93 | id == 93
93 | category_id == 9
93 | category_order == 6
93 | category_name == Longevity
93 | category_color == #C47AC0
93 | slug == sod3-longevity
93 | title == How is this Antioxidant Gene Connected to Longevity? (SOD3)
93 | meta_description == Researchers are looking for a link between the antioxidant enzyme SOD3 and human longevity—have they found one? Find out here.
93 | summary == <p><strong>SOD3 is one of the superoxide dismutase enzymes that helps prevent oxidative stress. Researchers are looking for a link between SOD3 and longevity &mdash; have they found one? Read on to find out.</strong></p>
93 | overall_score_text == Longevity Score (based on SOD3)
93 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/How-is-this-Antioxidant-Gene-Connected-to-Longevity-SOD3.jpg
93 | author_id == 1
93 | author_name == Jasmine Foster
93 | author_title == BSc, BEd
93 | author_order == 36
93 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Jasmine.jpg
93 | author_intro == <p><strong>Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.</strong></p>    <p>Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.</p>
93 | reviewer == None
93 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
93 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
93 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
93 | publish_date == 2020
93 | publish_date == 2
93 | publish_date == 5
93 | avg_rating == 5.0
93 | tags_id == 179
93 | tags_name == Age-Related Disease
93 | tags_id == 101
93 | tags_name == Longevity
93 | tags_id == 39
93 | tags_name == Oxidative Stress
93 | tags_id == 250
93 | tags_name == SOD3 Gene
93 | tags_id == 219
93 | tags_name == Stroke
93 | permissions_favorite == False
93 | permissions_rate == False
93 | content_article == <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">What is Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase?</span></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">SOD3 </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">codes for an enzyme called extracellular superoxide dismutase. It is a member of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family, whose job is to take molecules of superoxide (a strong oxidant) and transform them into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen (weaker oxidants). This process is part of the body&rsquo;s natural antioxidant defenses [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5685559/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On the whole, the SOD family of enzymes differ primarily in their location. SOD1 is located in the cytoplasm, or the cellular fluid, SOD2 is located in the </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/mitochondria/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">mitochondria</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and SOD3 is located outside of the cell &mdash; hence the name &ldquo;extracellular superoxide dismutase.&rdquo; Another major difference is that SOD2 requires </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/manganese/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">manganese</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to function, while SOD1 and SOD3 depend on copper and zinc [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5969776/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768979/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Longevity &amp; SOD3</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For now, much of the research on longevity and SOD3 is limited to a single human study and a series of mouse studies. Furthermore, the mouse studies found contradictory evidence; some found that inserting human rs1799895-C SOD3 into the mouse genome protected against airway inflammation, while others found that the same procedure accelerated aging and decreased lifespan [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5621928/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25927599"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The only association study to find a link between SOD3 and human lifespan discovered that rs2536512 predicted age at death in a group of just over 1000 participants. In this study, people with the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype lived slightly longer than those with the &lsquo;AG&rsquo; genotype, and those with the &lsquo;AG&rsquo; genotype lived slightly longer than those with the &lsquo;</span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/arachidonic-acid/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">AA</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">&rsquo; genotype. The total difference in age at death between &lsquo;GG&rsquo; and &lsquo;AA&rsquo; was about a year and a half (88.9 vs. 87.4) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4277407/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">A single human study found that people with the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype at rs1799895 lived about a year and a half longer than those with the &lsquo;AA&rsquo; genotype.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">A Weak Link?</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The connection between SOD3 and longevity is broadly speculative at this point. Researchers have found an association between variants at this gene and longevity in mice, but the search for a human connection hasn&rsquo;t borne much fruit so far. In fact, at least one study of known SOD3 variants found no correlation at all with longevity in German volunteers [</span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24146173"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">That said, there&rsquo;s a reason why researchers keep looking. While studies on variants in the human SOD3 gene haven&rsquo;t yet turned up a direct correlation with lifespan, such variants do appear to influence:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Risk of dying from COPD [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18703790"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lung injury and mortality [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948423"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Stroke in women [</span><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1601-5223.2008.02086.x"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Furthermore, low SOD3 levels have been associated with polyneuropathy in people with diabetes [</span><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/emm2017173"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These are all potentially life-threatening conditions. Thus, the search goes on for a more direct link between SOD3 and lifespan.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Evidence of direct links between SOD3 and longevity is sparse, but variants in SOD3 have been linked with mortality rates from COPD and lung injury as well as cerebral infarction, a type of stroke.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your SOD3 Results for Longevity</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It&rsquo;s important to note that certain genotypes being associated with longevity doesn&rsquo;t necessarily mean that everyone with that genotype will live an exceptionally long life! Many different factors, including other genetic and environmental factors, are believed to influence longevity.</span></p> <p>*1339854065076862*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">SNP Summary and Table</span></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p><strong>SOD3 rs2536512</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;A&rsquo; = Associated with slightly younger age at death</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Associated with slightly older age at death</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 40% of all people have the &lsquo;GG&rsquo; genotype associated with oldest age at death</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>Other SNPs under investigation:</strong></p> <p><strong>SOD3 rs1799895</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with stroke (cerebral infarction) in women</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with stroke (cerebral infarction)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Only about 5% of the global population has a copy of the apparently protective &lsquo;G&rsquo; allele</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">C-C-C haplotype at rs1799895, rs13306703, rs699473 most strongly associated with stroke in women</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other studies have found that &lsquo;G&rsquo; was linked with heart disease; effects appear to be mixed.</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>SOD3 rs13306703*</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with stroke (cerebral infarction) in women</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Not associated with stroke (cerebral infarction)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 76% of all people have at least one copy of the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">C-C-C haplotype at rs1799895, rs13306703, rs699473 most strongly associated with stroke in women</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>SOD3 rs699473</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;C&rsquo; = Associated with stroke (cerebral infarction) in women</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Not associated with stroke (cerebral infarction)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">About 78% of all people have at least one copy of the &lsquo;C&rsquo; allele</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">C-C-C haplotype at rs1799895, rs13306703, rs699473 most strongly associated with stroke in women</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>SOD3 rs8192287</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with lung disease</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with COPD, acute lung injury, and mortality</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Only about 14% of all people have at least one copy of the detrimental &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele</span></li> </ul> <p><strong>SOD3 rs8192288</strong></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;G&rsquo; = Not associated with lung disease</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&lsquo;T&rsquo; = Associated with COPD, acute lung injury, and mortality</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Only about 14% of all people have at least one copy of the detrimental &lsquo;T&rsquo; allele</span></li> </ul> <p>*9987168741909207*</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Recommendations to Increase Longevity</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">To avoid any adverse effects or unexpected interactions, always speak with your doctor before making any significant changes to your diet or supplement regimen. None of the recommendations in this section should ever be used in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.</span></p> <p>*7115935871419303*</p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diet</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) requires copper and zinc to function. Thus, one of the most important things to make sure SOD3 is working properly is to prevent deficiency of either of these mineral nutrients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19289127"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Furthermore, dietary intake of copper and zinc (as well as </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/health-benefits-selenium/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">selenium</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">) has been linked to longevity and healthy aging, according to a large study in Hainan Province in China [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27791219"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Adults are recommended to consume at least 900 mcg of copper per day in their diets, with an increase to 1.3 mg for pregnant and lactating women. The richest dietary sources include liver, oysters, mushrooms, nuts, tofu, and potatoes [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-Consumer/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Women are recommended to consume at least 8 mg of zinc per day in their diets, with an increase to 11-12 mg during pregnancy and lactation; men are recommended to consume at least 11 mg per day. The richest dietary sources include seafood, beef, pork, beans, and seeds [</span><a href="https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/zinc-HealthProfessional/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with detrimental SOD3 variants may have less effective antioxidant defenses and may therefore benefit more than most from increasing their intake of antioxidant fruits and vegetables. Dark-colored fruits (like blackberries, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/blueberries-health-benefits/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">blueberries</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and red grapes) and green vegetables (like kale, spinach, and broccoli) are a good place to start. Herbs and spices also tend to be rich sources of dietary antioxidants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841576/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400; background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The best diet for optimal SOD3 function seems to be rich in copper, zinc, and antioxidants; we recommend plenty of green vegetables, meat, and seafood, heavily seasoned with herbs and spices!</span></p>
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93 | content_learn_more_9987168741909207_text == Based on the variants we looked at, your SOD3 gene variants are associated with an average lifespan. Your extracellular antioxidants may not be functioning optimally; a diet rich in sources of copper, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A can help support SOD3 function.
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rsIDs = rs1799895,rs8192287,rs8192288,rs13306703,rs699473,rs2536512
rsStatus = rs1799895,SOD3,chr4,24800212,C,G,,,21,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs8192287,SOD3,chr4,24794946,G,T,,,38,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs8192288,SOD3,chr4,24795056,G,A,T,,46,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs13306703,SOD3,chr4,24793891,C,T,,,32,0,Normal
rsStatus = rs699473,SOD3,chr4,24795181,C,T,,,22,18,HET
rsStatus = rs2536512,SOD3,chr4,24799693,G,A,T,,18,12,HET
