305 | id == 305
305 | category_id == 19
305 | category_order == 16
305 | category_name == Pain
305 | category_color == #C47AC0
305 | slug == DRD2-pain
305 | title == The Role of a Dopamine Receptor in Chronic Pain (DRD2)
305 | meta_description == The DRD2 gene encodes a dopamine receptor that affects how we feel pain. What is its role in chronic pain disorders?
305 | summary == <p><strong>The <em>DRD2 </em>gene encodes a dopamine receptor that affects how and whether we feel pain. What is its role in chronic pain disorders? Read on to find out.</strong></p>
305 | overall_score_text == Chronic Pain Score (Based on DRD2)
305 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/DRD2-ANKK1-Chronic-Pain.jpg
305 | author_id == 1
305 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
305 | author_title == BSc, BEd
305 | author_order == 36
305 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
305 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
305 | reviewer == None
305 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
305 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
305 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
305 | publish_date == 2020
305 | publish_date == 9
305 | publish_date == 2
305 | avg_rating == 5.0
305 | tags_id == 677
305 | tags_name == ANKK1 Gene
305 | tags_id == 510
305 | tags_name == Caffeine
305 | tags_id == 596
305 | tags_name == Chronic Pain
305 | tags_id == 51
305 | tags_name == Dopamine
305 | tags_id == 156
305 | tags_name == DRD2 Gene
305 | tags_id == 92
305 | tags_name == Magnesium
305 | tags_id == 71
305 | tags_name == Pain
305 | permissions_favorite == False
305 | permissions_rate == False
305 | content_article == <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Summary</span></h2> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DRD2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene encodes dopamine receptor 2, which promotes feelings of pleasure and reward and blunts feelings of pain.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Certain </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DRD2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants have been associated with chronic pain.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lifestyle, diet, and supplement choices that increase dopamine signalling may help reduce pain.</span></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DRD2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gene in Chronic Pain</span></h2> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DRD2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes dopamine receptor 2 [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/DRD2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dopamine, which is important for signalling pleasure and reward, can also reduce the sensation of pain [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18457535/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866581/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Low DRD2 sensitivity may be common in patients with chronic pain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866581/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants that reduce DRD2 activity or function may fail to blunt unpleasant sensations, leading to increased pain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866581/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The relationship between dopamine receptors and pain is highly complex, and simply increasing or decreasing DRD2 may or may not reduce pain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866581/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.nealelab.is/uk-biobank/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DRD2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ANKK1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> genes are very close together and often studied together; the variants discussed below may technically belong to one gene or the other but typically affect both.</span></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dopamine in Many Forms of Pain</span></h3> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DRD2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants have been linked to many different types of pain disorders, including [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866581/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></li> </ul> <ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Back, neck, shoulder, and chest pain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pain from trapped or pinched nerves</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pain from nerve inflammation (neuralgia)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fibromyalgia</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Increased use of opioid painkillers &amp; risk of opioid addiction [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19373123/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants that decrease the function or activity of DRD2 may also be linked to a poorer response to triptan medications for </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatment-migraines/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">migraines</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21822697/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DRD2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Results for Chronic Pain</span></h2> <p>*7690462969114021*</p> <p><strong>DRD2 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs1800497/"><strong>rs1800497</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with chronic pain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with chronic pain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may decrease the activity of some DRD2 receptors</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>DRD2 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs1076560/"><strong>rs1076560</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with chronic pain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with chronic pain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may result in different versions of DRD2 being produced</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>DRD2 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs6275/"><strong>rs6275</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with chronic pain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Possibly protective against chronic pain</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>DRD2 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs1801028/"><strong>rs1801028</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with chronic pain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with chronic pain</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele changes the structure of the DRD2 receptor</span></li> </ul> <p>*6605652968093316*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations for Reducing Pain</span></h2> <p>*7274545189339923*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lifestyle</span></h3> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Massage Therapy</span></h4> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Patients undergoing massage therapy have significantly higher dopamine signalling after the treatment than before it [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16162447/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis showed that 5 weeks of massage therapy improved pain, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-anxiety/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">anxiety</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-depression/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">depression</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in patients with a chronic pain disorder [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930706/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet</span></h3> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Magnesium</span></h4> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/21-proven-science-based-reasons-magnesium-amazing-including-drawbacks/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Magnesium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> appears to increase dopamine activity in the brain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059299"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Magnesium stores may be unusually low in patients with pain disorders. Correcting this deficiency may reduce pain [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22271372/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22426836/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Magnesium is abundant in spinach, nuts, and legumes and can also be taken as a supplement [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplements</span></h3> <h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine</span></h4> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/caffeine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> increases dopamine release in some parts of the brain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27823571"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27631327"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to multiple studies, the addition of caffeine to painkillers (most often ibuprofen and Tylenol) slightly but significantly improves their effectiveness for acute pain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485506/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20624245/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485702/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11999141/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">For pain, caffeine works much better in combination with other painkillers than it does by itself [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485506/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20624245/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485702/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11999141/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Massage, magnesium-rich foods, and caffeine may each increase dopamine signalling and reduce pain through other mechanisms.</span></p>
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305 | content_learn_more_6605652968093316_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your DRD2 gene is somewhat associated with abnormal dopamine signalling and pain perception. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of chronic pain, just one gene related to it. Massage, magnesium, and caffeine may help. Keep reading to learn more.
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rsIDs = rs6275,rs1076560,rs1800497,rs1801028
rsStatus = rs6275,DRD2,chr11,113412755,A,G,,,18,15,HET
rsStatus = rs1076560,DRD2,chr11,113412966,C,A,G,,29,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1800497,ANKK1,chr11,113400106,G,A,,,19,16,HET
rsStatus = rs1801028,DRD2,chr11,113412762,G,C,,,32,1,HET
