507 | id == 507
507 | category_id == 28
507 | category_order == 25
507 | category_name == Joint Inflammation
507 | category_color == #C47AC0
507 | slug == PTPN22-rheumatoid-arthritis
507 | title == T Cell Regulation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PTPN22)
507 | meta_description == PTPN22 helps regulate T cell activity. Variants of PTPN22 have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Read more here.
507 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The <em>PTPN22 </em>gene helps suppress the activity of a cell critical for a variety of immune responses. Read more to find out how variants of <em>PTPN22</em> may promote rheumatoid arthritis progression, and how you may be able to mitigate their effects.&nbsp;</strong></p>
507 | overall_score_text == Your Rheumatoid Arthritis Score (based on PTPN22 gene)
507 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/RSBN1-PTPN22-PHTF1-Rheumatoid-arthritis.jpg
507 | author_id == 14
507 | author_name == Shany Lahan
507 | author_title == MS (Neuroscience)
507 | author_order == 5
507 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Shany.webp
507 | author_intro == <p>Shany received her MSc in Neuroscience from Western University.</p>    <p>Prior to joining SelfDecode, Shany conducted research related to Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, and taught science to undergraduate students. She believes that research should be accessible to everyone, regardless of scientific background. Shany joined SelfDecode&nbsp;with a mission to help others optimize their health and wellbeing &ndash; as well as help them understand the science behind it all.</p>
507 | reviewer == None
507 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
507 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
507 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
507 | publish_date == 2020
507 | publish_date == 11
507 | publish_date == 26
507 | avg_rating == 5.0
507 | tags_id == 33
507 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
507 | tags_id == 981
507 | tags_name == Csk
507 | tags_id == 393
507 | tags_name == IL-2
507 | tags_id == 24
507 | tags_name == Inflammation
507 | tags_id == 980
507 | tags_name == LYP
507 | tags_id == 47
507 | tags_name == PTPN22 Gene
507 | tags_id == 978
507 | tags_name == T Cell Receptor
507 | tags_id == 442
507 | tags_name == T Cells
507 | tags_id == 925
507 | tags_name == Th17
507 | tags_id == 971
507 | tags_name == TNF
507 | tags_id == 104
507 | tags_name == Tregs
507 | permissions_favorite == False
507 | permissions_rate == False
507 | content_article == <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene codes for LYP, an enzyme that suppresses T cell activity when dissociated from the regulatory protein Csk. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">may play a role in rheumatoid arthritis by producing LYP with reduced Csk-binding ability, resulting in decreased T cell-mediated release of a regulatory immune messenger. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by increasing production of this immune messenger, stimulating regulatory T cells, and suppressing inflammatory T cells.</span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>PTPN22 </em></strong><strong>and Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">T cells are critical components of the immune system. Activation of T cells through their receptors normally promotes regulated immune responses, such as the release of immune system messengers (cytokines) [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8619093/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/ptpn22/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene codes for lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), an enzyme that suppresses T cell activity when separated from the protein Csk [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/26191"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329573/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies have shown that variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">may lower the interactive ability of LYP and Csk, resulting in excessive T cell suppression. This may prevent the T cell-mediated release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329573/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16273109/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-2 is a cytokine that promotes the development of </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/treg/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">regulatory T cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/treg/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tregs</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">). Tregs are involved in suppressing the formation of autoantibodies, or antibodies that recognize the body&rsquo;s own tissues. In this manner, Tregs may function to prevent rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15307180/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3342324/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-2 also helps prevent the production of T helper 17 (</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/th17/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th17</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) immune system cells. Th17 cells release inflammatory cytokines, such as </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100298/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948291/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. These variants may produce a version of LYP that has low Csk-binding ability, leading to excessively low T cell activity,&nbsp; autoimmunity, and inflammation [</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/23143596"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/20453842"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/26546613"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30891314"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605761/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467986/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30423114"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3392759/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329573/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>PTPN22 </em></strong><strong>Results for Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*7888112045321221*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>PTPN22 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs6679677/"><strong>rs6679677</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/23143596"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/20453842"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/26546613"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Higher odds of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Other Important SNPs:</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>PTPN22 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs2476601/"><strong>rs2476601</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30891314"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605761/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467986/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30423114"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Higher odds of rheumatoid arthritis, relative to &lsquo;G&rsquo;&nbsp;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Lower odds of rheumatoid arthritis, relative to &lsquo;A&rsquo;</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;">*3230933694427271*</p> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><strong>Recommendations for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*1950191047927152*</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aquatic Exercise&nbsp;</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aquatic </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> describes any type of physical activity that takes place either partially or fully submerged in water. These activities can allow people to maintain physical fitness and reap the benefits of exercise even when they are not fully mobile out of the water [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5931167/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple animal- and human-based studies have reported that exercise may increase IL-2 production, boost Tregs, and decrease Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory cytokine release [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4998103/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20797460/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532549/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2787986/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 2 clinical trials of people with rheumatoid arthritis, aquatic exercise in particular produced the greatest </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/pain-management/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">pain</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reduction, when comparing the effects of different types of exercise [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8971230/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1821024/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Aquatic exercise may help manage rheumatoid arthritis by increasing IL-2 production, boosting Tregs, and reducing Th17 cell activity.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Garlic</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A number of studies have demonstrated immune-modifying benefits of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/garlic-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">garlic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or its extracts. For example, garlic (or its extracts) may increase the production of IL-2, elevate the number of Tregs, and reduce the number of Th17 cells [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10737264/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23700559/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30897500/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of women with rheumatoid arthritis, those who consumed supplementary garlic had improved antioxidant status, pain scores, and general quality of life compared to those who were given a placebo. The effects were apparent at doses of 500 mg of garlic per day, which could be achieved through diet or supplements [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32159257/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Garlic may help manage rheumatoid arthritis by increasing the production of IL-2, raising the number of Tregs, and decreasing the number of Th17 cells.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>B Vitamins</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A number of studies have suggested that vitamin B6 may be necessary for the production of IL-2, while </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/16-proven-benefits-vitamin-b9-folate-folic-acid/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">folic acid</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (vitamin B9) may be necessary for the survival of Tregs [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2021134/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5358464/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282783/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A product containing a combination of vitamins </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/thiamine/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">B1</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, B6, and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/vitamin-b12/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">B12</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> improved inflammation and blood flow in a study of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22324946/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In another study, a combination of vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid reduced inflammatory markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14626626/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">B vitamins may help manage rheumatoid arthritis by increasing the production of IL-2 and promoting Treg survival.</span></p>
507 | content_snp_table_7888112045321221_key == 7888112045321221
507 | content_snp_table_7888112045321221_blur == True
507 | content_snp_table_7888112045321221_hidden == False
507 | content_learn_more_3230933694427271_key == 3230933694427271
507 | content_learn_more_3230933694427271_blur == True
507 | content_learn_more_3230933694427271_hidden == False
507 | content_learn_more_3230933694427271_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your PTPN22 gene makes you somewhat more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis, relative to other variants. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of rheumatoid arthritis; it’s just one gene related to it. Aquatic exercise, consuming more garlic, and taking B vitamins may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
507 | content_recommendation_1950191047927152_key == 1950191047927152
507 | content_recommendation_1950191047927152_blur == True
507 | content_recommendation_1950191047927152_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs2476601,rs6679677
rsStatus = rs2476601,PTPN22,chr1,113834946,A,G,T,,5,38,HET
rsStatus = rs6679677,PHTF1,chr1,113761186,C,A,T,,25,0,Normal
