513 | id == 513
513 | category_id == 29
513 | category_order == 26
513 | category_name == Lupus
513 | category_color == #C47AC0
513 | slug == PTPN22-lupus
513 | title == T Cell Regulation in Lupus (PTPN22)
513 | meta_description == PTPN22 helps regulate T cell activity. Variants of PTPN22 have been associated with lupus. Read more here.
513 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The <em>PTPN22</em> gene helps suppress the activity of a cell critical for a variety of immune responses. Read more to find out how variants of <em>PTPN22</em> may promote lupus, and how you may be able to mitigate their effects.&nbsp;</strong></p>
513 | overall_score_text == Your Lupus Score (based on PTPN22 gene)
513 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/PTPN22-PHTF1-Lupus.jpg
513 | author_id == 14
513 | author_name == Shany Lahan
513 | author_title == MS (Neuroscience)
513 | author_order == 5
513 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Shany.webp
513 | author_intro == <p>Shany received her MSc in Neuroscience from Western University.</p>    <p>Prior to joining SelfDecode, Shany conducted research related to Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, and taught science to undergraduate students. She believes that research should be accessible to everyone, regardless of scientific background. Shany joined SelfDecode&nbsp;with a mission to help others optimize their health and wellbeing &ndash; as well as help them understand the science behind it all.</p>
513 | reviewer == None
513 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
513 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
513 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
513 | publish_date == 2020
513 | publish_date == 11
513 | publish_date == 30
513 | avg_rating == 5.0
513 | tags_id == 926
513 | tags_name == Autoantibodies
513 | tags_id == 33
513 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
513 | tags_id == 981
513 | tags_name == Csk
513 | tags_id == 393
513 | tags_name == IL-2
513 | tags_id == 980
513 | tags_name == LYP
513 | tags_id == 47
513 | tags_name == PTPN22 Gene
513 | tags_id == 442
513 | tags_name == T Cells
513 | tags_id == 925
513 | tags_name == Th17
513 | tags_id == 971
513 | tags_name == TNF
513 | tags_id == 104
513 | tags_name == Tregs
513 | permissions_favorite == False
513 | permissions_rate == False
513 | content_article == <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene codes for LYP, an enzyme that suppresses T cell activity when dissociated from the regulatory protein Csk. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">may play a role in lupus by producing LYP with reduced Csk-binding ability, resulting in decreased T cell-mediated release of a regulatory immune messenger. Lifestyle and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by increasing production of this immune messenger, stimulating regulatory T cells, and suppressing inflammatory T cells.</span></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>PTPN22 </em></strong><strong>and Lupus</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">T cells are critical components of the immune system. Activation of T cells through their receptors normally promotes regulated immune responses, such as the release of immune system messengers (cytokines) [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8619093/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/ptpn22/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene codes for lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), an enzyme that suppresses T cell activity when separated from the protein Csk [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/26191"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329573/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies have shown that variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">may lower the interactive ability of LYP and Csk, resulting in excessive T cell suppression. This may prevent the T cell-mediated release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329573/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16273109/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-2 is a cytokine that promotes the development of </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/treg/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">regulatory T cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/treg/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tregs</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">). Tregs are involved in suppressing the formation of autoantibodies, or antibodies that recognize the body&rsquo;s own tissues. In this manner, Tregs may function to prevent lupus and other autoimmune disorders [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15307180/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3342324/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-2 also helps prevent the production of T helper 17 (</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/th17/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Th17</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) immune system cells. Th17 cells release inflammatory cytokines, such as </span><a href="https://selfhack.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100298/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8948291/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTPN22 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">have been associated with lupus. These variants may produce a version of LYP that has low Csk-binding ability, leading to excessively low T cell activity, autoimmunity, and inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3434"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16021"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30573655"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329573/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>PTPN22 </em></strong><strong>Results for Lupus</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*9511064137920733*</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>PTPN22 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs6679677/"><strong>rs6679677</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3434"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16021"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30573655"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Higher odds of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with lupus</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>PTPN22 </em></strong><a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs2476601/"><strong>rs2476601</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16021"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4966635/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/19838195"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30573655"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul style="text-align: justify;"> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Higher odds of lupus, relative to &lsquo;G&rsquo;</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Lower odds of lupus, relative to &lsquo;A&rsquo;</span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: justify;">*2953383581075264*</p> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><strong>Recommendations for Managing Lupus</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;">*8961735804239845*</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Exercise</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple animal- and human-based studies have reported that <a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exercise</a> may increase IL-2 production, boost Tregs, and decrease Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory cytokine release [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4998103/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20797460/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532549/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2787986/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of 11 studies involving people with lupus concluded that 12-week aerobic </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> programs may help improve fatigue, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-depression/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">depression</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and physical fitness without worsening disease activity. People with mild lupus should begin with moderate intensity exercise for at least 20 minutes 3 days/week [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28477898/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28432856/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Exercise may help manage lupus by increasing IL-2 production, boosting Tregs, and decreasing inflammatory Th17 cytokines.&nbsp;</span></p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Acupuncture</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/acupuncture-benefits-mechanisms-risks/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Acupuncture</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, as practiced in Traditional Chinese Medicine, creates therapeutic effects through needling, pressure, or heat [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546562/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple human- and animal-based studies have reported that acupuncture may increase the production of IL-2. Studies have also shown that acupuncture may increase the number of Tregs, while decreasing the number of Th17 cells [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8246585/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1288925/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30001644/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495223/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748152/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Acupuncture may help relieve muscle </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/pain-management/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">pain</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> associated with lupus. In a small trial of lupus patients, standard care failed to reduce pain, while a 10-session course of acupuncture reduced pain by at least 30% in the 40% of patients who received it [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633212/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Acupuncture may help manage lupus by increasing IL-2 production, boosting Treg numbers, and lowering the number of Th17 cells.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Zinc</strong></h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/literally-everything-wanted-know-zinc-backed-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zinc</a> is well known to stimulate the production of IL-2. In addition, studies have suggested that its deficiency may promote Th17 activity, while lowering the activity of Tregs [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2345864/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22983538/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30316032/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with autoimmune diseases, including lupus, are more likely to have a </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">zinc</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> deficiency than the healthy population. In animals, zinc deprivation worsened the symptoms of autoimmune diseases [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793296/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6982939/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Zinc is available as a supplement; the richest dietary sources include beef, pork, oysters, and other seafood [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Zinc may help manage lupus by stimulating IL-2 production, lowering Th17 cell activity, and boosting the activity of Tregs.</span></p>
513 | content_snp_table_9511064137920733_key == 9511064137920733
513 | content_snp_table_9511064137920733_blur == True
513 | content_snp_table_9511064137920733_hidden == False
513 | content_learn_more_2953383581075264_key == 2953383581075264
513 | content_learn_more_2953383581075264_blur == True
513 | content_learn_more_2953383581075264_hidden == False
513 | content_learn_more_2953383581075264_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your PTPN22 gene is associated with a somewhat increased risk of lupus, relative to other variants. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of lupus; it’s just one gene related to it. Acupuncture, exercise, and zinc supplements may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
513 | content_recommendation_8961735804239845_key == 8961735804239845
513 | content_recommendation_8961735804239845_blur == True
513 | content_recommendation_8961735804239845_hidden == False
rsIDs = rs2476601,rs6679677
rsStatus = rs2476601,PTPN22,chr1,113834946,A,G,T,,5,38,HET
rsStatus = rs6679677,PHTF1,chr1,113761186,C,A,T,,25,0,Normal
