540 | id == 540
540 | category_id == 29
540 | category_order == 26
540 | category_name == Lupus
540 | category_color == #C47AC0
540 | slug == PTTG1-lupus
540 | title == C-myc & TNF in Autoimmune Inflammation & Lupus (PTTG1)
540 | meta_description == PTTG1 encodes securin, which increases both c-myc and TNF-alpha and stimulates inflammation. What is its role in lupus?
540 | summary == <p><strong><em>PTTG1 </em>encodes securin, which increases both c-myc and TNF-alpha and stimulates inflammation. What is its role in lupus? Read on to find out.</strong></p>
540 | overall_score_text == Your Lupus Score (based on PTTG1)
540 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/PTTG1-Lupus.jpg
540 | author_id == 1
540 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
540 | author_title == BSc, BEd
540 | author_order == 36
540 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
540 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
540 | reviewer == None
540 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
540 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
540 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
540 | publish_date == 2020
540 | publish_date == 12
540 | publish_date == 9
540 | avg_rating == 5.0
540 | tags_id == 33
540 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
540 | tags_id == 1021
540 | tags_name == c-myc
540 | tags_id == 95
540 | tags_name == Immune System
540 | tags_id == 24
540 | tags_name == Inflammation
540 | tags_id == 84
540 | tags_name == Lupus
540 | tags_id == 1020
540 | tags_name == PTTG1 Gene
540 | tags_id == 971
540 | tags_name == TNF
540 | tags_id == 235
540 | tags_name == TNF-alpha
540 | permissions_favorite == False
540 | permissions_rate == False
540 | content_article == <h2><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTTG1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes a protein called securin. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTTG1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in lupus by increasing TNF-alpha and c-myc. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by reducing or blocking TNF-alpha and c-myc.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>PTTG1</em></strong><strong> and Lupus</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/PTTG1/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTTG1</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes a protein called securin, which helps regulate cell division [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9232"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3216656/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Like many other proteins involved in the cell cycle, securin has been implicated in the development of some kinds of cancer. According to one study, securin increases c-myc and TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6745867/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">C-myc is an extremely important transcriptional regulator which is believed to have an effect on the expression of 15% of all other genes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4609"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928593/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">C-myc is heavily involved in the activation of T cells and innate lymphoid cells, two types of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/how-to-increase-and-decrease-white-blood-cells/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">white blood cells</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Innate lymphoid cells are part of the earliest immune response to many triggers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4922420/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31833571/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6237/aaa6566"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha is an inflammatory signalling molecule produced by many types of white blood cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Besides inducing </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-ways-lower-inflammation/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">inflammation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and fever, TNF-alpha can suppress appetite and stimulate phagocytosis (the process by which some white blood cells &ldquo;swallow&rdquo; and destroy damaged cells and pathogens) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At least two variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTTG1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> have been associated with lupus. Variants that increase securin production likely also increase c-myc and TNF-alpha, leading to increased susceptibility to autoimmune inflammation [</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/26502338"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16021"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3434"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">PTTG1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes a protein called securin. It may increase both c-myc and TNF-alpha, which in turn can contribute to autoimmune inflammation.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>PTTG1</em></strong><strong> Results for Lupus</strong></h2> <p>*4721137128965427*</p> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/PTTG1/"><strong>PTTG1</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs2431697/"><strong>rs2431697</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://europepmc.org/article/med/26502338"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16021"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele may decrease securin activity, leading to lower c-myc and TNF-alpha and reduced inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6745867/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/PTTG1/"><strong>PTTG1</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs2431098/"><strong>rs2431098</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3434"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher rates of lupus</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele may increase securin activity, leading to higher c-myc and TNF-alpha and increased inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6745867/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*4750916585520561*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Autoimmune Inflammation</strong></h2> <p>*2961916741630295*</p> <h3><strong>Avoid Cigarettes</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha levels are significantly higher in cigarette smokers, which makes them even more sensitive to the effects of TNF variants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921689/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exposure to cigarette smoke also increases the expression of c-myc, which may lead to increased inflammation, potential autoimmune disorders, and cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5386684/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several meta-analyses found that the risk of lupus increases by approximately 50% in current but not in former smokers. Moreover, smoking may reduce the effectiveness of antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (used for skin injuries) by 50% and immunosuppressants such as belimumab (used for systemic symptoms) by 90% [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31520802/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26188616/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25648824/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Exposure to cigarette smoke may increase both TNF-alpha and c-myc. It has also been identified as a risk factor for lupus.</span></p> <h3><strong>Vitamin D</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> appears to reduce c-myc activity. Once activated, the vitamin D receptor </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/blog/article/vdr-longevity-85"><span style="font-weight: 400;">VDR</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can bind to a region of DNA that lowers the production of c-myc. </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sunlight</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and vitamin D have been studied for their potential to suppress some types of cancer for that reason, but this action may also benefit people with lupus [</span><a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/apm/2011/281863/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People suffering from lupus have lower </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels and are at a higher risk of deficiency than healthy people according to several meta-analyses involving over 4k people [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31520805/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31468723/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29412807/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30636593/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Controlled trials of 490 lupus patients found that supplementation with vitamin D increases the blood levels of this vitamin and may reduce fatigue, but has no effect on lupus severity [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31331447/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although a moderate exposure to </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/avoiding-sun-will-kill-14-proven-science-based-health-benefits-sun/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sunlight</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is the best way to increase blood </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels, which are often low in people with lupus, the skin of many people with this condition is hypersensitive to UV radiation and develops injuries in response to sunlight [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21593767/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Using highly protective, broad-spectrum sunscreens prevented injuries caused by UV radiation in 3 controlled clinical trials (one of them placebo-controlled) on 56 people with lupus. People with lupus are advised to use sun protection every time they go out [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11132128/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21167404/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23171460/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Vitamin D may reduce c-myc activity and improve fatigue associated with lupus, but lupus patients should be careful to wear sunblock when going out in the sun.</span></p> <h3><strong>Green Tea</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Green tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is well known for its ability to reduce inflammation. Multiple studies have observed significant reductions in levels of TNF-alpha after treatment with or consumption of EGCG [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26187476/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25350163/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21682898/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">EGCG also reduced c-myc activity back down to normal levels in mice with artificially increased c-myc [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8584456/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a placebo-controlled trial of 68 people with lupus, taking 1000 mg/day of a </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">green tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> extract with 22% polyphenols (equivalent to one cup of green tea) for 12 weeks improved disease severity and quality of life [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28585735/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Green tea contains EGCG, which may reduce both TNF-alpha and c-myc and improve lupus severity.</span></p>
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540 | content_learn_more_4750916585520561_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your PTTG1 gene is somewhat associated with autoimmune inflammation. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of lupus; it’s just one gene related to it. Avoiding cigarettes, supplementing with vitamin D, and drinking green tea may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs2431697,rs2431098
rsStatus = rs2431697,,chr5,160452971,T,C,,,29,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs2431098,,chr5,160460329,A,G,T,,2,25,HET
