494 | id == 494
494 | category_id == 28
494 | category_order == 25
494 | category_name == Joint Inflammation
494 | category_color == #C47AC0
494 | slug == UBE2L3-rheumatoid-arthritis
494 | title == A Genetic Link Between Protein Modulation & Rheumatoid Arthritis (UBE2L3)
494 | meta_description == UBE2L3 helps modulate protein activity. Variants of UBE2L3 have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Read more here.
494 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong><em>UBE2L3</em> may help modulate protein breakdown, location, activity, and interactions&hellip; but how might <em>UBE2L3</em> variants increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Read more to find out.</strong></p>
494 | overall_score_text == Your Rheumatoid Arthritis Score (based on UBE2L3 gene)
494 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/YDJC-UBE2L3-CCDC116-PPM1F-Rheumatoid-arthritis.jpg
494 | author_id == 14
494 | author_name == Shany Lahan
494 | author_title == MS (Neuroscience)
494 | author_order == 5
494 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Shany.webp
494 | author_intro == <p>Shany received her MSc in Neuroscience from Western University.</p>    <p>Prior to joining SelfDecode, Shany conducted research related to Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, and taught science to undergraduate students. She believes that research should be accessible to everyone, regardless of scientific background. Shany joined SelfDecode&nbsp;with a mission to help others optimize their health and wellbeing &ndash; as well as help them understand the science behind it all.</p>
494 | reviewer == None
494 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
494 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
494 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
494 | publish_date == 2020
494 | publish_date == 11
494 | publish_date == 20
494 | avg_rating == 5.0
494 | tags_id == 926
494 | tags_name == Autoantibodies
494 | tags_id == 33
494 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
494 | tags_id == 24
494 | tags_name == Inflammation
494 | tags_id == 369
494 | tags_name == NF-κB
494 | tags_id == 959
494 | tags_name == UBE2L3 Gene
494 | tags_id == 841
494 | tags_name == Ubiquitin
494 | tags_id == 843
494 | tags_name == Ubiquitination
494 | permissions_favorite == False
494 | permissions_rate == False
494 | content_article == <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">UBE2L3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3, an enzyme involved in modulating the activity of the inflammatory protein NF-kB. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">UBE2L3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">may play a role in rheumatoid arthritis by increasing the production or activity of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by decreasing production of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 and/or NF-kB.</span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>UBE2L3</em></strong><strong> and Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/ube2l3/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">UBE2L3</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene codes for ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3. This enzyme is involved in </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ubiquitination</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">: the attachment of a ubiquitin molecule to proteins [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7332"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ubiquitin normally targets abnormal proteins for breakdown. However, it has also been reported to be involved in altering the location, activity, or interactions of proteins [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7923371/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indeed, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 may be involved in activating </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/nuclear-factor-kappa-b/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NF-kB</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32334614/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945881/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NF-kB has been shown to stimulate the release of inflammatory proteins, as well as promote the formation of antibodies that recognize the body&rsquo;s own tissues (autoantibodies). In this manner, NF-kB may play a major role in the development of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882124/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374037/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18613848/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15838509/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">UBE2L3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. These variants may increase the production or activity of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3, which may lead to excess production of NF-kB, inflammatory protein release, and autoantibody formation</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467986/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/23143596"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3945881/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>UBE2L3</em></strong><strong> Results for Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*8742799540455395*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>UBE2L3 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs11089637/"><strong>rs11089637</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467986/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Other Important SNP:</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>UBE2L3 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs2298428/"><strong>rs2298428</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/23143596"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;">*9095632362592794*</p> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><strong>Recommendations for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*2801811492156751*</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Avoid Cigarettes</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In human lung cells, exposure to cigarette smoke increased the production of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30291989/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cigarette smoke has also been shown to activate NF-kB in numerous studies [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27586697/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18091336/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22724137/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking is one of the strongest environmental risk factors for developing rheumatoid arthritis. In one study, 88% of smokers tested positive for </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/rheumatoid-factor/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rheumatoid factor</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> over a period of 10 years [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2898190/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11085797"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9833699"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other studies have reported up to 4 times higher odds of having elevated rheumatoid factor in smokers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1004225/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16403829"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9306868"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10743800"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11085797"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Cigarette smoke may increase the production of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 and NF-kB. Avoiding cigarette smoke may help prevent rheumatoid arthritis by avoiding an increase in these proteins.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Garlic&nbsp;</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple studies have provided evidence for the anti-inflammatory benefits of <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/garlic-health-benefits/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">garlic</a>. Garlic may lower inflammation by suppressing NF-kB [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12840173/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28371322/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30160278/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27138790/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of 70 women with rheumatoid arthritis, those who consumed supplementary </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">garlic</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> had improved antioxidant status, pain scores, and general quality of life compared to those who were given a placebo. The effects were apparent at doses of 500 mg of garlic per day, which could be achieved through diet or supplements [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32159257/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Garlic may help manage rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing NF-kB.</span></p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Pomegranate</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a small, open-label study, rheumatoid arthritis patients who drank a concentrated </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/pomegranate/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">pomegranate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> juice extract once a day had improved inflammation and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/oxidative-stress-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">oxidative stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> markers after twelve weeks. However, this study only had eight participants and no control group, so more research is needed to explore these effects [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21910371/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In rat models of rheumatoid arthritis, pomegranate rind extract reduced pain and swelling. These effects were attributed to decreases in the activity of inflammatory markers, including NF-kB [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31368549/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Pomegranate may help manage rheumatoid arthritis by lowering the activity of NF-kB.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Boswellia</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple studies have shown that </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/boswellia/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">boswellia</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (frankincense) may lower the production of NF-kB [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25955295/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30466633/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27346540/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a meta-analysis of 260 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 400 mg of boswellia extract reduced swelling, pain, and stiffness. Patients were also able to reduce painkiller intake and required fewer emergency treatments [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194870"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Note that boswellic acids may only become detectable in the blood when administered with a high-fat meal [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15643550"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Boswellia may help manage rheumatoid arthritis by lowering NF-kB production.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">For a comprehensive list of ways to lower NF-kB, </span></em><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/nuclear-factor-kappa-b/#NF-B_Inhibitors"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">click here</span></em></a><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></em></p>
494 | content_snp_table_8742799540455395_key == 8742799540455395
494 | content_snp_table_8742799540455395_blur == True
494 | content_snp_table_8742799540455395_hidden == False
494 | content_learn_more_9095632362592794_key == 9095632362592794
494 | content_learn_more_9095632362592794_blur == True
494 | content_learn_more_9095632362592794_hidden == False
494 | content_learn_more_9095632362592794_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your UBE2L3 gene makes you somewhat more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of rheumatoid arthritis; it’s just one gene related to it. Avoiding cigarettes, consuming garlic and pomegranates, and supplementing with boswellia may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
494 | content_recommendation_2801811492156751_key == 2801811492156751
494 | content_recommendation_2801811492156751_blur == True
494 | content_recommendation_2801811492156751_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs2298428,rs11089637
rsStatus = rs2298428,YDJC,chr22,21628603,C,T,,,40,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs11089637,,chr22,21624807,T,C,G,,31,0,Normal
