279 | id == 279
279 | category_id == 19
279 | category_order == 16
279 | category_name == Pain
279 | category_color == #C47AC0
279 | slug == NOS3-NOS2-pain
279 | title == Can Too Much Nitric Oxide Trigger Migraines? (NOS2, NOS3)
279 | meta_description == NOS2 & NOS3 produce the signalling molecule nitric oxide, but can too much of a good thing trigger migraines?
279 | summary == <p><strong><em>NOS2 </em>&amp; <em>NOS3 </em>produce the signalling molecule nitric oxide, but can too much of a good thing trigger migraines? Read on to learn more.</strong></p>
279 | overall_score_text == Migraine Score (based on NOS)
279 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/NOS3--Pain-Headaches-Migraine.jpg
279 | author_id == 1
279 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
279 | author_title == BSc, BEd
279 | author_order == 36
279 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
279 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
279 | reviewer_id == 14
279 | reviewer_name == Shany Lahan
279 | reviewer_title == MS (Neuroscience)
279 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
279 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
279 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
279 | publish_date == 2020
279 | publish_date == 8
279 | publish_date == 18
279 | avg_rating == 3.6666666666666665
279 | tags_id == 69
279 | tags_name == Headache
279 | tags_id == 31
279 | tags_name == Migraine
279 | tags_id == 189
279 | tags_name == NOS2 Gene
279 | tags_id == 174
279 | tags_name == NOS3 Gene
279 | tags_id == 39
279 | tags_name == Oxidative Stress
279 | permissions_favorite == False
279 | permissions_rate == False
279 | content_article == <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you have persistent or unexplained pain, it is important to discuss these concerns with your doctor. The information in this post is presented for educational purposes only, and should not be used to replace standard medical care.</span></em></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">What are the Nitric Oxide Synthases?</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The nitric oxide synthase (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOS</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) family of genes encode the NOS family of proteins, which produce nitric oxide from the amino acid </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-arginine/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">arginine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/NOS2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/NOS3"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOS3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene codes for the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOS3</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> protein, which is short for </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/gene/nos3/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002"><span style="font-weight: 400;">nitric oxide synthase 3</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. NOS3 is most abundant in the inner lining of the blood vessels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16585403"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16416260"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nitric oxide is a messenger molecule with multiple functions in the immune and nervous systems. Additionally, NOS3-derived nitric oxide increases blood flow and lowers the risk of heart disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6728140/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196271"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Can Nitric Oxide Cause Headaches?</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While nitric oxide is generally protective against conditions such as </span><a href="../../article/heart-disease-nos3-54/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">heart disease</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="../../article/nos3-ards-138/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lung failure</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, it may actually cause migraines [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14521592"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081524/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935643/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nitroglycerin, which causes the release of nitric oxide, can be used to induce </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatment-migraines/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">migraine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in experimental models. Nitric oxide is believed to cross the blood-brain barrier and set off a series of reactions that can increase oxidative stress in the brain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935643/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28984313/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOS3 also dilates (widens) the blood vessels by activating a pathway that decreases the amount of free </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/calcium-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">calcium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. The low free calcium levels cause vessel relaxation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2932548/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320667/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2964902/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For a long time, vasodilation (widening of the blood vessels) was believed to be the primary cause of migraine pain, though more recent evidence has thrown this hypothesis into question. However, researchers agree that nitric oxide itself almost certainly plays a role in migraines regardless of whether vasodilation has anything to do with it [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5083225/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Is High Nitric Oxide Bad?</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you&rsquo;ve read any of our other posts on </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOS3</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, you may have noticed something: in many other conditions, nitric oxide is beneficial. For example, NOS3-derived NO lowers the risk of heart disease by increasing blood flow [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6728140/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196271"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">NO breaks down the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/oxidative-stress-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">free radical</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> superoxide, both directly and by activating an antioxidant enzyme. By protecting the tissue lining from this molecule, it preserves its function and prevents vessel stiffness [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14521592"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC300857/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Increased NOS3 activity has also been suggested to prevent a dangerous respiratory condition called ARDS. In a study in mice, a hormone (omentin) that activates NOS3 was able to reduce lung damage leading to ARDS [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5059868/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As you can see, NOS3 is beneficial for blood flow, heart health, and lung tissue protection, but potentially harmful in migraine. Because of its benefits, we don&rsquo;t recommend actively trying to decrease </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOS3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">expression. However, if you have </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOS3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">variants that increase expression, you may want to avoid certain foods and supplements that increase it further.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">NOS3 produces nitric oxide, which in turn reduces oxidative stress, widens blood vessels, and protects the lungs from damage. However, high nitric oxide has also been found to trigger migraines.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nitric Oxide Gene Variants &amp; Migraines</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At least four </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOS </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene variants have been associated with migraine: rs2070744, rs743506, rs1799983, and rs2297518 [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24845269/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21332392/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25937798/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865486/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At rs2070744, the minor &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele is associated with higher NOS3 activity and greater incidence of migraines. Similarly, the minor &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele at rs2297518 is associated with higher NOS2 and more migraines [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24845269/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://soeagra.com/abr/abrnov2016/4a.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865486/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The relationship at the other two SNPs may be a little more complicated. At rs743506, at least two studies so far have found that a single copy of the minor &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele (the heterozygous &lsquo;AG&rsquo; genotype) may be protective against migraines. The heterozygous &lsquo;AG&rsquo; genotype in this variant has been associated with lower rates of migraine compared to both the homozygous &lsquo;AA&rsquo; and &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotypes [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21332392/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22865486/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Finally, at rs1799983, the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele has been associated with more frequent migraines in non-White patients. The homozygous minor &lsquo;TT&rsquo; genotype has also been linked to migraines of longer duration [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413442/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476787/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Genetic variants that dramatically increase nitric oxide production have been linked to higher frequency and longer duration of migraines.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your NOS Gene Results for Migraine</span></h2> <p>*1501027647299180*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNP Summary and Table</span></h3> <p><strong>NOS3 rs2070744</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Lower expression of NOS3, not associated with migraine</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Higher expression of NOS3, associated with migraine</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>NOS3 rs743506</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;AA&rsquo; or &lsquo;GG&rsquo; = Associated with average frequency of migraine</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;AG&rsquo; = Possibly protective against migraine</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>NOS3 rs1799983</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with migraine</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with longer and more frequent migraines</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>NOS2 rs2297518</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Lower expression of NOS2, not associated with migraine</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Higher expression of NOS2, associated with migraine</span></li> </ul> <p>*7012976662094641*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations for Preventing Migraine</span></h2> <p>*2825503021219993*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nutrients</span></h3> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Magnesium</span></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/21-proven-science-based-reasons-magnesium-amazing-including-drawbacks/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Magnesium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> deficiency is present in up to half of migraine patients. Magnesium is also essential for the removal of trapped nitric oxide from within the cell, which does not occur under low magnesium levels [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22426836"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The richest dietary sources of magnesium include spinach, nuts, and legumes. Magnesium is also available as a supplement [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin B6</span></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Migraines have been linked to vitamin B6 deficiency. </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/vitamin-b6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin B6</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, like magnesium, modulates nitric oxide in the cell, which is another mechanism by which deficiency causes vasodilation [</span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14584010"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin B6 is readily available in organ meats, legumes, fish, and potatoes, among other sources. It is also available as a supplement, often in combination with other B vitamins [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Coffee and Tea</span></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/caffeine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> has been found to decrease the amount of nitric oxide exhaled by human subjects, suggesting that it could inhibit nitric oxide production. It may also constrict the blood vessels in the brain; this effect may be beneficial in patients whose migraines stem from vasodilation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1746303/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2748160/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine is a part of different FDA-approved drugs for migraine and tension headaches, along with Tylenol, aspirin, sumatriptan, diclofenac, and others [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10524663/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14756851/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3452084/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484257/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256978/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917936/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170908/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 2 clinical trials on almost 350 people, caffeine (administered into veins or taken by mouth) helped prevent postoperative headaches [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7497559/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9212763/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ironically, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatment-migraines/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">headache</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is one of the most common symptoms of caffeine withdrawal, which can be a limitation for its long-term use [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430790/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine is included in many migraine-specific painkiller combinations. In the diet, it is most often ingested in coffee or </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/theaflavins/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">black tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Caffeine is considered effective against migraines and is often added to migraine medication. It may work by decreasing nitric oxide synthesis and constricting blood vessels in the brain.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Feverfew</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sometimes called medieval aspirin, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/feverfew-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">feverfew</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> has been traditionally used as a treatment for fever, rheumatism, arthritis, toothache, psoriasis, insect bites, asthma, stomachache, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatment-migraines/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">headaches</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, infertility, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, menstrual problems and migraine [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23875764"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Feverfew extracts have been found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide in cell studies. It is unclear whether it has a similar effect in human bodies; however, it does seem to reduce the symptoms of migraine [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21928368/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An active compound in feverfew reduces </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-serotonin"><span style="font-weight: 400;">serotonin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> release by platelets (blood clot-forming cells) and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-and-decrease-white-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">white blood cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and blocks serotonin receptors. During a migraine attack, increased serotonin release may cause inflammation and stimulate nerves, causing pain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2860288"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11603284"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29034461"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17970989"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 3 clinical trials on almost 400 people, feverfew extract reduced the number and severity of the attacks, the number of attacks requiring bed rest, and the frequency of vomiting [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12230594"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16232154"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2899663"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In another trial on 69 women with frequent migraines, the combination of feverfew and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/acupuncture-benefits-mechanisms-risks/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">acupuncture</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> had better effects on pain management and quality of life than either of these strategies alone [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22961605"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Combinations of feverfew and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/scientifically-proven-health-benefits-of-ginger/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ginger</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (LipiGesic and Gelstat) were also effective in 2 trials of 89 people. Similarly, another combination of feverfew and willow extract (Mig-RL) prevented migraine attacks and reduced their intensity in a small trial on 12 people [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21631494"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16127373"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163262"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a small trial on 17 people, capsules with freeze-dried feverfew prevented the worsening of headaches, nausea, and vomiting but caused a withdrawal-like syndrome with migraine symptoms and joint stiffness when participants switched from feverfew to placebo [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/3929876/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, feverfew extract did not improve migraine symptoms in a trial on 50 people [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195074"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In another trial on 49 people, feverfew combined with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/riboflavin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">riboflavin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/21-proven-science-based-reasons-magnesium-amazing-including-drawbacks/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">magnesium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> had no benefit over riboflavin alone at preventing migraine attacks [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15447697"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Feverfew, sometimes called medieval aspirin, may work in part by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide.</span></p>
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279 | content_learn_more_7012976662094641_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your NOS3 gene is somewhat associated with increased frequency and/or duration of migraine. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of migraines, just one gene related to it. Caffeine, feverfew, and some nutritional supplements may help; read on to learn more.
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rsIDs = rs2297518,rs2070744,rs743506,rs1799983
rsStatus = rs2297518,NOS2,chr17,27769571,G,A,,,40,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs2070744,NOS3,chr7,150992991,C,G,T,,36,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs743506,NOS3,chr7,151009827,G,A,C,,20,10,HET
rsStatus = rs1799983,NOS3,chr7,150999023,T,A,G,,31,0,Normal
