407 | id == 407
407 | category_id == 25
407 | category_order == 22
407 | category_name == Blood Sugar
407 | category_color == #C47AC0
407 | slug == LEP-blood-sugar
407 | title == The Satiety Hormone in Blood Sugar Control (LEP)
407 | meta_description == Leptin, the satiety hormone, helps control blood sugar through both insulin and glucagon. Are your variants linked to diabetes?
407 | summary == <p><strong>Leptin, the satiety hormone, helps control blood sugar through both insulin and glucagon. Are your <em>LEP </em>variants linked to diabetes? Find out here.</strong></p>
407 | overall_score_text == Your Blood Sugar Score (based on LEP)
407 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/LEP_Blood_Sugar__Diabetes.jpg
407 | author_id == 1
407 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
407 | author_title == BSc, BEd
407 | author_order == 36
407 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
407 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
407 | reviewer == None
407 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
407 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
407 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
407 | publish_date == 2020
407 | publish_date == 10
407 | publish_date == 13
407 | avg_rating == 5.0
407 | tags_id == 200
407 | tags_name == Appetite
407 | tags_id == 801
407 | tags_name == Blood Sugar
407 | tags_id == 820
407 | tags_name == Glucagon
407 | tags_id == 139
407 | tags_name == Insulin
407 | tags_id == 116
407 | tags_name == Insulin Resistance
407 | tags_id == 540
407 | tags_name == LEP Gene
407 | tags_id == 456
407 | tags_name == Leptin
407 | tags_id == 473
407 | tags_name == Leptin Resistance
407 | tags_id == 470
407 | tags_name == Satiety
407 | permissions_favorite == False
407 | permissions_rate == False
407 | content_article == <h2><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">LEP</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes leptin, an appetite-suppressing hormone. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">LEP</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in blood sugar regulation by modifying </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/glucagon-levels/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glucagon</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels and sensitivity to </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/insulin-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by increasing the body&rsquo;s sensitivity to leptin.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>LEP</em></strong><strong> and Blood Sugar</strong></h2> <p><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/all-about-leptin-its-role-in-chronic-inflammation-cfs-and-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Leptin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is one of the two major hormones that control appetite and food intake, along with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/ghrelin-role-cognitive-gut-function-weight-inflammation-autoimmunity/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ghrelin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Where ghrelin triggers feelings of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-10-ways-to-curb-your-hunger-and-approaches-that-didnt-work/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">hunger</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, however, leptin increases feelings of fullness and typically encourages us to stop eating [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6354688/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As we might expect, given its central role in appetite control, leptin (and its gene, </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/lep/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">LEP</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) has been implicated in weight gain and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21460597/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fat tissue produces leptin. In a healthy body, that means that as a person gains fat, they produce more leptin, which suppresses appetite and prevents additional weight gain [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21460597/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Most healthy people have a baseline equilibrium point of both weight and leptin production. With all else remaining equal, leptin increase from that point will lead to weight loss, while leptin decrease from that point will lead to weight gain [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4496968/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Leptin and Insulin</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Insulin and glucagon are the primary hormones that regulate blood sugar, ensuring that the right amount of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucose/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glucose</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is present in the blood to provide energy at any time. Researchers believe that leptin interacts with both insulin and glucagon, giving it an important role in regulating blood sugar [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605734/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Leptin appears to directly decrease glucagon levels, but it has no obvious effect on insulin levels in animals. Instead, it seems to influence the body&rsquo;s sensitivity to the effects of insulin. Since glucagon increases blood sugar and insulin decreases it, leptin&rsquo;s total effect is to decrease blood sugar levels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605734/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279127/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605734/#bib20"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605734/#bib65"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">LEP</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene may therefore lead to increased blood sugar if they decrease total leptin production or decrease the body&rsquo;s sensitivity to leptin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605734/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">LEP </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes leptin, a hormone that suppresses appetite and decreases blood sugar through its action on insulin and glucagon. Variants in </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">LEP</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may disrupt insulin and glucagon signalling.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>LEP</em></strong><strong> Results for Blood Sugar</strong></h2> <p>*8884610728264164*</p> <p><strong>LEP </strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs791595/"><strong>rs791595</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with high blood sugar</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with high blood sugar</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may lead to decreased leptin sensitivity, which in turn decreases </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin sensitivity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and increases blood sugar [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605734/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*8369124762043214*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Controlling Blood Sugar</strong></h2> <p>*6242758588581168*</p> <h3><strong>Exercise</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Physical </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and long-term fitness seem to decrease total leptin production and make people less likely to develop </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/the-root-causes-of-leptin-resistance-and-12-ways-to-reverse-it/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">leptin resistance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22975643/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056484/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157319/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Physical activity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a great way to manage blood glucose levels, and it gets more effective with increased intensity and duration. Muscle activity burns glucose for energy and makes cells more sensitive to insulin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781559/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587394/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26853238/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5510106/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30553010/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">People who are physically fit are less likely to become leptin resistant and less likely to have high blood sugar.</span></p> <h3><strong>Polyphenol-Rich Fruits &amp; Vegetables</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In animals, the consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables prevented leptin resistance [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133929/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fruits and vegetables are rich in complex dietary fibers. As opposed to refined carbohydrates, fiber delays blood glucose spikes and reduces </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin resistance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. A diet rich in fiber sources, including fruits and vegetables, has been associated with better </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin sensitivity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and a reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes in multiple studies [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17391554/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852813/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29378044/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14747241/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26840185/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037534/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dietary interventions replacing refined carbohydrates with fiber-rich foods significantly increased insulin sensitivity in healthy people and helped improve blood sugar control in those with type 2 diabetes [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16567814/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20420752/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4950069/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25527674/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450120/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28429906/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5518808/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Foods enriched in soluble fibers such as beta glucans, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucomannan-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glucomannan</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and arabinoxylan were also effective in several clinical trials [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561108/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18842808/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15042130/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16988651/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Flavonoids in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/blueberries-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">blueberries</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins) increase </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin sensitivity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in the pancreas, liver, and muscles decreasing glucose concentration and the risk of type 2 diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821977/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979328"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4931534/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables may prevent leptin resistance with their high fiber content or by the action of specific active compounds.</span></p> <h3><strong>Berberine</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Supplementation with </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/19-health-benefits-of-berberine-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">berberine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, an active compound in barberries, reduced BMI and enhanced leptin sensitivity in 37 patients with metabolic syndrome. In another study, it caused an average weight loss of 5 lbs (2.3 kg) and lowered blood lipids [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3310165/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22739410"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a 2020 review of human and animal studies, berberine might contribute to blood sugar regulation by improving </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucose/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glucose</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and fat metabolism [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32353823/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to one meta-analysis, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/berberine-19-health-benefits-of-berberine-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">berberine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may be beneficial in people with type 2 diabetes. However, the authors emphasized that the evidence was overall weak since the included trials were few and had low methodological quality. Berberine lowers </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/intermittent-fasting/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">fasting</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and post-meal glucose, and glycated </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/hemoglobin-good-bad-lab-tests-normal-values-reference-ranges/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">hemoglobin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels according to another meta-analysis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3478874/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25498346/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Berberine may enhance leptin sensitivity and improve blood sugar regulation.</span></p>
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407 | content_learn_more_8369124762043214_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your LEP gene is somewhat associated with high blood sugar. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of diabetes; it’s just one gene related to it. Exercise, polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables, and berberine may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs791595
rsStatus = rs791595,LOC105375494,chr7,128222749,A,C,G,T,36,0,Normal
