478 | id == 478
478 | category_id == 28
478 | category_order == 25
478 | category_name == Joint Inflammation
478 | category_color == #C47AC0
478 | slug == CD40-rheumatoid-arthritis
478 | title == "Foreign" Invaders & Rheumatoid Arthritis (CD40)
478 | meta_description == CD40 helps mount immune responses against invaders. Variants of CD40 are linked to rheumatoid arthritis. Read more here.
478 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The <em>CD40</em> gene is involved in mounting immune responses against foreign invaders, such as bacteria. How might variants of <em>CD40</em> increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Read more to find out.</strong></p>
478 | overall_score_text == Your Rheumatoid Arthritis Score (based on CD40 gene)
478 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/FCRL3-FCRL1-Rheumatoid-arthritis.jpg
478 | author_id == 14
478 | author_name == Shany Lahan
478 | author_title == MS (Neuroscience)
478 | author_order == 5
478 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Shany.webp
478 | author_intro == <p>Shany received her MSc in Neuroscience from Western University.</p>    <p>Prior to joining SelfDecode, Shany conducted research related to Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, and taught science to undergraduate students. She believes that research should be accessible to everyone, regardless of scientific background. Shany joined SelfDecode&nbsp;with a mission to help others optimize their health and wellbeing &ndash; as well as help them understand the science behind it all.</p>
478 | reviewer == None
478 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
478 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
478 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
478 | publish_date == 2020
478 | publish_date == 11
478 | publish_date == 16
478 | avg_rating == 5.0
478 | tags_id == 932
478 | tags_name == Antigen-Presenting Cells
478 | tags_id == 926
478 | tags_name == Autoantibodies
478 | tags_id == 33
478 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
478 | tags_id == 930
478 | tags_name == CD40 Gene
478 | tags_id == 931
478 | tags_name == CD40L
478 | permissions_favorite == False
478 | permissions_rate == False
478 | content_article == <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD40 helps initiate immune responses that normally help to eradicate foreign invaders, such as bacteria. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD40 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">may play a role in rheumatoid arthritis by increasing production or activity of CD40. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by decreasing CD40 production or activity.</span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>CD40</em></strong><strong> and Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD40 is a receptor found on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells, a subset of immune cells that normally present pieces of foreign substances (antigens) to other immune cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/958"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In this manner, CD40 helps initiate a wide array of immune responses necessary for eradicating bacteria, viruses, or other invaders [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/958"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826168/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Unfortunately, this system isn&rsquo;t perfect; when its activity is dysregulated, CD40 may mistakenly help initiate immune responses against the body&rsquo;s own tissues. This is called autoimmunity [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15838509/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374037/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3342324/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants of </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/cd40/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD40</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">have been associated with the autoimmune disorder rheumatoid arthritis. These variants may increase production or activity of CD40, which may promote immune reactions that target joints of the body</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30423114"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605761/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>CD40 </em></strong><strong>Results for Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*7354901070054731*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Primary SNP</strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>CD40 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs4239702/"><strong>rs4239702</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30423114"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Other Important SNPs</strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>CD40 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs4810485/"><strong>rs4810485</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/20453842"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605761/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>CD40 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs1883832/"><strong>rs1883832</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467986/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>CD40 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs6032662/"><strong>rs6032662</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/20453842"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605761/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;">*5005908270530668*</p> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><strong>Recommendations for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis&nbsp;</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*7073149936800887*</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Avoid Cigarettes</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking is one of the strongest environmental risk factors for developing rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2898190/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11085797"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple studies demonstrated that levels of CD40 were significantly higher in cells derived from smokers and in mice exposed to cigarette smoke, in comparison to non-smokers and healthy mice [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29606863/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15078798/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19734779/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Increased production of a protein (CD40L) that can activate CD40 was also observed in these studies, suggesting that cigarette smoke may also increase activity of CD40 [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29606863/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15078798/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19734779/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">An observational study of 296 people found that 88% of smokers tested positive for </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/rheumatoid-factor/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rheumatoid factor</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> over a period of 10 years. Also, the rheumatoid factor-positive group of people contained more smokers than the rheumatoid factor-negative group [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9833699"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The risk of high rheumatoid factor levels was 4 times higher in current smokers than in people who never smoked, according to an observational study of 7,124 people. In another study of 100 people with rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factors were more than twice as high in current and former smokers than in people who never smoked [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1004225/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16403829"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking the equivalent of 1 pack (20 cigarettes) a day for 25 years was linked to a 3-fold increase in the risk of elevated rheumatoid factor in a study of 336 rheumatoid arthritis patients. What&rsquo;s more, rheumatoid factor levels were directly linked to the number of years smoked in two studies of 673 people with rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9306868"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10743800"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11085797"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Avoiding cigarettes may prevent the development of rheumatoid arthritis by helping to maintain normal levels and activity of CD40.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Mediterranean Diet</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Mediterranean diet is a popular anti-inflammatory diet that may reduce swelling and pain in arthritic joints [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23975674/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Three randomized controlled trials attested to the anti-inflammatory benefits of the Mediterranean diet. These trials found significant reductions in CD40 production and activity, as well as lower levels of inflammatory markers [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27440261/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19056596/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24925270/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to one study of 51 rheumatoid arthritis patients, those eating a Mediterranean diet had significantly higher vitality scores (a measurement of energy, quality of life, and general function) than those eating a typical western diet [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23975674/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The anti-inflammatory effect of the Mediterranean diet may be due to its high content of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/olive-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">olive oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. In fact, people whose diets include a lot of olive oil are significantly less likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis than those who use other types of cooking oils [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10584053/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1771399/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a randomized controlled trial, polyphenol-rich olive oil was found to decrease production of CD40L, suggesting that it can reduce CD40 activity [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22440854/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The Mediterranean diet may help manage rheumatoid arthritis by lowering the production and activity of CD40.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Curcumin (Turmeric)</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, an anti-inflammatory compound found in the yellow spice turmeric, reduced the production of CD40 in a number of cell- and animal-based studies. In one study of mice with colitis, curcumin also inhibited the activation of antigen-presenting cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723087"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27715343/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5122716/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin reduced symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in multiple studies. At high doses, it improved pain, morning stiffness, joint inflammation, and mobility [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7390600/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28850308/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22407780/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, curcumin does not appear to be effective at lower doses. In the available studies, patients only benefited when consuming at least 500 mg per day [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31482684/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Curcumin (turmeric) may help manage rheumatoid arthritis by lowering the production of CD40 and suppressing the activation of antigen-presenting cells.&nbsp;</span></p>
478 | content_snp_table_7354901070054731_key == 7354901070054731
478 | content_snp_table_7354901070054731_blur == True
478 | content_snp_table_7354901070054731_hidden == False
478 | content_learn_more_5005908270530668_key == 5005908270530668
478 | content_learn_more_5005908270530668_blur == True
478 | content_learn_more_5005908270530668_hidden == False
478 | content_learn_more_5005908270530668_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your CD40 gene makes you somewhat more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of rheumatoid arthritis; it’s just one gene related to it. Avoiding cigarettes, following the Mediterannean diet, and taking curcumin (turmeric) supplements may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
478 | content_recommendation_7073149936800887_key == 7073149936800887
478 | content_recommendation_7073149936800887_blur == True
478 | content_recommendation_7073149936800887_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs4239702,rs6032662,rs4810485,rs1883832
rsStatus = rs4239702,CD40,chr20,46120612,T,A,C,,22,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs6032662,,chr20,46105671,C,A,T,,33,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs4810485,CD40,chr20,46119308,T,A,G,,45,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1883832,CD40,chr20,46118343,T,A,C,G,33,0,Normal
