94 | id == 94
94 | category_id == 6
94 | category_order == 4
94 | category_name == Thyroid
94 | category_color == #C47AC0
94 | slug == CD40-thyroid-autoimmunity-Graves
94 | title == Complex Link Between Immunity and Thyroid Health (CD40)
94 | meta_description == CD40 encodes for a receptor that activates immune cells. Click to learn how one CD40 variant impacts thyroid health.
94 | summary == <p style="text-align:justify"><strong>The CD40 gene encodes for a crucial immune-regulating receptor. Learn how one variant in this gene impacts thyroid health and what you can do to lessen its effect.</strong></p>
94 | overall_score_text == Your overall Graves' disease score (based on CD40)
94 | image == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/background/CD40--Thyroid.jpg
94 | author_id == 9
94 | author_name == Aleksa Ristic
94 | author_title == MS (Pharmacy)
94 | author_order == 45
94 | author_photo == https://sd-selfdecode-assets-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/blog/author-photo/Aleksa.jpg
94 | author_intro == <p><strong>Aleksa received his MS in Pharmacy from the University of Belgrade, his master thesis focusing on protein sources in plant-based diets.</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>    <p>Aleksa is passionate about herbal pharmacy, nutrition, and functional medicine. He found a way to merge his two biggest passions&mdash;writing and health&mdash;and use them for noble purposes. His mission is to bridge the gap between science and everyday life, helping readers improve their health and feel better.</p>
94 | reviewer == None
94 | medical_reviewer_id == 11
94 | medical_reviewer_name == Puya Yazdi
94 | medical_reviewer_title == MD
94 | publish_date == 2020
94 | publish_date == 2
94 | publish_date == 5
94 | avg_rating == 5.0
94 | tags_id == 33
94 | tags_name == Autoimmunity
94 | tags_id == 96
94 | tags_name == Cytokines
94 | tags_id == 83
94 | tags_name == Grave's Disease
94 | tags_id == 253
94 | tags_name == IL-6
94 | tags_id == 95
94 | tags_name == Immune System
94 | tags_id == 76
94 | tags_name == Infections
94 | tags_id == 252
94 | tags_name == Olive oil
94 | tags_id == 243
94 | tags_name == Smoking
94 | tags_id == 41
94 | tags_name == Thyroid
94 | tags_id == 235
94 | tags_name == TNF-alpha
94 | tags_id == 251
94 | tags_name == Turmeric
94 | tags_id == 232
94 | tags_name == Vitamin D
94 | permissions_favorite == False
94 | permissions_rate == False
94 | content_article == <h2><strong>CD40 and the Immune Response</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/gene/cd40/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD40</span></em></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (cluster of differentiation 40) gene encodes for a protein present on the surface of specific immune cells (antigen-presenting cells). This protein acts as a receptor and activates the cells, causing a range of downstream effects, such as their maturation and development [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/958"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD40 belongs to the family of TNF receptors and plays a fundamental role in B-cell activation. It causes B cell to mature and produce large amounts of high-affinity (specific) antibodies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2463310/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1748148/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Did you know?</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Although CD40 mostly acts as a surface receptor, it can reach the cell nucleus and affect gene expression [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16644731/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Future Target for Autoimmunity Drugs?</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although CD40-mediated activation is a crucial component in the immune response, it can also play a role in different autoimmune conditions. By introducing antibodies to CD40 ligand, scientists were able to relieve the following autoimmune conditions in animal studies [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7689748/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11359850/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16756463/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Graves&rsquo; disease</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rheumatoid arthritis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lupus nephritis (kidney disease)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness)</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mercury-induced immunity</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Still, the research in this area is young and lacks confirmation in clinical trials.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>CD40 Variant and Thyroid Autoimmunity</strong>&nbsp;</span></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Based on its role in antibody production and immune response, researchers have studied </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD40</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> as a candidate gene for autoimmune thyroid disorders. Indeed, they found a potential link with </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/graves-disease/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Graves' disease</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (GD) or autoimmune hyperthyroidism [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15307939"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A single CD40 variant, </span><a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/snp/rs1883832/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs1883832</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, showed association with GD in different trials, but the initial results were conflicting [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271308/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A meta-analysis gathered the data from over 4,000 participants of mixed ethnicity to cast more light on this link. According to the results, Graves&rsquo; disease was 22% more common in people with the &ldquo;CC&rdquo; genotype. It had a much higher impact on Korean subjects, but the data for this population were limited [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16279844/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A 2019 meta-analysis of 17 studies and nearly 9,000 Chinese people came to similar conclusions: those carrying the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele were less likely to develop GD. The observed effect was stronger compared with European studies, and the variant also showed an association with Graves' ophthalmopathy (eye complications) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6449683/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When it comes to Japan, one study found the same connection while another did not. Japanese carriers of the &ldquo;C&rdquo; allele appear to have milder forms of Graves&rsquo; disease (GD), and they develop the condition later [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16756465"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16127217/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22706687"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Initially, scientists didn&rsquo;t observe a link between rs1883832 and other autoimmune disorders, and they considered this variant GD-specific. However, later research has revealed a potential association of the &ldquo;T&rdquo; allele with [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2043086/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2902513/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20682661"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">]:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Crohn&rsquo;s disease</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple sclerosis</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Giant cell arteritis</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">A single CD40 variant, rs1883832, correlates with Graves' disease in European and Asian populations. It has a particularly strong impact on Chinese and Korean descendants and may also correlate with Graves' ophthalmopathy (eye complications).</span></p> <h3><strong>Key Mechanisms at Play</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers located the C/T polymorphism at rs1883832 in a so-called Kozak sequence, essential for protein synthesis. The &ldquo;C&rdquo; allele speeds up the process by 15-30%, resulting in higher CD40 receptor expression [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3313277/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731360/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In turn, B-cells with more CD40 and other co-stimulatory receptors are easily activated and more prone to an autoimmune response [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11086109/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11751940/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies on the cells from GD patients have found higher CD40 expression on thyroid cells, which can sometimes act as antigen-presenting cells, too [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9543155/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10482365/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In terms of downstream effects on the immune response, excess CD40 may cause over-production of inflammatory cytokines such as </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/interleukin-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">IL-6</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and thus promote thyroid inflammation and autoimmunity [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11985521/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2043086/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">The &ldquo;C&rdquo; allele at rs1883832 can increase CD40 receptor expression and cause over-production of inflammatory IL-6. This mechanism may contribute to thyroid inflammation and autoimmunity.</span></p> <h2><strong>Your CD40 Results for Graves&rsquo; Disease</strong></h2> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">You can see your genotype for key CD40</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> SNPs in the table below. However, keep in mind that these results are based on association studies, and more research will be needed to know what role (if any) these variants play in actually </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">causing</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> thyroid disorders. Also, many different factors &mdash; including other genetic and environmental factors &mdash; can influence thyroid health. Therefore, just because you have one of these genotypes does not necessarily mean you are at an increased risk of developing a thyroid disorder!</span></em></p> <h3><strong>SNP Table</strong></h3> <p><strong>*9605784382773688*</strong></p> <h3><strong>SNP Summary</strong></h3> <p><strong>Primary SNP:</strong></p> <p><strong><em>CD40</em></strong> <a href="https://www.selfdecode.com/snp/rs1883832/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">rs1883832</span></a></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&ldquo;C&rdquo; - correlates with higher rates of Graves&rsquo; disease</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">&ldquo;T&rdquo; - doesn&rsquo;t correlate with Graves&rsquo; disease</span></li> </ul> <h3><strong>Population Frequency</strong></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Over 52% of European descendants have the &ldquo;problematic&rdquo; CC genotype, so there&rsquo;s no reason to worry. This genotype is less common in East Asian (31%) and much more common in African populations (95%).</span></p> <p><strong>*7475563445728617*</strong></p> <h2><strong>Recommendations to Support the Thyroid</strong></h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There isn't a known way to prevent Graves' disease, but your doctor can successfully treat it with medications once diagnosed. Therefore, if you're experiencing symptoms of Grave's disease &mdash; such as sudden </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/a-comprehensive-list-of-effective-ways-to-lose-weight/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">weight loss</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, increased </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/resting-heart-rate/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">heart rate</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, sweating, and shaky hands &mdash; it is essential to consult with your doctor ASAP to ensure you get adequate medical care.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Your doctor may suggest adding the complementary approaches mentioned below &mdash; but they should not be used to replace conventional medical treatment.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the following sections, we&rsquo;ll detail some lifestyle, diet, and supplement choices that will improve your overall health and potentially reduce the impact of your CD40 gene on thyroid health.</span></p> <p><strong>*4513666104206617*</strong></p> <h3><strong>Diet</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/olive-oil/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Olive oil</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can directly target CD40-mediated inflammation; in a study of 18 volunteers, it lowered the expression of a molecule that activates CD40 (ligand). A review of clinical trials underlined its potential to reduce </span><a href="http://selfhacked.com/blog/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TNF-alpha</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and IL-6, which may also lessen the impact of rs1883832-C [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22440854"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29165098"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Olive oil&mdash;alone or as a part of the Mediterranean diet&mdash;has been researched for a range of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. A recent study suggested the Mediterranean diet as a dietary approach to thyroid disorders, but we should wait for stronger evidence before drawing conclusions [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27783083"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4443792/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28925494"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h3><strong>Lifestyle</strong></h3> <h4><strong>Avoid Cigarette Smoke</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cigarette smoking and smoke exposure have detrimental effects on the immune system and inflammation. They can increase IL-6 and thus worsen CD40-associated thyroid autoimmunity [</span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1424390312001263"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6361762/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387690"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921689/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Smoking has been associated with a 2x higher risk of Graves' disease and a 3-4x higher risk of Graves' ophthalmopathy (thyroid eye disease) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331213/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21142817/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Therefore, refrain from smoking to support your thyroid and improve overall health. And keep in mind that being around people who smoke &mdash; also known as &ldquo;second-hand&rdquo; or &ldquo;passive&rdquo; smoking &mdash; can be a significant source of exposure, too!</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Smoking increases IL-6 and doubles the risk of Graves' disease. Refrain from smoking and avoid passive smoke to improve your thyroid health.</span></p> <h4><strong>Avoid Bacterial Infections</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">CD40 is involved in the response against bacterial antigens, too. Bacterial </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/lipopolysaccharides/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">LPS</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (lipopolysaccharides) can significantly increase CD40 expression and potentially worsen its effect on thyroid autoimmunity. Infections also increase TNF-alpha and IL-6, which can further stimulate CD40 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307098/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16164393"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Studies have been researching the role of </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Yersinia enterocolitica, </span></em><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/h-pylori-part-1/"><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Helicobacter pylori</span></em></a><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and other bacteria in Graves&rsquo; disease (GD) onset and development. Antibodies to </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Y. enterocolitica</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> can mistakenly attack and activate the </span><a href="https://www.selfhacked.com/blog/thyroid-stimulating-hormone/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">TSH</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> receptor, as seen in GD [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28689782"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8981007"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2102771"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">To lower your risk, make sure to wash your hands regularly and maintain personal hygiene. Avoid getting in touch with people who may have an infection and avoid spending much time in crowded places. Additionally, try to ensure adequate sanitation at your home and cook your food properly to get rid of potential contaminants [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2683212/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK453060/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Bacterial infections may increase CD40 expression and contribute to Graves&rsquo; disease. Lower your risk by maintaining personal and home hygiene and avoiding contact with infected people.</span></p> <h3><strong>Supplements</strong></h3> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Keep in mind that the FDA hasn't approved the below supplements for the prevention or treatment of thyroid disorders. Always speak with your doctor before trying out any new supplements or treatment options.</span></em></p> <h4><strong>Vitamin D</strong></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In human cells, </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/35proven-health-benefits-vitamin-d-part-1/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vitamin D</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> reduced the expression of CD40 and IL-6, suggesting its potential to alleviate CD40-associated autoimmunity. At the same time, vitamin D suppresses TNF-alpha [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19186073"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12858333"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285932/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">People with autoimmune thyroid disorders have significantly lower vitamin D levels compared with healthy controls. Supplementation reduced thyroid antibodies in 75 patients [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28697689"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29528579"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24609834"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <h4><strong>Curcumin</strong></h4> <p><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/curcumin-cures-top-15-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-with-references/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Curcumin</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is a versatile anti-inflammatory with potential uses in different autoimmune conditions. In human cells, it reduced the expression of CD40 and IL-6 [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723087"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594223"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A growing body of evidence suggests turmeric&mdash;and its active ingredient, curcumin&mdash;as a powerful complementary approach to autoimmune conditions. In a study of 2,335 subjects, those who consumed more turmeric had better thyroid health and lower incidence of goiter (thyroid swelling) [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569223"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4366771/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In a study on rats, curcumin reversed the harmful effects of fluoride on </span><a href="https://selfhacked.com/blog/hypothyroidism-may-good-autoimmunity/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">thyroid function</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. More research is needed to confirm the therapeutic potential of curcumin for thyroid disorders [</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29715188"><span style="font-weight: 400;">R</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">].</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: #e8ebfc; border-left: 2px solid #4569fa; display: block; padding: 20px;">Curcumin may reduce CD40-associated inflammation and autoimmunity. Increased intake of turmeric appears to benefit the thyroid, but more research is needed.</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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rsIDs = rs1883832
rsStatus = rs1883832,CD40,chr20,46118343,T,A,C,G,33,0,Normal
