602 | id == 602
602 | category_id == 96
602 | category_order == 29
602 | category_name == Blood Pressure
602 | category_color == #C47AC0
602 | slug == ADRB1-blood-pressure
602 | title == Is Norepinephrine Raising Your Blood Pressure? (ADRB1)
602 | meta_description == The ADRB1 gene encodes a receptor for the fight or flight neurotransmitter norepinephrine. How does it affect blood pressure?
602 | summary == <p><strong>The <em>ADRB1 </em>gene encodes a receptor for the fight or flight neurotransmitter norepinephrine. How does it affect blood pressure? Find out here.</strong></p>
602 | overall_score_text == Your Blood Pressure Score (based on ADRB1)
602 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/ADRB1-Blood-Pressure.jpg
602 | author_id == 1
602 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
602 | author_title == BSc, BEd
602 | author_order == 36
602 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
602 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
602 | reviewer == None
602 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
602 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
602 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
602 | publish_date == 2021
602 | publish_date == 1
602 | publish_date == 14
602 | avg_rating == 5.0
602 | tags_id == 664
602 | tags_name == ADRB1 Gene
602 | tags_id == 671
602 | tags_name == Adrenergic System
602 | tags_id == 172
602 | tags_name == Blood Pressure
602 | tags_id == 191
602 | tags_name == Heart Health
602 | tags_id == 335
602 | tags_name == Hypertension
602 | tags_id == 52
602 | tags_name == Norepinephrine
602 | permissions_favorite == False
602 | permissions_rate == False
602 | content_article == <h2><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB1 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">encodes the beta-1 adrenergic receptor. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in high blood pressure by increasing heart rate and contraction force. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by decreasing circulating norepinephrine.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>ADRB1</em></strong><strong> and Blood Pressure</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/adrb1/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB1</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes the beta-1 adrenergic receptor, which is bound and activated by the neurotransmitter </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/norepinephrine-stress-hormone/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">norepinephrine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/153"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Norepinephrine is part of the sympathetic nervous system, which manages the body&rsquo;s response to stress. It is one of the fight or flight hormones, along with its close relative epinephrine. Some amount of norepinephrine is required for good health, but too much can cause problems [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5772764/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the brain, norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances the formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention; it also increases restlessness and</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-treatments-anxiety/"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> anxiety</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811862/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25589262"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the rest of the body, norepinephrine increases </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/resting-heart-rate/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">heart rate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and blood pressure, triggers the release of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/glucose/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">glucose</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, blocks urination, and slows the rate at which food moves through the gut [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811862/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25589262"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5772764/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Norepinephrine has multiple receptors. Of these, ADRB1&rsquo;s function is to increase heart rate and the strength of the heart&rsquo;s contractions. Increased ADRB1 activity is associated with increased blood pressure [</span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOLTBQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q=adrenergic%20receptor&amp;f=false"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27235450/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5364866/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">At least two variants in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene have been associated with higher blood pressure. In both cases, the detrimental alleles increase activation of the beta-1 adrenergic receptors [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370207/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0303-9"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">ADRB1</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene encodes a receptor for norepinephrine that increases heart rate and contraction strength. Higher ADRB1 activity increases blood pressure.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>ADRB1</em></strong><strong> Results for Blood Pressure</strong></h2> <p>*7878443621886881*</p> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/adrb1/"><strong><em>ADRB1</em></strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs1801253/"><strong>rs1801253</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370207/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0303-9"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher blood pressure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower blood pressure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele may decrease ADRB1 activity, leading to reduced heart rate and contraction pressure [</span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOLTBQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q=adrenergic%20receptor&amp;f=false"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/adrb1/"><strong><em>ADRB1</em></strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs10787516/"><strong>rs10787516</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower blood pressure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher blood pressure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele may increase ADRB1 activity, leading to increased heart rate and contraction pressure [</span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOLTBQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q=adrenergic%20receptor&amp;f=false"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*8103326222868019*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Blood Pressure</strong></h2> <p>*7220705991341689*</p> <h3><strong>Stress Reduction</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mental </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/63-factors-raising-stress-cortisol-level-backed-science/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">stress</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> has been associated with a 2.5-fold higher risk of high blood pressure. In particularly sensitive people, stress may further increase blood pressure by 21% [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28415916/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19347197/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Job strain may also increase blood pressure, especially in men [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12883105/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3673518/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stress-reduction techniques such as stress management training, biofeedback, and muscle relaxation lowered blood pressure in several clinical trials [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25084308/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2268875/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18548088/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In people with the</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">&nbsp;<a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs1801253/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rs1801253</a>-C variant, mental stress can significantly increase blood pressure [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12023679/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Stress reduction may reduce the impact of stress on your blood pressure.</span></p> <h3><strong>Maintaining a Healthy Weight</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a small study of 11 obese men, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> decreased supine norepinephrine&mdash;that is, the level of norepinephrine when the men were lying down&mdash;by over 30%. Norepinephrine levels were also strongly related to the distribution of fat in the men&rsquo;s bodies; when fat was distributed mostly around the belly, norepinephrine was higher [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7723665"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The authors suggested that losing belly fat may lower norepinephrine. However, this was a very small study, and larger trials will be required to clarify the results [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7723665"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Being overweight or obese, especially if accompanied by excessive visceral fat, is a major risk factor for high blood pressure. Excessive body fat activates the fight-or-flight nervous system, worsens kidney function, increases damage to the blood vessels, and causes </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/insulin-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">insulin</span></a><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/top-tips-for-fixing-insulin-resistance/"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> resistance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, all of which increases blood pressure [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28532816/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12196085/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple studies show that interventions with increased physical activity and special diets causing a ~5-kg </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> lower systolic (by ~4.5 mmHg) and diastolic (by ~3.4 mmHg) blood pressure. As expected, losing more weight led to larger blood pressure reduction [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12975389/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154764/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for high blood pressure, and weight loss may decrease circulating norepinephrine.</span></p> <h3><strong>Green Tea</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Green tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and its extracts contain a compound called epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, or</span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;"> EGCG</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. While green tea contains </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/caffeine-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">caffeine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which may increase norepinephrine, the other components of green tea (including EGCG) appeared to counteract this effect, reduce norepinephrine, and lower blood pressure in a small clinical study. EGCG and green tea extract are also available as supplements [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27457068"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Four meta-analyses found that drinking </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/green-tea/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">green tea</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure by about 2.5 mmHg each [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117505/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24675010/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25137341/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7433290/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Green tea may decrease blood pressure by reducing norepinephrine levels.</span></p> <h3><strong>Melatonin</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/melatonin-part-2/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Melatonin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is sometimes called the sleep hormone; in one study, taking melatonin and then immediately lying down decreased norepinephrine and blood pressure and helped people </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-23-methods-to-fall-asleep/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">fall asleep</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. They did not benefit in this way if they remained standing after taking melatonin [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10235107"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11320384"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of 7 studies involving 221 people with nocturnal hypertension found that supplementation with controlled-release (but not fast-release) </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/melatonin/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">melatonin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> lowered systolic (by 6.1 mmHg) and diastolic (by 3.5 mmHg) blood pressure. Another meta-analysis of 8 studies and 743 people with metabolic disorders also found melatonin effective at lowering blood pressure&nbsp; [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3180511/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30647466/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Like </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-sleep/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">sleep</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, blood pressure has </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/what-it-means-to-keep-to-a-circadian-rhythm/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">circadian</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> rhythmicity. It increases in the morning and decreases at night. Melatonin shows the opposite pattern, indicating that it may have a role in lowering blood pressure at night. In line with this, activation of the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 widens the blood vessels [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4227197/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Taking melatonin immediately before lying down to sleep at night may decrease norepinephrine and reduce blood pressure.</span></p>
602 | content_snp_table_7878443621886881_key == 7878443621886881
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602 | content_learn_more_8103326222868019_key == 8103326222868019
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602 | content_learn_more_8103326222868019_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your ADRB1 gene is somewhat associated with increased norepinephrine binding activity. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of high blood pressure; it’s just one gene related to it. Maintaining a healthy weight, drinking green tea, and taking melatonin before bed may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs10787516,rs1801253
rsStatus = rs10787516,,chr10,114054165,C,T,,,5,21,HET
rsStatus = rs1801253,ADRB1,chr10,114045297,G,A,C,,26,0,Normal
