363 | id == 363
363 | category_id == 22
363 | category_order == 19
363 | category_name == Trauma
363 | category_color == #C47AC0
363 | slug == ADRB2-PTSD
363 | title == The Fear-Based Learning Gene & PTSD (ADRB2)
363 | meta_description == The epinephrine receptor ADRB2 plays an important role in the fight or flight response. Can it protect you from PTSD?
363 | summary == <p><strong>The epinephrine receptor <em>ADRB2 </em>plays an important role in the fight or flight response. Can it protect you from PTSD? Read on to learn more.</strong></p>
363 | overall_score_text == Your PTSD Score (based on ADRB2)
363 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/ADRB2-PTSD.jpg
363 | author_id == 1
363 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
363 | author_title == BSc, BEd
363 | author_order == 36
363 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
363 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
363 | reviewer == None
363 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
363 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
363 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
363 | publish_date == 2020
363 | publish_date == 9
363 | publish_date == 29
363 | avg_rating == 5.0
363 | tags_id == 504
363 | tags_name == ADRB2 gene
363 | tags_id == 112
363 | tags_name == Anxiety
363 | tags_id == 207
363 | tags_name == Exercise
363 | tags_id == 741
363 | tags_name == Fear
363 | tags_id == 6
363 | tags_name == PTSD
363 | tags_id == 752
363 | tags_name == Resilience
363 | tags_id == 50
363 | tags_name == Stress
363 | permissions_favorite == False
363 | permissions_rate == False
363 | content_article == <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Summary</span></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes the &beta;2-adrenergic receptor, which is bound and activated by epinephrine. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in PTSD by changing the way the brain encodes fear-based memories. Lifestyle modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by activating ADRB2 and reducing the feeling of fear associated with psychological triggers.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2 and PTSD</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The ADRB2 gene encodes the &beta;2-adrenergic receptor, likewise abbreviated ADRB2. It has a very wide range of functions, sending signals in many different tissues [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390066/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ADRB2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2 has been implicated in many psychological disorders; variants that reduce the expression of the ADRB2 gene or the activity of the receptor are more common in people with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-depression/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">depression</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, panic disorders, agoraphobia, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-anxiety/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">anxiety</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Low ADRB2 sensitivity has also been linked to pacing, twitching, and tics in people with depression [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570772/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">encodes an adrenergic receptor. It becomes activated when epinephrine, the primary &ldquo;fight or flight&rdquo; signal, binds to it. Thus, it&rsquo;s not surprising that variants in </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are associated with anxiety, fear, and mental conditions related to them [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2713866/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More precisely, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> appears to affect the way that we encode memories to do with fear. One variant in this gene may change the way we learn from fear; people with this variant hold onto a fear response less than the average population, potentially protecting them from panic disorders like </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ptsd-causes-treatments/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTSD</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4597911/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27701011/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423370/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes a receptor for epinephrine which changes the way we learn from fear-based memories.</span></span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your ADRB2 Results for PTSD</span></h2> <p>*4389640334692954*</p> <p><strong>ADRB2 </strong><a href="../../../snp/rs2400707/"><strong>rs2400707</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with PTSD</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with resilience to stress, possibly protected from PTSD</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with the &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele may form fear-based memories differently, preventing them from experiencing a dramatic fear response [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423370/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">This association has only been demonstrated in African American women [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423370/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*6125066085365782*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations for Reducing the Fear Response</span></h2> <p>*1348553925934301*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise triggers the release of epinephrine, which binds to and activates ADRB2 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2713866/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People who </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> regularly experience lower levels of neuroticism, anxiety, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-depression/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">depression</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, while lack of regular physical activity has been associated with an increased risk of anxiety [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439008"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-1843-x"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Physical exercise interventions based on aerobic exercise, resistance training, or both improved PTSD in multiple trials. While aerobic exercise was more effective at improving anxiety and overall psychological distress, resistance training also helped with specific PTSD symptoms, distress tolerance, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-sleep/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sleep</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> quality [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29049901/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29076530/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29145076/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15869081/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24911173/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25443996/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31743507/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Strenuous exercise increases the blood levels of neuropeptide Y (</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/npy/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NPY</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">), a messenger molecule that helps prevent PTSD caused by rises in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/63-factors-raising-stress-cortisol-level-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> hormones [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807963"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10818263"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Exercise activates ADRB2 by releasing epinephrine and has been found to reduce anxiety and PTSD symptoms.</span></p>
363 | content_snp_table_4389640334692954_key == 4389640334692954
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363 | content_snp_table_4389640334692954_hidden == False
363 | content_learn_more_6125066085365782_key == 6125066085365782
363 | content_learn_more_6125066085365782_blur == True
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363 | content_learn_more_6125066085365782_text == SHOULD NOT APPEAR
363 | content_recommendation_1348553925934301_key == 1348553925934301
363 | content_recommendation_1348553925934301_blur == True
363 | content_recommendation_1348553925934301_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs2400707
rsStatus = rs2400707,ADRB2,chr5,148825489,A,G,T,,26,0,Normal
