date == 8
258 | publish_date == 4
258 | avg_rating == 5.0
258 | tags_id == 183
258 | tags_name == Diet
258 | tags_id == 552
258 | tags_name == Iron
258 | tags_id == 554
258 | tags_name == Iron Deficiency
258 | tags_id == 578
258 | tags_name == Nutrient Deficiency
258 | tags_id == 261
258 | tags_name == nutrition
258 | tags_id == 577
258 | tags_name == TMPRSS6 Gene
258 | permissions_favorite == False
258 | permissions_rate == False
258 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you have any serious health concerns related to possible nutritional deficiencies or other dietary issues, it is important to discuss these concerns with your doctor. The information in this post is presented for educational purposes only, and should not be used to replace standard medical care.</span></em></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">What is TMPRSS6?</span></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(transmembrane protease serine 6 or matriptase-2) is a gene that encodes a liver cell enzyme. This enzyme is necessary for the liver to remodel and regenerate itself [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/TMPRSS6"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">also decreases the production of a&nbsp; hormone called </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/hepcidin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">hepcidin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Hepcidin regulates the amount of dietary iron that is absorbed into the bloodstream. Hence, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">helps keep blood iron levels from getting too low [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/TMPRSS6"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hepcidin, Iron Regulation &amp; the Immune System</span></h3> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">and hepcidin are not only involved in regulating iron absorption, they are also required to mount a successful immune response to infection [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/TMPRSS6"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676888/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Liver cells produce hepcidin in response to </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-6</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (an inflammatory cytokine) or high </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/transferrin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">transferrin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels. Transferrin is a protein that binds iron in the blood, so a high amount of transferrin is a good indicator that blood iron levels are high [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538257/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240030/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hepcidin is important because high levels of iron in the blood can be toxic. Decreasing iron levels is also beneficial during an infection, as almost all pathogens require iron to reproduce, and the iron in our bodies is their only source [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538257/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978192/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676888/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene regulates the expression of hepcidin, which in turn regulates the amount of iron absorbed from food.</span></span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dangers of Iron Deficiency</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If a person does not get enough iron from their diet or from supplements, their body&rsquo;s iron stores will become depleted, leading to </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/increase-decrease-red-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">red blood cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> being produced with below-normal oxygen-binding capacity. This level of deficiency gradually progresses to iron-deficiency anemia [</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/iron-balance-blood-test-iron-deficiency-anemia-overload/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Common symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia include weakness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. In more severe cases, it can cause immune dysfunction, poor temperature regulation, and cognitive impairment [</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/iron-balance-blood-test-iron-deficiency-anemia-overload/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, affecting 66 &ndash; 80% of the world&rsquo;s population [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051880.htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/66914/1/WHO_NHD_01.3.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is especially common during pregnancy, affecting 40% &ndash; 50% of women and their infants [</span><a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/66914/1/WHO_NHD_01.3.pdf?ua=1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://jn.nutrition.org/content/131/2/565S.long"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iron deficiency is the leading nutritional cause of anemia [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051880.htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/66914/1/WHO_NHD_01.3.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dangers of Iron Overload</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Excessive blood iron, known as iron toxicity (or acute iron overload), can be just as dangerous as iron deficiency, so caution is recommended for those who decide to take iron supplements [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2870463"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Taking 20 mg of elemental iron per kg of body weight can cause vomiting and diarrhea. In severe cases, taking about 60 mg of iron per kg of body weight can cause blood loss, multiple organ dysfunction, and death [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2870463"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459224/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12824662"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even if you have detrimental </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants and a predisposition toward iron deficiency, we strongly recommend talking to your doctor before supplementing with iron.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Both iron deficiency and iron overload can have serious health consequences, so it&rsquo;s important to keep this vital nutrient in balance.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6 Variants &amp; Iron</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At least three </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/tmprss6/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants have been associated with blood iron levels and incidence of iron deficiency: </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs4820268/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs4820268</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs855791/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs855791</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs228916/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs228916</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178047/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215164/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At rs4820268, the less common &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele is associated with lower blood iron levels and possible iron deficiency. Similarly, the less common &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele at rs855791 is associated with relatively lower blood iron levels in the majority of studies, though its effect may vary with population [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135421/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178047/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043660/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At rs228916, the rare &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele is associated with slightly higher blood iron than the common &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele. Here, the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele may be somewhat protective against iron deficiency, but more common in those prone to iron overload [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215164/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your TMPRSS6 Results for Iron Deficiency</span></h2> <p>*6556207930630693*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNP Summary and Table</span></h3> <p><strong><em>TMPRSS6 </em></strong><strong>rs4820268</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Not associated with decreased blood iron</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with decreased blood iron and possible iron deficiency</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 69% of all people worldwide have at least one copy of the &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele is significantly less common in people of African descent (48%).</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><em>TMPRSS6 </em></strong><strong>rs855791</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher blood iron levels in most studies</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower blood iron levels in most studies</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 60% of all people worldwide have at least one copy of the &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele is significantly less common in people of African descent (19%).</span></li> </ul> <p><strong><em>TMPRSS6 </em></strong><strong>rs228916</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower blood iron levels</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher blood iron levels</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 86% of all people worldwide have the &lsquo;TT&rsquo; genotype.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;TT&rsquo; genotype is almost ubiquitous in people of East Asian descent (99.6%).</span></li> </ul> <p>*6786523256104335*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations for Increasing Iron Levels</span></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You may try the complementary approaches listed below if you and your doctor determine that they could be appropriate for you. Discuss the strategies listed here with your doctor. Remember that none of them should ever be done in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></em></p> <p>*9405521168457128*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet</span></h3> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Adequate Dietary Iron</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The daily recommended intake of iron for adult men is 8 mg and for adult women is 18 mg. Women who bleed heavily during their menstrual cycles may need more [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Infants and children 1 to 3 years require 11 and 7 mg/day, respectively, while children aged 4 &ndash; 8 and 9 &ndash; 13 require at least 10 and 8 mg/day, respectively, in order to decrease the risk of developmental delays and behavioral disturbances [</span><a href="https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads//recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051880.htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iron-rich foods include beef, liver, oysters, and beans [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Avoid Antinutrients</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Because detrimental </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TMPRSS6</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> alleles may decrease iron absorption from food, it is especially important to avoid other factors that likewise decrease absorption.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Certain substances commonly found in food may decrease the absorption of iron from food. These are known as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/15-inflammatory-substances-naturally-found-plant-based-foods/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">antinutrients</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and include </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/phytic-acid-the-ultimate-anti-aging-compound/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">phytates</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (from nuts, seeds, and whole grains), tannins (from coffee, tea, and wine), </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/calcium-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">calcium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and certain egg and milk proteins [</span><a href="https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/49/1/140/4716267?redirectedFrom=fulltext"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6402915"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10999016"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6896705"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8490006"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1957820"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/941868"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Some foods are rich in iron, while others contain antinutrients that may reduce the amount of iron that can be absorbed.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplements</span></h3> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iron</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In many populations, the amount of iron absorbed from the diet is not enough to meet most individual requirements, especially during infancy, intense </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and pregnancy, where biological iron needs are the highest [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22123641?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17486170"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If the amount of absorbable iron in the diet cannot be readily improved, iron supplementation is required to prevent iron deficiency anemia. This is often the case for children 6-24 months of age and pregnant women [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4916933/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235616"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22043885?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iron supplements are necessary for the rapid treatment of severe iron deficiency anemia in men and women of all age groups [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4462328/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iron supplementation is not recommended to people who are not iron deficient. Talk to your doctor about appropriate blood tests if you suspect that you may have a deficiency.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Iron supplements are typically only recommended to people who are actively iron deficient. Talk to your doctor about whether they are appropriate for you.</span></p> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Absorption of iron from vegetable-based meals may be increased as much as sixfold if the meal is accompanied by large quantities of </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/need-know-vitamin-c-32-science-based-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin C</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6940487"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6940487?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C and citric acid enhance iron absorption in the small intestine [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8416300"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similarly, a study found that vitamin C intake was positively correlated with iron status in women [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210711"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C also helps with iron absorption in the presence of antinutrients, including </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/phytic-acid-the-ultimate-anti-aging-compound/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">phytates</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, polyphenols, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/calcium-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">calcium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and proteins [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911999"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1989423"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3717066"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin C can be found in foods like citrus fruit, peppers, and cruciferous vegetables [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin A</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Phytates found in whole grains and legumes decrease iron absorption. When you eat them, add foods rich in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/importance-real-vitamin-retinol/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin A </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">and beta-carotene &ndash; research shows that they can increase iron absorption and can override the influence of phytates [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2820048"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11347293"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9482776"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Foods rich in vitamin A and beta-carotene include carrots, sweet potatoes, fish, cantaloupe, bell peppers, squash, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/grapefruit/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">grapefruit</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies have found that vitamin A (</span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/importance-real-vitamin-retinol/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">retinol</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) helps treat iron-deficiency anemia and can improve iron status in children and pregnant women [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11965502"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11925487"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Vitamins C and A may increase the amount of iron absorbed from plant foods containing phytate. These vitamins may be taken as supplements, and they are also abundant in many foods.</span></p>
258 | content_snp_table_6556207930630693_key == 6556207930630693
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258 | content_snp_table_6556207930630693_hidden == False
258 | content_learn_more_6786523256104335_key == 6786523256104335
258 | content_learn_more_6786523256104335_blur == True
258 | content_learn_more_6786523256104335_hidden == False
258 | content_learn_more_6786523256104335_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your TMPRSS6 gene is somewhat associated with low blood iron levels. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of iron deficiency; it’s just one gene related to it. Iron-rich foods and other essential vitamins may help; read on to learn more.
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rsIDs = rs228916,rs4820268,rs855791
rsStatus = rs228916,TMPRSS6,chr22,37109512,C,A,G,T,40,1,HET
rsStatus = rs4820268,TMPRSS6,chr22,37073551,G,A,C,T,37,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs855791,TMPRSS6,chr22,37066896,A,G,T,,40,0,Normal
