86 | id == 86
86 | category_id == 9
86 | category_order == 6
86 | category_name == Longevity
86 | category_color == #C47AC0
86 | slug == TNF-longevity
86 | title == Can This Inflammation Gene Affect Lifespan? (TNF)
86 | meta_description == The TNF gene plays a role in inflammation and the immune system, while also potentially affecting longevity. Learn more here!
86 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The TNF gene plays a key role in the body&rsquo;s inflammatory and immune response. Research suggests that certain genetic variations of TNF may be linked to longer lifespans. Find out what this gene does and how it can affect longevity.</strong></p>
86 | overall_score_text == Longevity Score (based on TNF)
86 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/TNFa--Longevity.jpg
86 | author_id == 8
86 | author_name == Mathew Eng
86 | author_title == PharmD
86 | author_order == 40
86 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Mathew.jpg
86 | author_intro == <p><strong>Mathew received his PharmD from the University of Hawaii and an undergraduate degree in Biology from the University of Washington.</strong></p>    <p>Mathew is a licensed pharmacist with clinical experience in oncology, infectious disease, and diabetes management. He has a passion for personalized patient care and believes that education is essential to living a healthy life. His goal is to motivate individuals to find ways to manage their chronic conditions.</p>
86 | reviewer == None
86 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
86 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
86 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
86 | publish_date == 2020
86 | publish_date == 1
86 | publish_date == 25
86 | avg_rating == 5.0
86 | tags_id == 203
86 | tags_name == IL6 Gene
86 | tags_id == 95
86 | tags_name == Immune System
86 | tags_id == 24
86 | tags_name == Inflammation
86 | tags_id == 101
86 | tags_name == Longevity
86 | tags_id == 235
86 | tags_name == TNF-alpha
86 | tags_id == 234
86 | tags_name == TNF gene
86 | permissions_favorite == False
86 | permissions_rate == False
86 | content_article == <table style="width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Note: </strong>The </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene is mentioned in the </span><em><strong><a href="https://get.selfdecode.com/gene-reports/inflammation/">Inflammation DNA Wellness Report</a></strong></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, along with many other genes. If you're looking for a comprehensive report on how your genes may influence your inflammation response, check it out!</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>What Is The <em>TNF</em> Gene?</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="../../gene/tnf/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> plays an important role in the body&rsquo;s immune response and </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/natural-ways-lower-inflammation/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">inflammation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. It does this by coding for a protein called tumor necrosis factor alpha (also known as </span><strong>TNF-alpha</strong><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or cachexin) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha is a type of cell signaling protein known as a cytokine. It is produced by several different components of the immune system, including [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Macrophages</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/intro-natural-killer-cells-increase-decrease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Natural killer</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (NK) cells</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/neutrophils/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Neutrophils</span></a></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mast cells</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Genetic variations in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene may cause improper production of TNF-alpha, which has been associated with a number of health conditions, such as autoimmune disease, depression, and cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014780/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27991935"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17216494?dopt=Abstract"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>How Does TNF-alpha Work?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As mentioned, the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene codes for the TNF-alpha protein, which belongs to a class of compounds called cytokines.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha is primarily responsible for regulating cells in the immune system. It has several functions throughout the body, many of which are in combination with IL-1 and IL-6 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some of the effects of TNF-alpha include [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10891884"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inflammation and fever</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Appetite suppression</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stimulating phagocytosis, which helps remove harmful substances like bacteria</span></li> </ul> <h2><strong><em>TNF</em> and Longevity</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Supporting Evidence</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is some evidence that certain genetic variants in the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene may be associated with longevity. More specifically, a variation in the SNP </span><a href="../../snp/rs1800629/"><strong>rs1800629</strong></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (sometimes called TNF -308) may be more common in those that live exceptionally long lives.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, one study looked at 1,196 people from a population of Tatars, an ethnic group that resides in several countries, including Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137202"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the study, researchers found that the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype was more common in those that live over 90 years, but only in Tatar women. This association does not appear to affect men [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137202"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another study also looked at rs1800629 in 1,057 Caucasian patients who were hospitalized for critical illness [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3570580/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The researchers of this study suggest that the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype is significantly more common in patients who survive critical illness. The &lsquo;AA&rsquo; genotype was associated with higher rates of death and time spent on a ventilator [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3570580/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype may be more common in those that live very long lives, at least in female Tatar populations. It may also be associated with better survival during critical illness.</span></p> <h3><strong>Conflicting Evidence</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Not all studies have found a link between the </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gene and longevity.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, one study of 650 Finnish people found no association between rs1800629 and longer lifespans [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11640949"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On top of that, a meta-analysis of 4 studies of rs1800629, which included a total of 5,937 Caucasian people, concluded that this SNP does not affect the probability of reaching an advanced age [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26754162"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research also suggests there may be no association between </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and longevity in Jordanian and Uyghur populations [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20518833"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26813132"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>How Does <em>TNF</em> Affect Lifespan?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research shows that the &lsquo;AA&rsquo; genotype in </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs1800629 may lead to increased production of TNF-alpha in the body [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10534109"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This increase in TNF-alpha levels may lead to imbalances in the body&rsquo;s immune and inflammatory response, which may potentially increase the risk of death [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10534109"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12967692"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, the &lsquo;AA&rsquo; genotype may be associated with a number of health disorders, including:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Asthma and COPD [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382273"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16865291"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Heart disease [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16319659"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rheumatoid arthritis [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24306269"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19365401"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418737"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cancer [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27257425"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24409077"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <h2><strong>Your <em>TNF</em> Results for Longevity</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You can see your genotypes for TNF in the table below. However, keep in mind that these associations are based on studies from certain ethnic populations &mdash; so you should interpret your results with caution if you are not descended from one of these specific groups!</span></em></p> <p>*7644967046427329*</p> <p><strong>Primary SNP:&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong>TNF </strong><a href="../../snp/rs1800629/"><strong>rs1800629</strong></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = No association with longevity</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = More common in those with longer lifespans in certain populations</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 82% of people have the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The association between the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype and longevity has only been found in certain Tatar groups</span></li> </ul> <p>*6471165390033566*</p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Improve Longevity</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Before implementing any of the following strategies, always speak with your doctor first about your options! There may be unexpected interactions with your current medications or health conditions.&nbsp;</span></em></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Also keep in mind that none of these recommendations should ever be used to replace any of the treatments or medications that your doctor gives you.</span></em></p> <p>*6240749736279516*</p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Exercise Regularly</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Exercise</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can be a great way to reduce inflammatory factors (such as TNF-alpha) and ultimately improve longevity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15772055"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320801/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although TNF-alpha levels can actually increase immediately after exercise (especially after vigorous physical activity), regular exercise decreases inflammation in the long run [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30371169"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22092703"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320801/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011264"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research shows that exercise is particularly effective for reducing age-related inflammation in the elderly [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320801/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11156963"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">But regardless of the relationship between exercise and TNF-alpha, research consistently shows that regular physical activity is one of the best ways to extend lifespan and quality of life [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23063021"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28943267"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501820/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On the other hand, a sedentary lifestyle is strongly associated with a significantly higher risk of death [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133005/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5998593/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">How much should you exercise? Most organizations, including the American Heart Association, recommend getting at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise each week [</span><a href="https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-in-adults"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Weight Management</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research shows that TNF-alpha levels are directly linked to weight. More specifically, blood levels of TNF-alpha appear to increase as abdominal fat increases [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580040"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10880890"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This is because fat (adipose) tissue may stimulate the expression and production of TNF-alpha. Reducing weight may lead to lower levels of TNF-alpha and inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304634/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11126333"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In any case, there is strong clinical evidence that obesity is a risk factor for a number of health disorders and is associated with shorter lifespan. </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Managing your weight</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to a normal BMI is an effective way to improve longevity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5401682/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30389322"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Quit Smoking</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Clinical studies demonstrate that tobacco smokers have significantly higher TNF-alpha levels in the blood compared to nonsmokers [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921689/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891738/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inhaled cigarette smoke can increase the production of TNF-alpha in lung cells, which can lead to airway inflammation and lung damage [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921689/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891738/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Besides its effects on TNF-alpha, smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death. For smokers, quitting can significantly improve life expectancy [</span><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/tobacco_related_mortality/index.htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is evidence that diet plays a key role in TNF-alpha levels, inflammation, and longevity.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Animal studies show that diets high in fat and carbohydrates can increase the expression of TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15935403"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20446026"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Based on clinical trials, there are some specific foods that may decrease inflammatory markers, such as TNF-alpha. These foods include:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fruits and vegetables [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30060746"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/olive-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Olive oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29165098"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, several studies show that a Mediterranean diet (which includes the above mentioned foods) also reduces TNF-alpha and is associated with lower inflammation [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421282"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30445703"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There is also clinical evidence that the Mediterranean diet itself is associated with improved longevity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30401007"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27894098"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p>
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86 | content_learn_more_6471165390033566_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your TNF genotype is somewhat associated with longevity in certain ethnic groups. However, this doesn't necessarily reflect your overall longevity — just one gene related to it. Lifestyle changes and diet can help. Keep scrolling to find out more.
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rsIDs = rs1800629
rsStatus = rs1800629,TNF,chr6,31575254,G,A,,,9,0,Normal
