460 | id == 460
460 | category_id == 27
460 | category_order == 24
460 | category_name == Fatigue
460 | category_color == #C47AC0
460 | slug == ADRB2-fatigue
460 | title == Can This Adrenaline Gene Prevent Chronic Fatigue? (ADRB2)
460 | meta_description == ADRB2 encodes a receptor for epinephrine which has been linked to fatigue disorders. Can it cause chronic fatigue syndrome?
460 | summary == <p><strong><em>ADRB2 </em>encodes a receptor for epinephrine which has been linked to pain &amp; fatigue disorders. Can it cause chronic fatigue syndrome? Find out here.</strong></p>
460 | overall_score_text == Your Fatigue Score (based on ADRB2)
460 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/ADRB2-Chronic-fatigue-syndrome.jpg
460 | author_id == 1
460 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
460 | author_title == BSc, BEd
460 | author_order == 36
460 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
460 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
460 | reviewer == None
460 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
460 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
460 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
460 | publish_date == 2020
460 | publish_date == 11
460 | publish_date == 5
460 | avg_rating == 5.0
460 | tags_id == 504
460 | tags_name == ADRB2 gene
460 | tags_id == 671
460 | tags_name == Adrenergic System
460 | tags_id == 904
460 | tags_name == Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
460 | tags_id == 53
460 | tags_name == Epinephrine
460 | tags_id == 68
460 | tags_name == Fatigue
460 | permissions_favorite == False
460 | permissions_rate == False
460 | content_article == <h2><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">encodes the &beta;2-adrenergic receptor. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in chronic fatigue syndrome by reducing epinephrine signalling. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by increasing epinephrine signalling to normal levels.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>ADRB2</em></strong><strong> and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/adrb2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes the &beta;2-adrenergic receptor, likewise abbreviated ADRB2. It has a very wide range of functions, sending signals in many different tissues [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390066/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ADRB2"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2 becomes activated when <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/epinephrine/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">epinephrine</a>, the primary &ldquo;fight or flight&rdquo; signal, binds to it. Thus, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is most commonly studied for its association with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-anxiety/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">anxiety</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, fear, and mental conditions related to them [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2713866/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2 is expressed in the nervous tissue that is responsible for </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/pain-management/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">pain</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> perception. Low density or low activation of this receptor may be implicated in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/pain-management/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">pain</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and fatigue disorders [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390066/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2 activation seems to be lower in people with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-real-heres-test/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">chronic fatigue syndrome</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> than in the healthy population [</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354620300120"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854315/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some people with chronic fatigue syndrome may have an autoimmune reaction against their own ADRB2 receptors. In this case, their immune system may be attacking these receptors, drastically reducing their ability to bind epinephrine [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854315/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes a receptor for epinephrine. Low levels of activation of ADRB2 has been implicated in pain and fatigue disorders including chronic fatigue syndrome.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>ADRB2</em></strong><strong> Results for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</strong></h2> <p>*2279466537463097*</p> <p><strong>ADRB2 </strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs1042714/"><strong>rs1042714</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21059181/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = associated with higher odds of chronic fatigue syndrome</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Possibly protective against chronic fatigue syndrome</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele may be more likely to develop antibodies against their own ADRB2 receptors [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5854315/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*4314548132940128*</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Increasing Energy Levels</strong></h2> <p>*3192719128239538*</p> <h3><strong>Exercise</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> triggers the release of epinephrine, which binds to and activates ADRB2 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2713866/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A sedentary lifestyle is a common cause of persistent fatigue. Several studies have reported that practicing more </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may reduce fatigue in healthy people. Paradoxically, being &lsquo;too tired&rsquo; was the most common excuse for not exercising in a study on middle-aged and elderly people [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23783259/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18277063/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4816334/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24154584/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with chronic fatigue syndrome are at especially high risk of not meeting physical activity requirements. In people with this condition, engaging in regular physical exercise may help reduce fatigue &mdash; even more than in healthy controls according to one meta-analysis [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21166613/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6419524/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5026555/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple studies have reported that exercise may help with fatigue from other conditions such as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/causes-symptoms-diagnosis-risk-factors-of-multiple-sclerosis/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">multiple sclerosis</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, COPD, lupus, ALS, fibromyalgia, muscle disease, and heart failure [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068865/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5931245/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6168432/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6937526/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28477898/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32452880/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2911859/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20091552/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16713337/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, over-exercising can lead to fatigue and several health issues. Experts recommend moderate exercise such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Exercise releases epinephrine, which binds ADRB2. People who are physically fit are also much less likely to become fatigued.</span></p> <h3><strong>Cold Exposure</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Acute </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/12-reasons-embrace-cold/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cold exposure</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> boosts sympathetic activity (including epinephrine) in brown and white fat tissues, resulting in energy and heat production [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18321949/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16936205"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19303978"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7068845/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple studies found </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/12-reasons-embrace-cold/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cold</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> water immersion prior to exercise effective at increasing performance. During exercise, only external cooling (e.g., by wearing cooling garments) may reduce fatigue from anaerobic exercise, while both external and internal cooling (e.g., by ingesting cold beverages) seem to improve aerobic performance [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29173092/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29952675/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31340407/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Similarly, cold exposure after exercise has been suggested to reduce fatigue perception after 48-72 hours in multiple trials. Whole-body immersion in cold water seems more effective than cryotherapy [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27398915/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30321486/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23434565/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27396361/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29127510/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Cold exposure triggers the sympathetic nervous system, which includes epinephrine signaling. Some studies have also found that cold exposure before and after exercise can reduce fatigue.</span></p> <h3><strong>Coffee</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The ADRB2 receptor is a direct target of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/caffeine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">caffeine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which binds to it in order to exert its effects [</span><a href="https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.725.3"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A comprehensive clinical review of 21 meta-analyses concluded that </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/caffeine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">caffeine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> improves </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> performance in a broad range of exercise tasks, in part through its anti-fatigue effects [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30926628/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When caffeine delays fatigue, the body&rsquo;s muscles can contract more forcefully and allow people to exercise longer. Aerobic exercise such as running, jogging, cardio workout, swimming, and biking can benefit the most from increased training volume [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11583104/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19757860/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Caffeine may also improve alertness while reducing mental fatigue, especially in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-sleep/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sleep</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">-deprived people. Several studies report reduced fatigue from mentally-demanding tasks after taking caffeine-containing beverages. However, frequent users seem to develop tolerance to the effects of caffeine [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608989/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209050/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29247343/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006208/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26320858/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16272184/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15678363/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several studies have found that &lsquo;energy drinks&rsquo; combining caffeine and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/taurine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">taurine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can reduce fatigue from prolonged driving [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24913484/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11310933/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24913484/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Caffeine binds directly to ADRB2 and temporarily increases energy levels.</span></p>
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rsIDs = rs1042714
rsStatus = rs1042714,ADRB2,chr5,148826910,G,A,C,T,34,0,Normal
