535 | id == 535
535 | category_id == 29
535 | category_order == 26
535 | category_name == Lupus
535 | category_color == #C47AC0
535 | slug == TNFSF4-lupus
535 | title == The TNF Inflammatory Signalling Pathway in Lupus (TNFSF4)
535 | meta_description == The TNFSF4 gene encodes a member of the TNF signalling family. How does it increase inflammation in patients with lupus?
535 | summary == <p><strong>The <em>TNFSF4 </em>gene encodes a member of the TNF signalling family. How does it increase inflammation in patients with lupus? Read on to learn more.</strong></p>
535 | overall_score_text == Your Lupus Score (based on TNFSF4)
535 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/TNFSF4-Lupus.jpg
535 | author_id == 1
535 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
535 | author_title == BSc, BEd
535 | author_order == 36
535 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
535 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
535 | reviewer == None
535 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
535 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
535 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
535 | publish_date == 2020
535 | publish_date == 12
535 | publish_date == 7
535 | avg_rating == 5.0
535 | tags_id == 33
535 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
535 | tags_id == 95
535 | tags_name == Immune System
535 | tags_id == 24
535 | tags_name == Inflammation
535 | tags_id == 84
535 | tags_name == Lupus
535 | tags_id == 442
535 | tags_name == T Cells
535 | tags_id == 235
535 | tags_name == TNF-alpha
535 | tags_id == 1016
535 | tags_name == TNFSF4 Gene
535 | permissions_favorite == False
535 | permissions_rate == False
535 | content_article == <h2><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encoes TNF superfamily member 4. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in lupus by increasing TNF-alpha signalling. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by reducing TNF-alpha.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>TNFSF4</em></strong><strong> and Lupus</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/tnfsf4/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF4</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes TNF superfamily member 4, an inflammatory signal that is part of the TNF signalling system. Once certain types of T cells are activated by TNF-alpha, TNFSF4 helps these cells move around the body to produce an immune response [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7292"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha, a type of cell signaling protein, is produced by different immune cells, including [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Macrophages</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/intro-natural-killer-cells-increase-decrease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Natural killer</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (NK) cells</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/neutrophils/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Neutrophils</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mast cells</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Besides inducing </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-ways-lower-inflammation/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">inflammation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and fever, TNF-alpha can suppress appetite and stimulate phagocytosis (the process by which some white blood cells &ldquo;swallow&rdquo; and destroy damaged cells and pathogens) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variations in the TNFSF4 gene may cause improper TNF signalling and contribute to a range of health conditions, such as autoimmune diseases [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014780/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27991935"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17216494?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNFSF4</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes a member of the TNF family. TNF signals increase inflammation and promote an immune response; in excess, they can contribute to autoimmunity.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>TNFSF4</em></strong><strong> Results for Lupus</strong></h2> <p>*1635765471605716*</p> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/tnfsf4/"><strong>TNFSF4</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs2205960/"><strong>rs2205960</strong></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">[</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16021"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19838193/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/19838195"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/23273568"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele may promote signalling through TNF-alpha, possibly contributing to autoimmune inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014780/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27991935"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17216494?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/tnfsf4/"><strong>TNFSF4</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs12736195/"><strong>rs12736195</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/26502338"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele may suppress signalling through TNF-alpha, possibly protecting against autoimmune inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014780/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27991935"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17216494?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/tnfsf4/"><strong>TNFSF4</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs10912578/"><strong>rs10912578</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3434"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4966635/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may suppress signalling through TNF-alpha, possibly protecting against autoimmune inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014780/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27991935"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17216494?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*2596815445041673*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Autoimmune Inflammation</strong></h2> <p>*6276803841968226*</p> <h3><strong>Avoid Cigarettes</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha levels are significantly higher in cigarette smokers, which makes them even more sensitive to the effects of TNF variants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921689/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several meta-analyses found that the risk of lupus increases by approximately 50% in current but not in former smokers. Moreover, smoking may reduce the effectiveness of antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (used for skin injuries) by 50% and immunosuppressants such as belimumab (used for systemic symptoms) by 90% [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31520802/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26188616/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25648824/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">People who smoke cigarettes tend to have significantly higher TNF-alpha levels and may be at higher risk of developing lupus.</span></p> <h3><strong>Exercise</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although exercise increases inflammatory signalling in the short term, people who are physically fit have lower levels of TNF-alpha and other markers of inflammation in the long term [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5667627/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23029958"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of people with lupus concluded that 12-week aerobic </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> programs may help improve fatigue, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-depression/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">depression</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and physical fitness without worsening disease activity. People with mild lupus should begin with moderate intensity exercise for at least 20 minutes 3 days/week [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28477898/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28432856/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Physically fit people have lower baseline levels of TNF-alpha, and aerobic exercise may decrease the severity of lupus symptoms.</span></p> <h3><strong>Green Tea</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Green tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is well known for its ability to reduce inflammation. Multiple studies have observed significant reductions in levels of TNF after treatment with or consumption of EGCG [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26187476/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25350163/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21682898/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a placebo-controlled trial of 68 people with lupus, taking 1000 mg/day of a </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">green tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> extract with 22% polyphenols (equivalent to one cup of green tea) for 12 weeks improved disease severity and quality of life [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28585735/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Green tea contains EGCG, which may reduce TNF-alpha and improve the symptoms of lupus.</span></p>
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535 | content_learn_more_2596815445041673_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your TNFSF4 gene is somewhat associated with autoimmune inflammation. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of lupus; it’s just one gene related to it. Exercise, green tea, and avoiding cigarettes may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs2205960,rs12736195,rs10912578
rsStatus = rs12736195,TNFSF4,chr1,173338762,T,C,,,39,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs10912578,TNFSF4,chr1,173282717,A,G,T,,7,20,HET
