320 | id == 320
320 | category_id == 20
320 | category_order == 17
320 | category_name == Attention
320 | category_color == #C47AC0
320 | slug == SNAP25-ADHD
320 | title == How Does Memory Relate to ADHD? (SNAP25)
320 | meta_description == SNAP25 is essential to learning and memory. Variants of SNAP25 have been associated with ADHD. Read on to learn more.
320 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>SNAP25 is a protein essential to learning and memory. Variants of <em>SNAP25 </em>have been associated with ADHD and its cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Read on to learn more.</strong><br />  &nbsp;</p>
320 | overall_score_text == Your ADHD Score (based on SNAP25 gene)
320 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/SNAP25-ADHD.jpg
320 | author_id == 14
320 | author_name == Shany Lahan
320 | author_title == MS (Neuroscience)
320 | author_order == 5
320 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Shany.webp
320 | author_intro == <p>Shany received her MSc in Neuroscience from Western University.</p>    <p>Prior to joining SelfDecode, Shany conducted research related to Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, and taught science to undergraduate students. She believes that research should be accessible to everyone, regardless of scientific background. Shany joined SelfDecode&nbsp;with a mission to help others optimize their health and wellbeing &ndash; as well as help them understand the science behind it all.</p>
320 | reviewer == None
320 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
320 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
320 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
320 | publish_date == 2020
320 | publish_date == 9
320 | publish_date == 10
320 | avg_rating == 5.0
320 | tags_id == 30
320 | tags_name == ADHD
320 | tags_id == 696
320 | tags_name == Hyperactivity
320 | tags_id == 697
320 | tags_name == Impulsivity
320 | tags_id == 695
320 | tags_name == SNAP25 Gene
320 | tags_id == 109
320 | tags_name == Working Memory
320 | permissions_favorite == False
320 | permissions_rate == False
320 | content_article == <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><strong><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">SNAP25 is a protein that enables substances to be released from brain cells. The release of these substances is essential to learning and memory processes.<br /><br />Variants of the <em>SNAP25 </em>gene have been associated with increased risk of ADHD, working memory deficits, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These variants may decrease the production of SNAP25.<br /><br />Lifestyle and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of <em>SNAP25 </em>risk variants by increasing the amount of SNAP25 in the brain.&nbsp;</span></strong></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>SNAP25 </em>and ADHD</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The SNAP25 protein is involved in the stepwise release of substances from brain cells (neurons). These substances are known as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitter release is essential to learning and memory processes [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12127744/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25445064/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants of the </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/snap25/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNAP25 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> have been implicated in developmental disorders such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/adhd-brain-fog/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADHD</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17455213/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26941099/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16088329/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25445064/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20950795/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In ADHD, activity in brain regions implicated in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/different-types-memory/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">working memory</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may be reduced [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25445064/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20950795/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Working memory can prevent individuals from reacting on impulse to everyday scenarios, by allowing them to process information related to these scenarios in accordance with principles that govern their conduct. This processing then guides decision-making [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20950795/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Working memory deficits are linked to the hyperactive and impulsive behaviors that are often observed in ADHD. For example, any rule imposed upon a minor should govern their conduct. However, a minor with ADHD may not be able to make decisions in accordance with these rules, and may instead engage in activities such as reckless driving [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20950795/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25576877/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The amount of SNAP25 protein found in certain brain regions may be reduced in ADHD. This could influence learning and memory processes, giving rise to ADHD and its associated cognitive and behavioral symptoms [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1613559/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30092259/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Your <em>SNAP25</em> Results for ADHD</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*4960413777089663*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Primary SNP</strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>SNAP25 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs3746544/"><strong>rs3746544</strong></a></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Increased risk of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with ADHD.</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Other Important SNPs</strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>SNAP25</em></strong> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs362987/"><strong>rs362987</strong></a></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Increased risk of ADHD.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with ADHD.</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>SNAP25</em></strong> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs363039/"><strong>rs363039</strong></a></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Decreased risk of working memory deficits in ADHD.</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with ADHD.</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;">*4505638309134323*</p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Recommendations for Improving ADHD Symptoms</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*3393695855951408*</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Exercise&nbsp;</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A number of studies have demonstrated that physical exercise may have significant benefits on cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917364/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In rats, physical exercise was found to increase the amount of SNAP25 in brain regions associated with memory [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19014914/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNAP25 protein levels were similarly increased in rats subjected to a combination of physical exercise and caffeine. Memory significantly improved in these rats [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32621279/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A randomized controlled trial found that long-term physical exercise can specifically improve working memory in individuals with ADHD [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561359/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aerobic exercise, ranging from moderate to intense, may be the most beneficial type of physical exercise in terms of alleviating ADHD-related symptoms [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28917364/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Long-term moderate-to-intense aerobic exercise may alleviate ADHD-related cognitive and behavioral symptoms by increasing the amount of SNAP25 found in certain brain regions.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol)</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/pycnogenol-pine-bark-extract-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pycnogenol</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a patented extract of pine bark.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pycnogenol contains multiple antioxidants, such as catechin. A form of catechin was found to increase production of SNAP25 and improve memory in mice. Memory improvement in these mice was even more pronounced when combining catechin consumption with exercise [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17537957/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a randomized controlled trial, Pycnogenol significantly reduced hyperactivity and other ADHD-related symptoms [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16699814/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) may reduce cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD by increasing the production of SNAP25.</span></p>
320 | content_snp_table_4960413777089663_key == 4960413777089663
320 | content_snp_table_4960413777089663_blur == True
320 | content_snp_table_4960413777089663_hidden == False
320 | content_learn_more_4505638309134323_key == 4505638309134323
320 | content_learn_more_4505638309134323_blur == True
320 | content_learn_more_4505638309134323_hidden == False
320 | content_learn_more_4505638309134323_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your SNAP25 gene somewhat increases your risk of ADHD and its associated cognitive and behavioral symptoms. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of ADHD; it’s just one gene related to it. Exercise and pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) supplements may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
320 | content_recommendation_3393695855951408_key == 3393695855951408
320 | content_recommendation_3393695855951408_blur == True
320 | content_recommendation_3393695855951408_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs3746544,rs363039,rs362987
rsStatus = rs3746544,SNAP25,chr20,10306436,G,A,C,T,22,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs363039,SNAP25,chr20,10239848,G,A,C,T,35,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs362987,SNAP25,chr20,10296804,A,C,,,18,16,HET
