387 | id == 387
387 | category_id == 24
387 | category_order == 21
387 | category_name == Acne
387 | category_color == #C47AC0
387 | slug == DDB2-acne
387 | title == The Link Between DNA Repair, Oily Skin & Acne (DDB2)
387 | meta_description == DDB2 regulates cell repair & death and promotes the antimicrobial activity of sebocytes. How does it affect acne?
387 | summary == <p><strong><em>DDB2 </em>regulates cell repair &amp; death and promotes the antimicrobial activity of sebocytes. How does it affect acne? Read on to learn more.</strong></p>
387 | overall_score_text == Your Acne Score (based on DDB2)
387 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/DDB2-Acne.jpg
387 | author_id == 1
387 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
387 | author_title == BSc, BEd
387 | author_order == 36
387 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
387 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
387 | reviewer == None
387 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
387 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
387 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
387 | publish_date == 2020
387 | publish_date == 10
387 | publish_date == 7
387 | avg_rating == 5.0
387 | tags_id == 774
387 | tags_name == Acne
387 | tags_id == 789
387 | tags_name == Antimicrobial Activity
387 | tags_id == 784
387 | tags_name == Cutibacterium acnes
387 | tags_id == 788
387 | tags_name == DDB2 Gene
387 | tags_id == 791
387 | tags_name == Sebaceous Glands
387 | tags_id == 790
387 | tags_name == Sebocytes
387 | permissions_favorite == False
387 | permissions_rate == False
387 | content_article == <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Summary</span></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes damage-specific DNA binding protein 2. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in acne by improving the antimicrobial effects of sebocytes. Lifestyle and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by supporting DDB2 activity.</span></p> <h2><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and Acne</span></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes damage-specific DNA binding protein 2. When the DNA inside of a cell becomes damaged, DDB2 helps decide whether the cell is marked for repair or programmed for death [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24399259/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This gene also plays a role in the antimicrobial activity of a type of cell called a sebocyte. Sebocytes are skin cells that make up the sebaceous glands and produce sebum, a fatty substance that protects the skin from water, damage, and infection. In other words, sebum is that oily stuff on your nose [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24399259/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863661/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3051853/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632971/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sebocytes are a double-edged sword in acne. Depending on its composition, or if too much is produced, sebum can end up clogging pores and promoting the growth of bacteria. On the other hand, healthy sebocytes can kill </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cutibacterium acnes</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3051853/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632971/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">sends signals by altering structures called histones H3 and H4. Of these, H4 has direct antibacterial activity; researchers believe that </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rsquo;s connection to acne goes through H4 [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24399259/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15340938"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene on its own is associated with relative incidence of severe acne. However, its effect becomes even stronger in combination with variants in other genes, including </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TP63</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CACNA1H</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24399259/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25573302/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> mainly regulates cell repair and death. However, it also interacts with H4, a histone that can kill acne bacteria.</span></span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Results for Acne</span></h2> <p>*5895057539871318*</p> <p><strong>DDB2 </strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs747650/"><strong>rs747650</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = More common in people with severe acne</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Possibly protective against severe acne</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele may increase the activation of antimicrobial histone H4 [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24399259/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15340938"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*5869216955149858*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations for Improving Acne</span></h2> <p>*1430111362003827*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Light Therapy</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Light therapy applies light of specific wavelengths through human skin to elicit certain effects in the underlying tissue.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ultraviolet light is a major trigger of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> activity; in most people, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">UV</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> light exposure will increase </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/DDB2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with certain serious mutations that make DDB2 ineffective should avoid UV light altogether. If you have xeroderma pigmentosum, for example, then you already know to avoid UV light. However, mutations in </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> alone do not usually cause this disease. To be sure about your risk level from UV exposure, talk to your doctor [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/DDB2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC357050/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/xeroderma-pigmentosum/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/red-light-therapy-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Red light</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/blue-light-therapy-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">blue light</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and their combination have all been shown to improve acne. In one study, the combination was more effective than not only either wavelength alone, but also the FDA-approved medication benzoyl peroxide [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28338214/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19239470/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6846280/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10809858/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Most of red light&rsquo;s effects are through the cells&rsquo; </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/mitochondria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">mitochondria</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> absorbing light. In cell studies, the cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria absorbs red light, which causes it to release nitric oxide, increase ATP, and decrease </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/oxidative-stress-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">oxidative stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24656472/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Blue light activates proteins that contain light-sensitive molecules (porphyrins and flavones) and increase mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress. Skin cells respond by releasing molecules that promote inflammation and control skin growth. Additionally, blue light killed the acne-causing bacteria Cutibacterium acnes in test tubes [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22318388/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19675580/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3438385/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Various wavelengths of light may increase DDB2 activity and have been shown to improve acne.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Milk Thistle</span></h3> <p><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/milk-thistle/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Silymarin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, an active compound of milk thistle, increased </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">DDB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> expression in cells exposed to ultraviolet light [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3120878/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a clinical trial, silymarin reduced acne severity when taken by mouth daily for 2 months. However, it was less effective than the antibiotic doxycycline [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31579978/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In another trial, a combination of silymarin, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/nac-top-43-science-based-health-benefits-n-acetyl-cysteine-nac/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">N-acetylcysteine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-selenium/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">selenium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reduced acne after 8 weeks by 53% [</span><a href="https://www.longdom.org/open-access/effects-of-oral-antioxidants-on-lesion-counts-associated-with-oxidative-stress-and-inflammation-in-patients-with-papulopustular-acne-2155-9554.1000163.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Silymarin from milk thistle increased DDB2 in cells and may improve acne when taken as a supplement.</span></p>
387 | content_snp_table_5895057539871318_key == 5895057539871318
387 | content_snp_table_5895057539871318_blur == True
387 | content_snp_table_5895057539871318_hidden == False
387 | content_learn_more_5869216955149858_key == 5869216955149858
387 | content_learn_more_5869216955149858_blur == True
387 | content_learn_more_5869216955149858_hidden == False
387 | content_learn_more_5869216955149858_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your DDB2 gene is somewhat associated with acne. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of acne; it’s just one gene related to it. Light therapy and milk thistle may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
387 | content_recommendation_1430111362003827_key == 1430111362003827
387 | content_recommendation_1430111362003827_blur == True
387 | content_recommendation_1430111362003827_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs747650
rsStatus = rs747650,C11orf49,chr11,47154454,C,G,T,,49,0,Normal
