514 | id == 514
514 | category_id == 28
514 | category_order == 25
514 | category_name == Joint Inflammation
514 | category_color == #C47AC0
514 | slug == SPRED2-rheumatoid-arthritis
514 | title == Stress, MAPK, and the HPA Axis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (SPRED2)
514 | meta_description == The SPRED2 gene helps regulate MAPK signalling and the HPA axis. What is its connection to rheumatoid arthritis? Learn more here
514 | summary == <p><strong>The <em>SPRED2 </em>gene helps regulate MAPK signalling and the HPA axis. What is its connection to rheumatoid arthritis? Learn more here.</strong></p>
514 | overall_score_text == Your Arthritis Score (based on SPRED2)
514 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/SPRED2-RA.jpg
514 | author_id == 1
514 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
514 | author_title == BSc, BEd
514 | author_order == 36
514 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
514 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
514 | reviewer == None
514 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
514 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
514 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
514 | publish_date == 2020
514 | publish_date == 11
514 | publish_date == 30
514 | avg_rating == 5.0
514 | tags_id == 33
514 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
514 | tags_id == 415
514 | tags_name == HPA axis
514 | tags_id == 95
514 | tags_name == Immune System
514 | tags_id == 24
514 | tags_name == Inflammation
514 | tags_id == 999
514 | tags_name == MAPK
514 | tags_id == 82
514 | tags_name == Rheumatoid Arthritis
514 | tags_id == 998
514 | tags_name == SPRED2 Gene
514 | permissions_favorite == False
514 | permissions_rate == False
514 | content_article == <h2><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SPRED2 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">encodes a protein called sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 2. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SPRED2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in rheumatoid arthritis through its effects on MAPK and the HPA axis. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by reducing HPA activity and regulating MAPK.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>SPRED2</em></strong><strong> and Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/spred2/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SPRED2</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes a protein called sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 2, part of a family of proteins that regulate the MAPK cascade [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/200734"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of proteins that receive signals from outside the cell and translate them into messages for different parts of the cell machinery [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3063353/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">MAPKs are key parts of the cytokine-induced inflammatory response [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17538956"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">SPRED2 is also believed to reduce the activity of the HPA axis, which controls such vital functions as </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/resting-heart-rate/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">heart rate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, blood pressure, and digestion [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059030/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27871862"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The HPA axis also communicates with several regions of the brain, including [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27871862"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The limbic system, which is implicated in </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/21-drugs-increase-motivation/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">motivation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and mood,</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The amygdala, which generates fear in response to danger, and</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The hippocampus, which plays an important part in memory formation as well as in mood and motivation.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">MAPK and the HPA axis are both closely linked to inflammation, and they have both</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">been implicated in inflammatory disease [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16198162/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5375039/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3460412/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21092849/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variants in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SPRED2</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene have been linked to a variety of seemingly unrelated conditions from dwarfism to rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://www.jbc.org/content/280/31/28572.long"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/20453842"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The SPRED2 protein regulates the MAPK cascade and the HPA axis, both of which are associated with inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>SPRED2</em></strong><strong> Results for Rheumatoid Arthritis</strong></h2> <p>*1101490292846651*</p> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/spred2/"><strong>SPRED2</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs1876518/"><strong>rs1876518</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/20453842"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with relatively increased rates of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/spred2/"><strong>SPRED2</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs934734/"><strong>rs934734</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/20453842"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Not associated with rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with relatively increased rates of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/spred2/"><strong>SPRED2</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs1858037/"><strong>rs1858037</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/20453842"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/30423114"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with relatively increased rates of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with relatively decreased rates of rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> </ul> <p>*4504232920904075*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Improving Arthritic Inflammation</strong></h2> <p>*3438352637779178*</p> <h3><strong>Acupuncture</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/acupuncture-benefits-mechanisms-risks/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Acupuncture</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> as practiced in Traditional Chinese Medicine creates therapeutic effects through needling, pressure, or heat. Certain forms of acupuncture may reduce inflammation through effects on MAPK signalling and the HPA axis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546562/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6657648/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6937956/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is contradictory evidence about the effectiveness of acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis. One study found no benefit for pain and tenderness in the joints; another study found improvements in reported pain, grip strength, and arm strength after four weeks of acupuncture [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10515648/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30328699/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Moxibustion, another form of acupuncture, applies small pieces of burning dried mugwort (a flowering plant) to acupuncture points. One meta-analysis found that moxibustion reduced pain and markers of inflammation in 281 subjects; however, other reviews have found no significant benefit [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31348241/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21331532/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18710899/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Acupuncture has produced mixed results for rheumatoid arthritis patients; for those who benefit, it may act through MAPK and the HPA axis.</span></p> <h3><strong>Omega-3 Fatty Acids</strong></h3> <p><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/top-22-science-based-health-benefits-of-fish-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Omega-3 fatty acids</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may reduce inflammation through the MAPK signalling cascade. They may also help decrease the activity of the HPA axis [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16514067/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30077075/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies suggest that increased dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may protect against rheumatoid arthritis. In a meta-analysis of 20 clinical trials, higher omega-3 consumption improved rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and lab markers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5634864/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28965775/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Good dietary omega-3 sources include [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fish and seafood</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/flaxseed-oil-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Flaxseed</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chia seeds</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Walnuts</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/hemp-seeds/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hemp seeds</span></a></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Omega-3 fatty acids may help prevent rheumatoid arthritis through effects on MAPK and the HPA axis.</span></p> <h3><strong>Curcumin</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, an active compound found in the yellow spice turmeric, is a popular anti-inflammatory supplement. MAPK appears to be a direct target of curcumin, according to cell-based research. Rats given curcumin were also more resilient against stress and had decreased HPA axis activity [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17276891/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17022948/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin reduced some symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in multiple studies. At high doses, it improved pain, morning stiffness, joint inflammation, and mobility [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7390600/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28850308/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22407780/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, curcumin does not appear to be effective at lower doses. In the available studies, patients only benefited when consuming at least 500 mg per day [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31482684/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Curcumin may reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis through effects on MAPK and the HPA axis.</span></p>
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514 | content_learn_more_4504232920904075_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your SPRED2 gene is somewhat associated with arthritic inflammation. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of rheumatoid arthritis; it’s just one gene related to it. Acupuncture, omega-3 fatty acids, and curcumin may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs1858037,rs934734,rs1876518
rsStatus = rs1858037,SPRED2,chr2,65371166,T,A,C,,28,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs934734,SPRED2,chr2,65368452,G,A,C,T,29,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs1876518,SPRED2,chr2,65381775,C,T,,,7,35,HET
