433 | id == 433
433 | category_id == 26
433 | category_order == 23
433 | category_name == Allergies
433 | category_color == #C47AC0
433 | slug == PTGER4-allergies
433 | title == The Role of Prostaglandins in Allergic Inflammation (PTGER4)
433 | meta_description == PTGER4 encodes prostaglandin E2 receptor 4, which promotes inflammation and inflammatory pain. What is its role in allergies?
433 | summary == <p><strong><em>PTGER4 </em>encodes prostaglandin E2 receptor 4, which promotes inflammation and inflammatory pain. What is its role in allergies? Read on to find out.</strong></p>
433 | overall_score_text == Your Allergy Score (based on PTGER4)
433 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/PTGER4-Allergies.jpg
433 | author_id == 1
433 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
433 | author_title == BSc, BEd
433 | author_order == 36
433 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
433 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
433 | reviewer == None
433 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
433 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
433 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
433 | publish_date == 2020
433 | publish_date == 10
433 | publish_date == 23
433 | avg_rating == 5.0
433 | tags_id == 860
433 | tags_name == Allergic Diseases
433 | tags_id == 97
433 | tags_name == Allergies
433 | tags_id == 98
433 | tags_name == Asthma
433 | tags_id == 99
433 | tags_name == Eczema
433 | tags_id == 848
433 | tags_name == Hay Fever
433 | tags_id == 874
433 | tags_name == PGE2
433 | tags_id == 873
433 | tags_name == Prostaglandins
433 | tags_id == 872
433 | tags_name == PTGER4 Gene
433 | permissions_favorite == False
433 | permissions_rate == False
433 | content_article == <h2><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes prostaglandin E receptor 4. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in allergies by increasing both inflammation and inflammatory pain. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by decreasing </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> expression or by reducing prostaglandin E2 production.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>PTGER4</em></strong><strong> and Allergies</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/ptger4/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4 </span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes prostaglandin E receptor 4, one of the receptors for the prostaglandin class of compounds. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that help trigger an acute immune reaction and inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5734"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3081099/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/prostaglandins/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Prostaglandins</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can be divided into a number of families. PTGER4 is specifically a receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a member of the prostaglandin E family [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5734"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">PGE2 is typically released in inflamed tissues and helps send </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/pain-management/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">pain</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> sensitivity signals through the PTGER4 receptor. Thus, PGE2 contributes to the pain that we feel during an inflammatory reaction [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16966471/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3081099/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene hasn&rsquo;t just been associated with inflammatory pain, however. Variants in this gene have been directly associated with autoimmune disease and allergic asthma, for example [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753407/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In one study, mice without the PTGER4 receptor were much less likely to develop skin allergies. The researchers concluded that the binding of PGE2 to the PTGER4 receptor promotes the immune response in the skin [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nm872?platform=hootsuite"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, in a study of 8 subjects with asthma, inhaling PGE2 decreased the response to allergens. PGE2 also protected against allergic lung inflammation in mice [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8317820"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159556"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">PGE2 appears to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. However, PTGER4 seems to mainly trigger an inflammatory response, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory functions of PGE2 might take place through a different receptor [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nm872?platform=hootsuite"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> variants that increase the activity of this receptor could therefore be more likely to develop allergic inflammation; however, this specific relationship has not yet been studied.</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene encodes a receptor for prostaglandin E2. When PGE2 binds to this receptor, it may increase sensitivity to allergens and pain due to inflammation.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>PTGER4</em></strong><strong> Results for Allergies</strong></h2> <p>*4647255198992559*</p> <p><strong>PTGER4 </strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs7720838/"><strong>rs7720838</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with allergic inflammation</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with allergic inflammation</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele may increase sensitivity to allergens and pain from inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nm872?platform=hootsuite"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16966471/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>PTGER4 </strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs7725052/"><strong>rs7725052</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with allergic inflammation</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with allergic inflammation</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele may increase sensitivity to allergens and pain from inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nm872?platform=hootsuite"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16966471/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*4721709441998605*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Preventing Allergies</strong></h2> <p>*9904878293271207*</p> <h3><strong>Sunlight &amp; Vitamin D</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers suspect that there could be an important interaction between </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and the prostaglandin pathway. Intriguingly, the vitamin D receptor (</span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/article/vdr-longevity-85"><span style="font-weight: 400;">VDR</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) may bind to a region of DNA that regulates </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> expression. This relationship is of particular interest to researchers studying </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/causes-symptoms-diagnosis-risk-factors-of-multiple-sclerosis/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">multiple sclerosis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, a degenerative autoimmune disease, but it could also help explain why </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sunlight</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and vitamin D improve allergies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406756/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with asthma and allergies in children [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675563/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17919705/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In people with allergic rhinitis and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> deficiency, supplementation improved allergy symptoms. This improvement was not significant until after 4 weeks of supplementation, suggesting that symptom improvement might not occur until vitamin D has been adequately replenished [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31332549/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Healthy exposure to </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sunlight</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is the best way of increasing your blood vitamin D levels. In addition, you can eat food sources of this vitamin (such as fatty fish, liver, egg yolks, and dairy) or take supplements [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The vitamin D receptor may directly affect </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTGER4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> expression, and vitamin D deficiency is common in children with asthma and allergies.</span></span></p> <h3><strong>Stinging Nettle</strong></h3> <p><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/cox2-natural-cox2-inhibitors/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">COX</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">-2 inhibitors block the production of prostaglandins and broadly reduce inflammation that way. One such COX-2 inhibitor is </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/stinging-nettle/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">stinging nettle</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, an extract of which reduced COX-2 activity in a cell study [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312281/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Both freeze-dried </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/stinging-nettle/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">stinging nettle</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> leaves and root extract improved the severity of allergic rhinitis in 2 clinical trials [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2192379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963652/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scientists believe that stinging nettle helps with allergies through its ability to reduce inflammatory markers and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/histamine/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">histamine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> production by mast cells [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19140159/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, stinging nettle (especially the leaves and hairs) contains histamine and some people may experience an allergic reaction to raw pur&eacute;ed nettle or nettle juice [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Stinging nettle extract inhibits the COX-2 enzyme, which produces prostaglandins. Nettle supplements have also improved allergy symptoms in clinical studies.</span></p>
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433 | content_learn_more_4721709441998605_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your PTGER4 gene is somewhat associated with allergic inflammation. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of allergies; it’s just one gene related to it. Sunlight, vitamin D, and stinging nettle may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs7725052,rs7720838
rsStatus = rs7725052,,chr5,40487168,C,T,,,20,11,HET
rsStatus = rs7720838,,chr5,40486794,G,T,,,20,6,HET
