605 | id == 605
605 | category_id == 96
605 | category_order == 29
605 | category_name == Blood Pressure
605 | category_color == #C47AC0
605 | slug == SH2B3-blood-pressure
605 | title == An Immune System Regulator Gene in Blood Pressure (SH2B3)
605 | meta_description == The SH2B3 gene encodes an immune system adaptor protein. What is its connection to high blood pressure? Read on to find out.
605 | summary == <p><strong>The <em>SH2B3 </em>gene encodes an immune system adaptor protein that reduces cytokine levels. What is its connection to high blood pressure? Read on to find out.</strong></p>
605 | overall_score_text == Your Blood Pressure Score (based on SH2B3)
605 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/SH2B3-Blood-Pressure.jpg
605 | author_id == 1
605 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
605 | author_title == BSc, BEd
605 | author_order == 36
605 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
605 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
605 | reviewer == None
605 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
605 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
605 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
605 | publish_date == 2021
605 | publish_date == 1
605 | publish_date == 18
605 | avg_rating == 5.0
605 | tags_id == 172
605 | tags_name == Blood Pressure
605 | tags_id == 335
605 | tags_name == Hypertension
605 | tags_id == 463
605 | tags_name == IL-1b
605 | tags_id == 253
605 | tags_name == IL-6
605 | tags_id == 95
605 | tags_name == Immune System
605 | tags_id == 24
605 | tags_name == Inflammation
605 | tags_id == 211
605 | tags_name == SH2B3 Gene
605 | tags_id == 235
605 | tags_name == TNF-alpha
605 | permissions_favorite == False
605 | permissions_rate == False
605 | content_article == <h2><strong>Summary</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> encodes SH2B adapter protein 3. Variants of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> may play a role in high blood pressure by increasing B2M and inflammatory cytokines. Lifestyle, diet, and supplement modifications may counteract the effects of these variants by decreasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha.</span></p> <h2><strong><em>SH2B3</em></strong><strong> and Blood Pressure</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/sh2b3/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gene codes for SH2B adapter protein 3, also known as the </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/lymphocytes/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">lymphocyte</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> adaptor protein LNK. This protein helps regulate an array of essential pathways, including [</span><a href="https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SH2B3"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4763980/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation and the immune response</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cell growth and migration</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Due to its wide range of functions, SH2B3 has considerable significance for human health. Studies have linked its variants with different autoimmune conditions, heart disease, blood disorders, and more [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21723852"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/lookup/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.04887"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers are currently studying exactly how SH2B3 affects blood pressure. Studies of bone marrow transplants have revealed that SH2B3 regulates blood pressure through its expression in the tissues that grow and build new blood cells [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4763980/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study of over 7,000 people, those with lower </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene expression had higher levels of a protein called beta-2 microglobulin (&beta;2M or B2M) circulating in their blood. Higher B2M, in turn, is associated with higher blood pressure measurements [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334659/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">also decreases the expression of multiple inflammatory cytokines that have been implicated in high blood pressure [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4811117/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25224864/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More specifically, </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">fine-tunes the production of </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-6</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-1b</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10799879"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4811117/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21723852"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SH2B3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">gene encodes an immune system adaptor protein that decreases the production of inflammatory cytokines. Through these cytokines and B2M, it may regulate blood pressure.</span></span></p> <h2><strong>Your </strong><strong><em>SH2B3</em></strong><strong> Results for Blood Pressure</strong></h2> <p>*3988129125830197*</p> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/SH2B3/"><strong>SH2B3</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs3184504/"><strong>rs3184504</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370207/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower blood pressure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher blood pressure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele may decrease SH2B3 expression and increase B2M levels in the blood [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334659/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p><a href="https://selfdecode.com/gene/SH2B3/"><strong>SH2B3</strong></a> <a href="https://selfdecode.com/snp/rs10774625/"><strong>rs10774625</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25826379/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with relatively lower blood pressure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with relatively higher blood pressure</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The &lsquo;A&rsquo; allele may decrease SH2B3 expression and increase B2M levels in the blood [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334659/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></li> </ul> <p>*7748688312640382*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations for Reducing Blood Pressure</strong></h2> <p>*5839308103975949*</p> <h3><strong>Exercise</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Moderate </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> lowered the levels of IL-6 and other inflammatory markers in healthy people of all ages and those with conditions such as obesity or type 2 diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6497785/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28771081"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6940473/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355625"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although TNF-alpha levels can actually increase immediately after </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (especially after vigorous physical activity), regular exercise decreases TNF-associated inflammation in the long run [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30371169"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22092703"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320801/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011264"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since IL-6 and TNF-alpha are two of the cytokines regulated by SH2B3, those with detrimental variants may benefit more than most from reducing them [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10799879"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4811117/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21723852"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple studies show that </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> training may lower blood pressure, both in the first few hours after exercise and in the long term. Exercise guidelines often recommend aerobic exercise most days of the week (at least 150 min/week of moderate activity or 75 min/week of vigorous activity) supplemented with dynamic resistance exercise twice weekly [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27512052/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Meta-analyses estimated blood pressure reductions of 12.26 mmHg (systolic) and 6.12 mmHg (diastolic) from aerobic exercise. The combination of moderate- with high-intensity aerobic exercise (interval training) further enhanced the blood pressure-lowering effects of exercise training [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5369884/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31169988/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32401846/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As for resistance training, a single bout lowered blood pressure by up to 8.2 mmHg (systolic) and 4.1 mmHg (diastolic) within the first hours after exercise, while continuous resistance training lowered it by 4-5 mmHg (systolic) and 1.7-5 (diastolic). However, resistance training should be used with caution because it increases blood pressure during exercise [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27512052/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28769100/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26467494/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30086274/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise modalities such as aquatic exercise, stretching, brisk walking, and tai chi have all been proven effective at lowering blood pressure [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28914562/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460052/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17275896/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32338292/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In all cases, exercise was more effective in hypertensive people than in those with normal blood pressure values.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Physical fitness reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines regulated by SH2B3, and people who are physically fit are less likely to develop high blood pressure.</span></p> <h3><strong>Soy</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Genistein, an isoflavone found in soybeans, reduced the release of IL-6 from multiple types of cells in a lab setting [</span><a href="https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1956"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29693152/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In cell and animal studies, genistein protected the blood vessels from damage due to TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758913/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis of 14 trials and 789 people with normal or mildly elevated blood pressure found that daily consumption of soy isoflavones for 2-24 weeks lowered systolic (by 1.92 mmHg) but not diastolic blood pressure. Another meta-analysis found soy isoflavones effective at lowering both systolic (by 5.94 mmHg) and diastolic (by 3.35 mmHg) blood pressure, but only in hypertensive people [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20577121/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21310599/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In postmenopausal women, the intake of at least 100 mg/day of soy isoflavones lowered systolic (by 5.47 mmHg) and diastolic (by 2.03 mmHg) blood pressure [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28675204/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Genistein, an active compound in soy, may reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, protect the blood vessels from damage, and reduce blood pressure.</span></p> <h3><strong>Garlic</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a meta-analysis of clinical studies, people who consume a significant amount of </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/garlic-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">garlic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (in their diets or as supplements) have less circulating TNF-alpha than those who do not [</span><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jn/article-abstract/149/4/605/5428122?redirectedFrom=fulltext"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a laboratory setting, garlic decreased the production of both TNF-alpha and IL-6 [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16226132/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Several meta-analyses found that supplementation with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/garlic-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">garlic</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> extract (600-2,400 mg/day) may lower systolic (by 7-16 mmHg) and diastolic (by 5-9 mmHg) blood pressure in hypertensive people but not in those with normal blood pressure [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2442048/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19017826/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26764327/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25557383/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25239480/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26764326/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Garlic may lower blood pressure by increasing </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/calcium-101/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">calcium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and reducing </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/c-reactive-protein/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CRP</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> levels in the blood. Moreover, its active sulfur-containing compound allicin increases blood hydrogen sulfide concentrations. This chemical stimulates the production of the vessel-widening molecule nitric oxide [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26764327/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27796863/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Garlic extracts reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, and garlic consumption may reduce blood pressure.</span></p>
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605 | content_learn_more_7748688312640382_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your SH2B3 gene is somewhat associated with higher B2M and inflammatory cytokines. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall risk of high blood pressure; it’s just one gene related to it. Exercise, soy, and garlic may help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs3184504,rs10774625
rsStatus = rs3184504,SH2B3,chr12,111446804,T,A,C,G,53,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs10774625,ATXN2,chr12,111472415,A,C,G,T,24,0,Normal
