440 | id == 440
440 | category_id == 26
440 | category_order == 23
440 | category_name == Allergies
440 | category_color == #C47AC0
440 | slug == NOD2-allergies
440 | title == A Genetic Link Between an Immune System Receptor & Asthma (NOD2)
440 | meta_description == NOD2 is involved in mediating Th2 immune responses. Variants of NOD2 have been associated with allergies. Read more here.
440 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>NOD2 is a receptor that can mediate a type of immune response called Th2. How might one variant of <em>NOD2</em> increase the risk of asthma? Read more to find out.&nbsp;</strong><br />  &nbsp;</p>
440 | overall_score_text == Your Allergy Score (based on NOD2 gene)
440 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/NOD2-AllergiesAsthma.jpg
440 | author_id == 14
440 | author_name == Shany Lahan
440 | author_title == MS (Neuroscience)
440 | author_order == 5
440 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Shany.webp
440 | author_intro == <p>Shany received her MSc in Neuroscience from Western University.</p>    <p>Prior to joining SelfDecode, Shany conducted research related to Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, and taught science to undergraduate students. She believes that research should be accessible to everyone, regardless of scientific background. Shany joined SelfDecode&nbsp;with a mission to help others optimize their health and wellbeing &ndash; as well as help them understand the science behind it all.</p>
440 | reviewer == None
440 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
440 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
440 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
440 | publish_date == 2020
440 | publish_date == 10
440 | publish_date == 27
440 | avg_rating == 5.0
440 | tags_id == 878
440 | tags_name == Airway
440 | tags_id == 98
440 | tags_name == Asthma
440 | tags_id == 591
440 | tags_name == IgE Antibodies
440 | tags_id == 367
440 | tags_name == IL-13
440 | tags_id == 864
440 | tags_name == IL-4
440 | tags_id == 369
440 | tags_name == NF-κB
440 | tags_id == 411
440 | tags_name == NOD2 Gene
440 | permissions_favorite == False
440 | permissions_rate == False
440 | content_article == <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOD2 is a receptor that can mediate a type of immune response called Th2. A variant of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOD2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">may play a role in allergies by increasing production or activity of NOD2. Supplement modifications may counteract the effects of this variant by decreasing NOD2 production or activity, while simultaneously balancing the immune response.&nbsp;</span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>NOD2</em></strong><strong> and Allergies</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The <em><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/nod2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NOD2</a></em> gene helps make a receptor that detects bacteria and promotes inflammation via </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/nuclear-factor-kappa-b/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NF-&kappa;B</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> activation. More recently, NOD2 has been linked to </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-people-th2-dominant/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">type 2 immune responses</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Th2) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1774769/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many scientists consider elevated Th2 activity to underlie a number of allergic diseases, including asthma. Specifically, Th2 cells can release </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/article/il4-allergies-426/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-4</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/article/il13-allergies-435/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-13</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, immune system proteins (cytokines) that have been shown to enhance the responsiveness of the airway to allergens (allergy-causing substances) [</span><a href="https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(97)70293-8/fulltext"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4532591/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC27457/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">These cytokines have also been linked to elevated release of a type of antibody called IgE. The release of IgE antibodies from immune system cells is an early step in allergic reaction progression [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC27457/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Interestingly, exposure to bacteria has been suggested to increase NOD2 activity and subsequently sensitize the airway to environmental allergens and pollutants, thus predisposing individuals to asthma [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21051079/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22196521/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A variant of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">NOD2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">has been associated with asthma and other allergic diseases. Similar to the effects following bacterial exposure, this variant may increase production or activity of NOD2, which can lead to inflammation, increased airway responsiveness to allergens, and excess IgE antibody release [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6534440/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>NOD2</em></strong><strong> Results for Allergies</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*1447707730951641*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>NOD2 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs2066844/"><strong>rs2066844</strong></a></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li>&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Increased risk of asthma</li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with asthma</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;">*2095971855954395*</p> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><strong>Recommendations for Improving Allergies</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*5884857977284346*</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Probiotics</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a1probiotics-good-bacteria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Probiotics</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are live strains of beneficial bacteria.&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Probiotics such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/l-paracasei/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lactobacillus (L.) paracasei</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-acidophilus/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. acidophilus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-l-plantarum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. plantarum</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-casei/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. casei</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-gasseri/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. gasseri</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/b-longum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bifidobacterium (B.) longum</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/b-animalis/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">B. animalis</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> improved hay fever in multiple trials. Moreover, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-rhamnosus/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. rhamnosus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-johnsonii/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. johnsonii</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/c-butyricum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Clostridium (C.) butyricum</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> enhanced the effectiveness of immune system therapy (immunotherapy) for pollen and dust mite allergies [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27442711/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16101937/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24569538/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16195581/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15653517/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18072744/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18510694/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19734682/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17259812/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23299716/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27401319/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22513081/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5342347/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In people with asthma, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/l-salivarius/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. salivarius</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/b-breve/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">B. breve</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reduced the production of inflammatory proteins, while </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">C. butyricum</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> combined with immunotherapy helped improve asthma symptoms [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446640/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4746628/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Preliminary research in adults and children with an allergy to cow milk suggests that the potential for </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. rhamnosus</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to modulate immune system activity may help prevent allergic reactions. This probiotic also enhanced the effectiveness of immunotherapy for peanut allergy [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10024217/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15241356/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25592987/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other probiotics may help by fermenting the food proteins that cause allergies. For instance, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-helveticus/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. helveticus</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-delbrueckii/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. delbrueckii</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/l-fermentum/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. fermentum</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> successfully reduced the allergenic potential of cow milk and </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/bee-propolis/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">propolis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in several studies [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20583192/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3370499/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23140691/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21385515/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Most bacteria, including probiotics, have a protein called peptidoglycan on their surfaces. One study found that NOD2 is able to detect peptidoglycan and (rather than promote inflammation) stimulate the release of an anti-inflammatory cytokine in response. However, this effect might be limited to peptidoglycan of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lactobacillus </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">strains [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22067939"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21471573/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another study suggested that </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. gasseri</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> OLL2809 in particular might be a good probiotic option for allergic diseases, as this strain was more effective at balancing the immune response when compared to other </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lactobacillus </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">strains. Specifically, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">L. gasseri</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> OLL2809 was observed to significantly reduce Th2 activity and decrease IgE antibody release [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16840600/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><em>Lactobacillus </em>probiotic strains may improve asthma and other allergic diseases by promoting the release of anti-inflammatory proteins via NOD2. <em>Lactobacillus </em>strains may also improve allergic diseases by reducing Th2 activity and decreasing IgE antibody release.&nbsp;</span></p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Curcumin (Turmeric)</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is the main active compound of turmeric.&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A clinical trial reported that taking curcumin supplements for two months reduced symptoms of hay fever, such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, and congestion, in their participants [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27789120/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The authors of this study suggested that this effect may have been due to curcumin helping to balance the immune response. This was evidenced by a decrease in the release of allergy-associated cytokines (such as IL-4) and an increase in the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27789120/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin is generally safe when taken by mouth, but can cause allergic contact dermatitis (redness and itchiness) if applied to the skin [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9686976/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16958931/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In human cells, curcumin was found to inhibit the excess production of NF-&kappa;B by suppressing NOD2 activity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593422/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Curcumin (turmeric) may improve asthma and other allergic diseases by decreasing the release of allergy-associated proteins, increasing the release of anti-inflammatory proteins, and inhibiting excess NF-&kappa;B production via NOD2 suppression.</span></p>
440 | content_snp_table_1447707730951641_key == 1447707730951641
440 | content_snp_table_1447707730951641_blur == True
440 | content_snp_table_1447707730951641_hidden == False
440 | content_learn_more_2095971855954395_key == 2095971855954395
440 | content_learn_more_2095971855954395_blur == True
440 | content_learn_more_2095971855954395_hidden == False
440 | content_learn_more_2095971855954395_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your NOD2 gene makes you somewhat more likely to develop asthma. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of asthma; it’s just one gene related to it. Probiotics and curcumin (turmeric) supplements may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
440 | content_recommendation_5884857977284346_key == 5884857977284346
440 | content_recommendation_5884857977284346_blur == True
440 | content_recommendation_5884857977284346_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs2066844
rsStatus = rs2066844,NOD2,chr16,50712015,C,T,,,21,17,HET
