30 | id == 30
30 | category_id == 4
30 | category_order == 1
30 | category_name == Brain
30 | category_color == #C47AC0
30 | slug == Fight-Brain-Inflammation-With-TNFSF9
30 | title == Is This Inflammation Gene Reducing Your Intelligence? (TNFSF9)
30 | meta_description == The TNFSF9 gene can cause brain inflammation, which takes a major toll on your cognitive ability! Learn how to optimize it here.
30 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>Inflammation can affect many important aspects of your health &mdash; but your brain is especially sensitive to the negative effects of inflammation, which can have significant consequences for your overall cognitive ability. In this post we&rsquo;ll be looking at the <em>TNFSF9</em> gene, a key player in stimulating your body&rsquo;s immune system and inflammatory response. Read on to learn what your genotype for this important gene says about your intelligence!</strong></p>
30 | overall_score_text == Your cognitive function score (based on TNFSF9 gene)
30 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/Is-This-Inflammation-Gene-Reducing-Your-Intelligence-TNFSF9-Gene_JPG.jpg
30 | author_id == 4
30 | author_name == Matt Carland
30 | author_title == PhD
30 | author_order == 10
30 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Matt.jpg
30 | author_intro == <p><strong>Matt received his PhD at the Universit&eacute; de Montr&eacute;al in Neuroscience.</strong></p>    <p>Matt holds multiple degrees in psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. He has over a decade of experience in academic research and has published a number of articles in scholarly journals. He currently works as a neuropsychologist in Montreal, where he performs research on the links between personality traits and the development of clinical disorders such as addiction, compulsive gambling, and disordered eating.</p>
30 | reviewer_id == 2
30 | reviewer_name == Joe Cohen
30 | reviewer_title == BS
30 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
30 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
30 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
30 | publish_date == 2019
30 | publish_date == 8
30 | publish_date == 30
30 | avg_rating == 5.0
30 | tags_id == 13
30 | tags_name == Cognition
30 | tags_id == 96
30 | tags_name == Cytokines
30 | tags_id == 94
30 | tags_name == Fluid Intelligence
30 | tags_id == 95
30 | tags_name == Immune System
30 | tags_id == 24
30 | tags_name == Inflammation
30 | tags_id == 28
30 | tags_name == Intelligence
30 | tags_id == 93
30 | tags_name == TNFSF9 Gene
30 | permissions_favorite == False
30 | permissions_rate == False
30 | content_article == <table style="width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%; text-align: justify;"><strong>Note:</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene is one of the 45 unique intelligence-related genes that we analyze in our comprehensive </span><a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/mind-protocol-nm/"><strong><em>Cognitive Function DNA Wellness Report</em></strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. If you&rsquo;re interested in learning more about the genes that affect your cognitive ability, and the actionable steps that you can take to boost your cognition even further, check it out!</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>What Does The </strong><strong><em>TNFSF9</em></strong><strong> Gene Do?</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/TNFSF9/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) codes for a receptor protein called TNFSF9 &mdash; also known as &ldquo;</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD137</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rdquo; or &ldquo;</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">4-1BB</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rdquo; &mdash; which is expressed by various types of cells that make up your immune system [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21520164"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16041031"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12496166"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In general, TNFSF9 receptors put your immune system on alert whenever your body detects a problem, such as a bacterial or viral infection [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12460192"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12496166"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371976"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">], DNA damage [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12460192"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">], or the presence of tumor cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336294"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21482773"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This, in turn, causes a variety of immune system cells (including </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">monocytes</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">lymphocytes</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">macrophages</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">dendritic cells</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) to flood into the infected or damaged area, resulting in inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22593548"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17167064"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336294"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, TNFSF9 receptors activate a number of other inflammation-related mechanisms, such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/nuclear-factor-kappa-b/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NF-kB</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9464265"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9826581"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10604232"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">] and the JNK and MAPK signaling pathways [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10901161"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15181282"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. It also stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory compounds called </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">cytokines</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-6/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">interleukin 6</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (IL-6) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20833247"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176988"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Therefore, this gene plays a very extensive role in triggering inflammation throughout your entire body &mdash; but how is this related to brain function, exactly?</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Well, although TNFSF9 receptors are present in many different parts of the body, they are particularly highly expressed by brain cells such as neurons and astrocytes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17167064"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22593548"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336294"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13130507"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. This suggests that </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is especially relevant when it comes to regulating immune system activity in the brain, specifically.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This gene therefore plays a key role in determining how vulnerable your brain is to chronic inflammation, which can have a significant impact on your overall cognitive ability [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106583"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27910896"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28747667"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]!</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene codes for receptors that activate the immune response, which in turn triggers inflammation. These receptors are especially common in the brain, meaning that this gene can affect your cognitive ability by determining how vulnerable your brain is to inflammation.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>TNFSF9</em></strong><strong> Genotype</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> SNP </span><a href="../../snp/rs348373/"><strong>rs348373</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is highly involved in inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21520164"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17496895"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. You can see your genotype for this SNP in the table below:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">*7293570506207474*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">*5903207537392847*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><br />The two possible alleles for this SNP are &lsquo;C&rsquo; (major) and &lsquo;T&rsquo; (minor). </span><strong>When it comes to cognitive function, it&rsquo;s best to have the more common &lsquo;CC&rsquo; genotype</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which about 78% of the population carries.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, this SNP has been associated with people&rsquo;s levels of &ldquo;</span><strong><em>fluid intelligence</em></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rdquo; &mdash; one of the two main factors that determine your overall IQ (the other being &ldquo;</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">crystallized intelligence</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rdquo;) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28506124"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30828294"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24975275"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. Tests of fluid intelligence usually measure a variety of cognitive functions such as logical reasoning, problem-solving, processing speed, and working memory (in contrast, tests of crystallized intelligence usually focus more on acquired knowledge and skills, such as vocabulary tests) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24975275"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a large-scale (GWAS) study with over 4,100 participants, participants who carried the more common &lsquo;CC&rsquo; genotype for this SNP showed significantly better performance on tests of fluid intelligence compared to people with one or more copies of the minor &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele, who tended to score significantly lower [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24975275"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with the more common &lsquo;CC&rsquo; genotype for </span><strong>rs348373</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> show enhanced performance on tests of fluid intelligence. In contrast, carriers of the minor &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele show relatively poorer performance.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>How Does The <em>TNFSF9</em> Gene Affect Cognitive Function?</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although the specific mechanisms by which the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene affects cognitive ability have not yet directly tested, given what we know about this gene&rsquo;s general role, it&rsquo;s quite likely that differences in brain inflammation are the culprit.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, reducing or deleting the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene blocks immune [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12023342"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12496166"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15181282"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16041031"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371976"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">] and inflammatory responses [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24023849"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336294"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">] in mice.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Conversely, mice with elevated levels of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene activity often develop cardiovascular diseases associated with chronic inflammation, such as </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">atherosclerosis</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (hardening of the arteries). Interestingly, treating these mice with compounds that suppress </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> activity reduces their inflammation-related symptoms, and leads to a decrease in their overall levels of pro-inflammatory </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">cytokines</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (such as </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176988"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In fact, the key role that </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> plays in inflammation has led some to suggest that this gene could be a promising target for treating autoimmune disorders, which often involve chronic and excessive inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16212918"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17371976"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15181282"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">All in all, because this gene clearly plays a major role in stimulating the inflammatory response, it is likely that risk-associated alleles for this SNP cause increased activity of the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene, thereby contributing to brain inflammation that interferes with optimal cognitive functioning.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Considering all the evidence linking levels of this gene with overall levels of inflammation, the &ldquo;bad&rdquo; genotypes for this SNP most likely affect cognitive function by causing increased levels of inflammation in the brain.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>What Can You Do To Improve Your </strong><strong><em>TNFSF9</em></strong><strong> Genotype?</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Don&rsquo;t get too worried if you happen to carry the bad &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele for this SNP, because you&rsquo;re in luck! There are actually several effective ways to counteract the potential negative effects of your </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> genotype.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">*5740238106480702*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Firstly, the most direct way to counteract your genotype is to decrease the activity of the </strong><strong><em>TNFSF9</em></strong><strong> gene.</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">One way to reduce this gene&rsquo;s activity is to supplement with </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">histone deacetylase</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (HDAC) inhibitors, which reduce (&ldquo;</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">down-regulate</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rdquo;) the activity of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and other major inflammation-related genes in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> family [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15738394"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14695887"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Histone deacetylase inhibitors have also been found to improve cognitive function (such as long-term memory) by increasing key neural growth factors, such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-natural-ways-to-increase-bdnf/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BDNF</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/all-about-nerve-growth-factor-and-50-ways-to-increase-it/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NGF</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273246"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25233278"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22669172"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Therefore, it may be a good idea for you to supplement with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/butyrate-health-benefits-butyrate-derivatives-sodium-butyrate-phenylbutyrate-trybutyrine-butyric-acid-butyrate-prodrugs-butyrate-producing-bacteria/"><strong><em>sodium butyrate</em></strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a potent HDAC inhibitor that also has strong general anti-inflammatory effects [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12840228"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27722928"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22517765"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17345958"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20138982"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition to supplementing directly, you can also boost your butyrate levels by eating foods that are high in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/reistant1-what-is-resistant-starch-sources-how-to-increase-diet/"><strong>resistant starch</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, one of the main nutrients your gut bacteria use to produce butyrate [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21831780"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28166818"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27357127"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Foods that are rich in resistant starch include corn, rice, green bananas, and potatoes [</span><a href="http://r"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. We especially recommend </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/reistant1-what-is-resistant-starch-sources-how-to-increase-diet/#2_Hi-Maize"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hi-maize</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a particularly effective type of starch that is less likely to cause negative reactions in people with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/elimination-diet-safest-foods-people-sensitive-everything/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">food sensitivities</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9110587"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Secondly, you can also counteract your genotype by reducing inflammation in general.</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">When it comes to alleviating inflammation, one of the best supplement options out there is </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><strong>bioavailable curcumin</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &mdash; the active component the household spice </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">turmeric</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &mdash; which fights inflammation by inhibiting various pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569207"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20388102"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. It is active throughout the body, but it is especially effective at counteracting inflammation in the brain (</span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">neuroinflammation</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">), making it an especially good choice for people with </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">-related risk factors [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417733"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin also stimulates the production of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glutathione-30-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-glutathione/"><strong><em>glutathione</em></strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which reduces </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/oxidative-stress-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">oxidative stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (a major factor that can further contribute to systemic inflammation) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15650394"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20229497"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19159825"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587949"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. (You can learn more about </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">glutathione</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> &mdash; and one of the key genes involved in producing it &mdash; by reading our SelfDecode Blog post on </span><a href="../article/Fight-Oxidative-Stress-With-UGT2A1-27"><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">UGT2A1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.)</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Finally, curcumin can also counteract inflammation caused by environmental factors, such as exposure to air pollution [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090021"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition to fighting inflammation in several key ways, supplementing with curcumin has also been linked to increased cognitive function in both human and animal studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659685"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277322"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364299"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29454881"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. For example, curcumin supplements enhanced attention and working memory in a group of healthy older adults [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25277322"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition to alleviating brain inflammation, curcumin also boosts levels of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-natural-ways-to-increase-bdnf/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">BDNF</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and CREB &mdash; two key compounds your brain produces to promote </span><strong><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ways-increase-neurogenesis/">neurogenesis</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><strong><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/synaptic-plasticity/">synaptic plasticity</a></strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364299"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17617388"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]. This, in turn, translates to further enhancements of a variety of important cognitive functions, such as learning and memory [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417733"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364299"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20026275"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20229497"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656326"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The two best ways to counteract problematic </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF9</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> genotypes are to reduce the expression of this gene with HDAC inhibitors, and to use supplements that fight against systemic inflammation.</span></span></p>
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30 | content_learn_more_5903207537392847_text == Your genotype for this SNP is associated with relatively reduced fluid intelligence, likely due to elevated levels of inflammation in your brain. To find out what you can do to counteract this, see your personalized recommendations below.
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rsIDs = rs348373
rsStatus = rs348373,,chr19,6543331,T,A,C,,25,0,Normal
