28 | id == 28
28 | category_id == 6
28 | category_order == 4
28 | category_name == Thyroid
28 | category_color == #C47AC0
28 | slug == low-thyroid-autoimmune-PTPN22
28 | title == The Role of Genes in Thyroid Autoimmunity (PTPN22)
28 | meta_description == PTPN22 variants are strongly associated with thyroid autoimmunity. Check your genes and get tailored tips here.
28 | summary == <p><strong>Scientists have identified variations in the PTPN22 gene associated with significantly higher rates of autoimmune thyroid disorders! Read on to learn how this gene impacts the thyroid and check your genetic data.</strong></p>
28 | overall_score_text == Thyroid Autoimmunity Score (Based on PTPN22 Gene)
28 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/Is-This-Gene-Causing-Your-Autoimmune-Hypothyroidism-PTPN22_JPG.jpg
28 | author_id == 9
28 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
28 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
28 | author_order == 45
28 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
28 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
28 | reviewer_id == 1
28 | reviewer_name == Jasmine Foster
28 | reviewer_title == BSc, BEd
28 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
28 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
28 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
28 | publish_date == 2019
28 | publish_date == 8
28 | publish_date == 28
28 | avg_rating == 5.0
28 | tags_id == 33
28 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
28 | tags_id == 242
28 | tags_name == B cells
28 | tags_id == 81
28 | tags_name == Diabetes Type 1
28 | tags_id == 83
28 | tags_name == Grave's Disease
28 | tags_id == 267
28 | tags_name == Graves' ophthalmopathy
28 | tags_id == 48
28 | tags_name == Hashimoto's
28 | tags_id == 265
28 | tags_name == Heavy metals
28 | tags_id == 43
28 | tags_name == Hypothyroidism
28 | tags_id == 117
28 | tags_name == Levothyroxine
28 | tags_id == 47
28 | tags_name == PTPN22 Gene
28 | tags_id == 41
28 | tags_name == Thyroid
28 | tags_id == 235
28 | tags_name == TNF-alpha
28 | tags_id == 232
28 | tags_name == Vitamin D
28 | permissions_favorite == False
28 | permissions_rate == False
28 | content_article == <table style="width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The <em>PTPN22</em> gene is mentioned in the</span> <a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/gene-reports/inflammation/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation Report</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, along with many other genes. If you're looking for a comprehensive report that reveals how your genes impact the inflammatory response, check it out.</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>The PTPN22 Gene</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/ptpn22/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (or LYP) gene encodes a protein from the PTP (protein tyrosine phosphatases) family. This protein regulates the development and function of T cells, B cells, and other immune system components [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/PTPN22"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More precisely, it controls the antiviral immune response and prevents excessive inflammation that can harm the healthy tissue and trigger autoimmunity [</span><a href="https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(13)00280-X"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mutations in the PTPN22 gene can cause defective protein synthesis and uncontrolled immune response; they are associated with a range of autoimmune disorders [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4375551/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The PTPN22 gene encodes a protein that controls the antiviral immune response and prevents excessive inflammation. Mutations in this gene are associated with various autoimmune disorders.</span></p> <h2><strong>The Link Between PTPN22 and Thyroid Autoimmunity</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Hashimoto's Disease</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a study conducted on almost 40,000 people, two PTPN22 variations&mdash;</span><a href="../../snp/rs2476601/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs2476601</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="../../snp/rs6679677/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs6679677</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&mdash;have the strongest correlation with hypothyroidism</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Carriers of minor &ldquo;A&rdquo; alleles on these variations had 36% higher rates of hypothyroidism, compared with people who carry major alleles (G and C, respectively) [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321023/">R</a>].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Given the well-known role of PTPN22 in the immune response and inflammation, this link likely stems from <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/hashimotos/">Hashimoto&rsquo;s disease</a>, the leading cause of hypothyroidism in the west [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459262/">R</a>].</span></p> <h3><strong>Graves&rsquo; Disease</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The above variant, rs2476601, also showed a significant connection with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/graves-disease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Graves&rsquo; disease</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or autoimmune hyperthyroidism. In two British studies of 2,700 total participants, the &ldquo;A&rdquo; allele was associated with 43-88% higher GD rates [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15504986"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/89/11/5862/2844812"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Two studies of over 900 Polish subjects confirmed this link. They also found that people with the &ldquo;A&rdquo; allele get diagnosed younger [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6565548/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15943829"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The same allele correlated with 85% higher rates of Graves&rsquo; disease in a Chinese meta-analysis of three clinical trials [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16760194"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Minor &ldquo;A&rdquo; alleles on two PTPN22 variants&mdash;rs2476601 and rs6679677&mdash;correlate with higher rates of autoimmune thyroid disorders.</span></span></p> <h3><strong>How It Works</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As mentioned, mutations in the PTPN22 gene often lead to an overactive immune response, which may harm healthy tissue. One of the possible outcomes autoimmune thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis).</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scientists haven&rsquo;t figured out the exact mechanism by which these variations cause harm. The key may lie in defective PTP (protein tyrosine phosphatase) production, which disables the protein and prevents the removal of self-attacking </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/lymphocytes/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lymphocytes</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (T and B cells) [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/PTPN22"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383194/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, PTPN22 variants may [</span><a href="https://www.cell.com/immunity/fulltext/S1074-7613(13)00280-X"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article/18/3/569/2527125"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.jimmunol.org/content/197/2/429"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.jimmunol.org/content/194/7/2977"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:&nbsp;</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hinder an antimicrobial immune response</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Increase the activity of Th1 and Th17 cells</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Suppress regulatory T cells (Tregs)</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As a result, the immune system creates antibodies to different structures in the thyroid gland, thus suppressing its functions and lowering thyroid hormones.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The underlying mechanism of PTPN22-associated autoimmunity probably includes inflammation from overactive T-cells, B-cells, and cytokines. The suppression of regulatory T-cells allows for a self-destructive immune response.</span></p> <h3><strong>Other Autoimmune Conditions</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Conditions associated with risk variants of PTPN22 (rs2476601-A) include but are not limited to [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875134/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4375551/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(19)30094-0/fulltext"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2019/05170/The_association_between_rs2476601_polymorphism_in.11.aspx"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/gene201246.pdf?origin=ppub"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321023/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ol> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (a chronic joint disorder in children)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Type 1 diabetes</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitiligo (autoimmune skin discoloration)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Myasthenia Gravis (a type of muscle weakness)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Alopecia Areata (autoimmune bald spots)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Drug-induced liver injury&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Addison's Disease</span></li> </ol> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Luckily, the problematic allele &ldquo;A&rdquo; on rs2476601 is present in 2.7% of the world population and 9.4% of the people of European ancestry. It&rsquo;s nearly nonexistent in African and Asian populations.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Autoimmune diseases of the skin, gut, brain, and eyes showed a less significant association with this gene [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/gene201246.pdf?origin=ppub"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the case of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Crohn's disease</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, the "A" allele actually showed an inverse correlation (around 16% lower odds) [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/gene201246.pdf?origin=ppub"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Besides thyroiditis, PTPN22 is associated with other autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and lupus. Luckily, only 2.7% of the world population carries the risk allele.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your PTPN22 Results for Thyroid Autoimmunity</strong></h2> <p><strong><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You can see your genotype for key PTPN22</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> SNPs in the table below. However, keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, and more research will be needed to know what role (if any) these variants play in actually </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">causing</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> thyroid disorders. Also, many different factors &mdash; including other genetic and environmental factors &mdash; can influence thyroid health. Just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at an increased risk of developing a thyroid disorder!</span></em></strong></p> <p>*8500361011384261*</p> <p><strong>Primary SNPs</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">:&nbsp;</span></p> <p><strong>PTPN22 <a href="../../snp/rs2476601/">rs2476601</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321023/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&ldquo;A&rdquo; allele correlates with autoimmune thyroid disorders</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&ldquo;G&rdquo; allele doesn&rsquo;t correlate with autoimmune thyroid disorders</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>PTPN22 </strong><a href="../../snp/rs6679677/"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>rs6679677</strong></span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321023/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&ldquo;A&rdquo; allele correlates with autoimmune hypothyroidism</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&ldquo;C&rdquo; allele doesn&rsquo;t correlate with autoimmune hypothyroidism</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">*3854592810956592*</span></p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Support the Thyroid</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">There isn&rsquo;t a known way to prevent Graves&rsquo; or Hashimoto&rsquo;s disease, but doctors can successfully treat these conditions with medications once diagnosed.</span></em></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">The symptoms of Graves' disease can include sudden </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, increased </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/resting-heart-rate/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">heart rate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, sweating, and shaky hands. Hashimoto's disease can manifest with fatigue, a pale and puffy face, weight gain, and intolerance to cold temperatures. If you think you may be experiencing any of these symptoms, it's essential to consult with your doctor to ensure you get adequate medical care [</span><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hashimotos-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20351855"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/graves-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20356240"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]!</span></em></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the following sections, we'll detail some lifestyle, diet, and supplement choices that may help improve overall health and reduce inflammation, potentially reducing the impact of your HLA genes on thyroid health. </span></em><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, keep in mind these are complementary and preventative approaches, which should not replace conventional medical treatment. Be sure to discuss any significant lifestyle changes or new supplements with your doctor first!</span></em></p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/heavy-metals-detox/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Heavy metals</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> such as mercury and cadmium can contribute to thyroiditis and other PTPN22-related autoimmune disorders [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7704000"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A 2013 study named Th17 cells &ldquo;key players in heavy-metal-elicited autoimmunity&rdquo;. Mercury ions over-activate Th17 and spike inflammatory IL-17 in exposed humans and animals [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3787652/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Heavy metals suppress Tregs and disrupt Th1/Th2 balance, which may trigger autoimmunity in susceptible individuals [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18362915/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17785298/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In other words, if you have the above PTPN22 variants, heavy metals will add fuel to the fire.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Removal of mercury-containing dental amalgams cut thyroid antibodies in half in 27 people with mercury allergies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16804512"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of over 5,600 Chinese adults, women exposed to more cadmium had higher thyroglobulin antibody levels. Sources of cadmium exposure include cigarette smoke, processed and instant foods, and contaminated large ocean fish [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28667913"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056571/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Check out our </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/heavy-metals-detox/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">list of safe and proven ways to detox heavy metals</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Heavy metals may contribute to PTPN22-associated autoimmune hypothyroidism. Make sure to avoid mercury and cadmium exposure, and consider doing a heavy metal detox.</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Myo-inositol</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pinitol from </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/carob/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">carob</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can directly suppress PTPN22 and reduce its ability to spike </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and other inflammatory markers. As a result, it may alleviate autoimmune conditions associated with this gene [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5408901/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Carob also contains different types of inositol, which suppress inflammation in a similar way and support the function of regulatory T cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29544771"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779868/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17917066"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, tiny amounts of pinitol and inositol in carob probably wouldn&rsquo;t make a meaningful difference and suppress PTPN22. <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/myoinositol/">Myo-inositol</a> supplements may have more pronounced effects, but clinical research hasn't verified this</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Myo-inositol, often combined with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-selenium/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">selenium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, was particularly effective for autoimmune hypothyroidism in a couple of smaller clinical trials [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30506520"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5331475/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Vitamin D</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may prevent autoimmunity by targeting the PTPN22-related mechanisms; it increases the activity of Tregs while suppressing inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells [</span><a href="http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/548086/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17911375/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6047889/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At the same time, vitamin D stimulates Th2 activity and the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11673504/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with thyroid autoimmunity have significantly lower vitamin D levels compared with healthy controls, and they may benefit from supplementation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28697689"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29528579"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24609834"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Myo-inositol and vitamin D may help with PTPN22-related autoimmunity. Both supplements have shown promising results for Hashimoto&rsquo;s disease, but more research is needed to verify their effectiveness.</span></p> <h4>Probiotics and Fiber</h4> <p><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/gut-bacteria-microbiome/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gut microbiome</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> disturbances play an important role in thyroid autoimmunity. Strains such as </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-salivarius/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. salivarius</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-l-plantarum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. plantarum</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-lactis/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. lactis</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may counteract your <em>PTPN22</em> variant by boosting Tregs and suppressing Th17 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29320965"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6158725/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4723764/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28294465"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30134660"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucomannan-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Glucomannan</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a prebiotic fiber, feeds the gut probiotics and relieves inflammation. It may help reduce thyroid hormones in Graves' disease patients, but the evidence is limited [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18460488"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17027233"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18187431-the-use-of-konjac-glucomannan-to-lower-serum-thyroid-hormones-in-hyperthyroidism/?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Other</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to preliminary research, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may also combat autoimmunity via PTPN22-related mechanisms. It can boost Tregs, fix the Th1/Th2 imbalance, and reduce inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24158722"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30203577"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">LLLT reduced anti-TPO antibodies in two trials with 58 patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662037"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22718472"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In another trial of 43 patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism, LLLT didn&rsquo;t impact thyroid antibodies. Still, the treated patients showed fewer symptoms and required much lower doses of thyroid medications [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6247385/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that both LLLT and nutritional supplements are still in the investigational phase when it comes to autoimmunity; they're not approved for prevention or treatment of medical conditions.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">*2569241667980761*</span></p>
28 | content_snp_table_8500361011384261_key == 8500361011384261
28 | content_snp_table_8500361011384261_blur == True
28 | content_snp_table_8500361011384261_hidden == False
28 | content_learn_more_3854592810956592_key == 3854592810956592
28 | content_learn_more_3854592810956592_blur == True
28 | content_learn_more_3854592810956592_hidden == False
28 | content_learn_more_3854592810956592_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your PTPN22 variants slightly correlate with autoimmune thyroid disorders. You may want to consider natural strategies to re-balance your immune system and support your thyroid—keep reading for more details.
28 | content_recommendation_2569241667980761_key == 2569241667980761
28 | content_recommendation_2569241667980761_blur == True
28 | content_recommendation_2569241667980761_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs2476601,rs6679677
rsStatus = rs2476601,PTPN22,chr1,113834946,A,G,T,,5,38,HET
rsStatus = rs6679677,PHTF1,chr1,113761186,C,A,T,,25,0,Normal
